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VERITAS status
Stephan LeBohec and Brian Humensky for the VERITAS collaboration
Adelaide, December 2006
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory *Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory * Adler PlanetariumAdler Planetarium Purdue University *Purdue University * Barnard College, NYBarnard College, NY Iowa State University *Iowa State University * DePauw University, INDePauw University, IN Washington University, St. Louis *Washington University, St. Louis * Grinnell College, IAGrinnell College, IA University of Chicago *University of Chicago * University of California, Santa CruzUniversity of California, Santa Cruz
University of Utah *University of Utah * University of MassachussettsUniversity of Massachussetts University of California, Los Angeles *University of California, Los Angeles * Cork Institute of TechnologyCork Institute of Technology McGill University, Montreal *McGill University, Montreal * Galway-Mayo Institute of TechnologyGalway-Mayo Institute of Technology National University of Ireland, Dublin *National University of Ireland, Dublin * National University of Ireland, GalwayNational University of Ireland, Galway University of Leeds *University of Leeds * Associate Members Associate Members
Project office: Whipple observatory SAO Project office: Whipple observatory SAO
VERITAS Collaboration VERITAS Collaboration ~65 members in more than 20 institutions~65 members in more than 20 institutions
Funding from Funding from NSF/DOE/Smithsonian/PPARC/SFI/NSERCNSF/DOE/Smithsonian/PPARC/SFI/NSERC
0.5o 0.5o 0.5o
0.15o
pixel
340 Hexagonal Facets 0.60m 340 Hexagonal Facets 0.60m acrossacrossDavies-Cotton Davies-Cotton Diameter = 12mDiameter = 12mFocal Length = 12mFocal Length = 12mTime dispersion < 5nsTime dispersion < 5ns
Bias alignmentPSF
FWHM0.06o
Light collecting cones toIncrease light collection& shield from stray light
499 pixel camera3.5O FOV 0.15O pixels
Photonis XP29702x105 Gain
Custom preamplifier installed in Base:
6.66 Effective Gain AC DC output for current
monitoring Programmable test pulse
input
Camera
PMT
Current monitor
ChargeInjection
Telescope Electronics
500MHzDigitization8(+3) bits
8s deepmemory
x
CFDPattern
SensitiveTrigger
Readout140ft75RG59
~200mfiber
Array Control Building
Delays ArrayTrigger
VERITAS ELECTRONICS
Telescope and Array Triggers
Telescope: any 3 adjacent pixels within
10 ns
Array:multiple telescope triggers
within 100ns geometry telescope-delay
(a tradition since March 2006).
Trigger rate ~ 100 Hz
Deadtime ~ 5 %
VERITASOPticalTelescope Injection and CalibrationSystem
Pedestal
Single photo-electron
Raw data
Time and gain corrected data
-15 -5 5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 115 125
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
avg FADC, right
sample
dig
ital
cou
nts
Rayleigh attenuation
Ray
leig
h S
catt
erin
g
Rayleigh scattering based AbsoluteCalibration
Conclusions:
* VERITAS FULLY OPERATIONAL IN 2007:Four 12m telescopes with 500 pixel cameras (3.5°) in southern Az (1800m)
*SPECIFICATIONS:Energy threshold ~ 100GeVAngular resolution ~ 4'-6'Energy resolution ~ 10-15%Collecting area ~ 4×104 m2
Crab rate ~ 40/min
1996 First Proposal to Smithsonian (Buckley, Catanese, Weekes & Krennrich) 1998 VERITAS selected for internal support at SAO1999 PPARC/EI approve funding for VERITAS2000 Lehman review --> passed2000 DOE funds VERITAS R&D2000 VERITAS proposal to NSF/DOE --> NSF lacks funds2001 Dec. 3 agencies appear ready to fund VERITAS --> OMB disapproves2002 Decadel Survey by Nat. Academy --> endorses VERITAS2003 Montosa canyon approved! --> lawsuit by environmental group decision to go to Kitt Peak instead!2003 March VERITAS funded for 4 telescopes in U.S. by DoE & NSF!2004 Feb. Prototype Telescope at testsite operational 2005 Feb. telescope 1 operational2004 July site at Kitt Peak approved! 2005 Feb. infrastructure for VERITAS in place at Kitt Peak2005 Tohono O’odham Nation files complaint --> site shutdown --> NSF volunteers to do a new EA --> resolution expected by Dec 052005 Fall Telescope 1 & 2 start operations @ FLWO basecamp2006 Decision to built VERITAS-4 at basecamp + operate 2007 - 2009 2006 Dec. Kitt Peak site issue still unresolved …
1996 First Proposal to Smithsonian (Buckley, Catanese, Weekes & Krennrich) 1998 VERITAS selected for internal support at SAO1999 PPARC/EI approve funding for VERITAS2000 Lehman review --> passed2000 DOE funds VERITAS R&D2000 VERITAS proposal to NSF/DOE --> NSF lacks funds2001 Dec. 3 agencies appear ready to fund VERITAS --> OMB disapproves2002 Decadel Survey by Nat. Academy --> endorses VERITAS2003 Montosa canyon approved! --> lawsuit by environmental group decision to go to Kitt Peak instead!2003 March VERITAS funded for 4 telescopes in U.S. by DoE & NSF!2004 Feb. Prototype Telescope at testsite operational 2005 Feb. telescope 1 operational2004 July site at Kitt Peak approved! 2005 Feb. infrastructure for VERITAS in place at Kitt Peak2005 Tohono O’odham Nation files complaint --> site shutdown --> NSF volunteers to do a new EA --> resolution expected by Dec 052005 Fall Telescope 1 & 2 start operations @ FLWO basecamp2006 Decision to built VERITAS-4 at basecamp + operate 2007 - 2009 2006 Dec. Kitt Peak site issue still unresolved …
1996 First Proposal to Smithsonian (Buckley, Catanese, Weekes & Krennrich) 1998 VERITAS selected for internal support at SAO1999 PPARC/EI approve funding for VERITAS2000 Lehman review --> passed2000 DOE funds VERITAS R&D2000 VERITAS proposal to NSF/DOE --> NSF lacks funds2001 Dec. 3 agencies appear ready to fund VERITAS --> OMB disapproves2002 Decadel Survey by Nat. Academy --> endorses VERITAS2003 Montosa canyon approved! --> lawsuit by environmental group decision to go to Kitt Peak instead!2003 March VERITAS funded for 4 telescopes in U.S. by DoE & NSF!2004 Feb. Prototype Telescope at testsite operational 2004 July site at Kitt Peak approved! 2005 Feb. telescope 1 operational 2005 Feb. infrastructure for VERITAS in place at Kitt Peak2005 Tohono O’odham Nation files complaint --> site shutdown --> NSF volunteers to do a new EA --> resolution expected by Dec 052005 Fall Telescope 1 & 2 start operations @ FLWO basecamp2006 Decision to built VERITAS-4 at basecamp + operate 2007 - 2009 2006 Dec. Kitt Peak site issue still unresolved …
1996 First Proposal to Smithsonian (Buckley, Catanese, Weekes & Krennrich) 1998 VERITAS selected for internal support at SAO1999 PPARC/EI approve funding for VERITAS2000 Lehman review --> passed2000 DOE funds VERITAS R&D2000 VERITAS proposal to NSF/DOE --> NSF lacks funds2001 Dec. 3 agencies appear ready to fund VERITAS --> OMB disapproves2002 Decadel Survey by Nat. Academy --> endorses VERITAS2003 Montosa canyon approved! --> lawsuit by environmental group decision to go to Kitt Peak instead!2003 March VERITAS funded for 4 telescopes in U.S. by DoE & NSF!2004 Feb. Prototype Telescope at testsite operational 2004 July site at Kitt Peak approved! 2005 Feb. telescope 1 operational 2005 Feb. infrastructure for VERITAS in place at Kitt Peak2005 Tohono O’odham Nation files complaint --> site shutdown --> NSF volunteers to do a new EA --> resolution expected by Dec 052005 Fall Telescope 1 & 2 start operations @ FLWO basecamp2006 Decision to built VERITAS-4 at basecamp + operate 2007 - 2009 2006 Dec. Kitt Peak site issue still unresolved …
1996 First Proposal to Smithsonian (Buckley, Catanese, Weekes & Krennrich) 1998 VERITAS selected for internal support at SAO1999 PPARC/EI approve funding for VERITAS2000 Lehman review --> passed2000 DOE funds VERITAS R&D2000 VERITAS proposal to NSF/DOE --> NSF lacks funds2001 Dec. 3 agencies appear ready to fund VERITAS --> OMB disapproves2002 Decadel Survey by Nat. Academy --> endorses VERITAS2003 Montosa canyon approved! --> lawsuit by environmental group decision to go to Kitt Peak instead!2003 March VERITAS funded for 4 telescopes in U.S. by DoE & NSF!2004 Feb. Prototype Telescope at testsite operational 2004 July site at Kitt Peak approved! 2005 Feb. telescope 1 operational 2005 Feb. infrastructure for VERITAS in place at Kitt Peak2005 Tohono O’odham Nation files complaint --> site shutdown --> NSF volunteers to do a new EA --> resolution expected by Dec 052005 Fall Telescope 1 & 2 start operations @ FLWO basecamp2006 Decision to built VERITAS-4 at basecamp + operate 2007 - 2009 2006 Dec. Kitt Peak site issue still unresolved …