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Thispresentationaimstoteachyouaboutvertebratesandinvertebrates.
Thispresentationhasthefollowingstructure:
Slide1- WhatisanInvertebrate?
Slide2- WhatisaVertebrate?
Slide3- Vertebratevs.Invertebrate
Slide4- EvolutionofInvertebrates
Slide5- EvolutionofVertebrates
Slide6- ClassificationofInvertebrates
Slide7- ClassificationofVertebrates
Slide8- AustralianCurriculumMapping
VERTEBRATES &
INVERTEBRATES
KIDS CORNER
VERTEBRATES &
INVERTEBRATES
KIDS CORNER
WhatisanInvertebrate?
Aninvertebrateisanorganismthathasnospineorbackboneandiscold-
blooded.Acold-bloodedanimalcannotcontrolitsownbodytemperature.
Itsbodytemperaturechangeswiththetemperatureoftheairorwater
surroundingtheanimal.
Herearesomeexamplesofinvertebrates:
Leeches Snails
Scorpions BlackWidowspiders
Coral Jellyfish
Butterflies Clams
Earthworms Tarantulas
Anemones Lobsters
Barnacles Squids
YellowJackets
WhatisaVertebrate?
Avertebrateisanyorganismwithaninternalbackboneorspine.The
individualbonesofthespinearecalledvertebrae.
Herearesomeexamplesofvertebrates:
fish amphibians reptiles marsupials
birds mammals primates rodents
Fish,amphibians,andreptilesarecold-blooded,likeinvertebrates.All
othervertebratesarewarm-blooded,whichmeanstheymaintaina
constantbodytemperature.Only2%ofallspeciesarevertebrates,while
98%areinvertebrates.However,vertebratesareusuallylargerthan
invertebrates.Theyarealsomoremobile.Forthesereasonsvertebrates
tendtobethedominantspeciesintheirhabitats.
Spinal column
Vertebrae
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Vertebratevs.Invertebrate
Thischartshowsyouthemaindifferencesbetweenvertebratesand
invertebrates.
VERTEBRATES &
INVERTEBRATES
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Invertebrates Vertebrates
Have no spine Have a spinal column consisting of
vertebrae
Cold-blooded Some are cold-blooded and others
are warm-blooded
Less developed brains More developed brains
Most are small and slow moving Most are larger and more mobile
98% of all species Only 2% of all species
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EvolutionofInvertebrates
Invertebratesevolvedseveralimportanttraitsovermillionsofyears.Now
thesetraitsarefoundinmostanimalsalloverEarth.Thefirsttraitwas
beingmulti-celled.Earlierorganismsweresingle-celled.Multiplecellscan
performdifferentfunctionsintheorganism.Spongesareagoodexample.
Thenexttraittodevelopininvertebrateswastissueswithouterandinner
celllayers.Jellyfishareagoodexampleofthisevolutionarystage.
Eventually,multi-layertissuesledtothedevelopmentofinternalorgans.
Theninvertebratesdevelopedradialsymmetry.Thismeansthatan
organism’sbodycanbedividedaroundacentralpointandeachpiece
wouldlookthesame.Astarfishisagoodexample.Thisisanimportant
evolutionarysteptowarddevelopingaheadandeventuallyabrain.
Nextcamebilateralsymmetry,withaleftandarightsidethatarethe
mirrorimageofeachother.Andathirdlevelofcellsledtothe
developmentofmuscle.Thencameadigestivesystemandaflexible,fluid-
filledbodycavity.Someinvertebratesdevelopedsegmentedbodiesand
somedevelopedanotochord,orcartilagerod,likeaprimitivebackbone.
EvolutionofVertebrates
Approximatelysixhundredmillionyearsago,vertebrateevolutionbegan
withajawlessfish.Whileitdidnothaveatruespinalcolumn,itdidhave
askull.Aroundonehundredandfiftymillionyearslater,thefirstfishwith
acompletespinalcolumnarrivedonthescene.Ittookanotherfiftymillion
yearsfortheretobebothbonyfishandlobe-finnedfish.Thelobe-finned
fishdevelopedintoamphibians.Amphibianswerethefirstvertebratesto
liveontheland,buttheycontinuedtoreproduceinthewater.By300
millionyearsago,amphibiansevolvedintoreptilesthatlaideggsonland.
Thiswasahugeleapforvertebratesbecausetheynolongerhadtolive
nearwatertoreproduce.
Mammalsdevelopedfromthesereptile-likeancestorsabout200million
yearsago.Birdsdevelopedabout50millionyearsafterthefirstmammals.
Vertebratescontinuetoevolvetoday.Asscientistscontinuetostudyhow
vertebratesevolved,welearnmoreaboutthehistoryofourown
ancestors.
VERTEBRATES &
INVERTEBRATES
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Lobe-finned Fish Early Amphibian
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INVERTEBRATES
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ClassificationofInvertebrates
Invertebratesareclassifiedbasedontheirtypeandtheirevolutionary
relationshiptootherspecies.Invertebratesspanthreekingdoms:
1.Protozoa(singlecelled)
2.Parazoa (notissues)
3.Metazoa (animals)
WithintheMetazoa kingdomthereareseveralphylaofinvertebrates:
• Porifera (sponges)
• Cnidarians(jellyfish,corals,andseaanemone)
• Platyhelminthes(flatworms)
• Nematoda (roundworms)
• Annelida(earthworms)
• Echinodermata(seastars,seaurchins,andseacucumbers)
• Mollusca(squidsandsnails)
• Arthropoda(insects,ticks,spiders,grasshoppers,lobsters,andcrabs)
VERTEBRATES &
INVERTEBRATES
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Class Description
Agnatha • Jawlessfishwithoutscales
Chondrichthyes • Fishwithhardrubber-likeskeletons
Osteichthyes • Bonyfish
Amphibia
• Splittheirtimebetweenlandandwater
• Reproduceinwater
• Manyspeciesmustkeeptheirskinwet
Reptilia
• Havelungsandbreathe air
• Skindoesnotneedtobekeptwet
• Layeggsonland
Aves• All birds
• Layeggsonland
Mammalia
• Conceivetheiryounginthefemale’sreproductivetract
• Nourishtheiryoungwithmilkproducedinmammaryglands
• Haveavarietyofspecialised teeth
• Arewarmblooded
ClassificationofVertebrates
Therearesevenclassesofvertebrates:
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INVERTEBRATES
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AustralianCurriculumMapping
GRADE5SCIENCE(ACSHE083):Scientificknowledgeisusedtosolve
problemsandinformpersonalandcommunitydecisions.
GRADE6SCIENCE(ACSSU094):Thegrowthandsurvivaloflivingthingsare
affectedbythephysicalconditionsoftheirenvironment.
YEAR7SCIENCE(ACSSU112):Interactionsbetweenorganisms,includingthe
effectsofhumanactivitiescanberepresentedbyfoodchainsandfood
webs.
YEAR9SCIENCE(ACSSU176):Ecosystemsconsistofcommunitiesof
interdependentorganismsandabioticcomponentsof
the environment; matter andenergyflowthroughthesesystems.
SUSTAINABILITY(01.1):Thebiosphereisadynamicsystemproviding
conditionsthatsustainlifeonEarth.
FORMOREINFORMATION,pleasevisitwww.mygreenworld.org oremail
[email protected] togetintouchwithus.
Downloadourmobilegameapp,WorldoftheWild,andseehowyoucan
participateinvirtualwildlifeconservation.
VERTEBRATES &
INVERTEBRATES
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