Bibilography

161

BIBILOGRAPHY

Abdallah, O. M. (1993). Narcisine, an alkaloid from Narcissus tazetta.

Phytochemistry, 34: 1447-1448.

Abdul, R. A. and Hopper, W. (2010). Antibacterial activity of Artemisia nilagirica

leaf extracts against clinical and phytopathogenic bacteria. BMC

Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 10: 1472-6882-10-6.

Abdul, R, A. and Waheeta, H. (2010). Antibacterial activity of Artemisia nilagirica

leaf extracts against clinical and phytopathogenic bacteria. BMC

Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 10:6.

Abdulaziz, A., Al, A., Younes, M. R. (2010). Efficacy of some plant extracts against

Rhizoctonia solani on pea. Journal of Plant Protection Research Vol. 50:

3.

Abhishek, M., Ravinder, S., Sajad, Y., Aprajita, B., Satish, K., Verma1, Pradeep, B.,

Vinay, G., Prasad, G. B. K. S. and Dua, V. K. (2011). Antifungal activity of

some plant extracts against Clinical Pathogens. Advances in Applied

Science Research, 2: 260-264.

Abubacker, M., Ramanathan, N., Kumar, R., Senthil, T. (2008). In vitro antifungal

activity of Cassia alata Linn. flower extract. Natural product Radiance. 7:

6-9.

Abubakar, S., Qamar, U. A., Othman, A. S. and Muhammad, N. O. (2011).

Bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities of Andrographis paniculata extracts

on skin disease causing pathogenic bacteria. Journal of Medicinal Plants

id5843734 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com

Bibilography

162

Research, 5: 7-14.

Acamovic, T. and Brooker, J. D. (2005). Biochemistry of plant secondary

metabolites and their effects in animals. Proc. Nutr. Soc. 64: 403-412.

Adedapa, A. A., Jimoh, F. O., Afolayan, A. J.and Masika, P. J. (2009). Antioxidant

Properties of the Methanol Extracts of the Leaves and Stems of Celtis

Africana. Rec. Nat. Prod., 3: 23-31.

Adeloye, O. Adewale., Akinpelu, A. David., Ogundaini, O. Abiodun, Obafemi, A.

Craig. (2007). Studies on antimicrobial, antioxidant and phytochemical

analysis of Urena lobata Leave Extract. Journal of physical and Natural

sciences. 1: 2.

Adeniyi, B.A., Ajayi, O. and Koing, W.A. (2005). Essential oil composition of Piper

guineensa and its antimicrobial activity. Another Chemotype from Nigeria.

Phytother Res., 19: 362-364.

Ahmad, I. and Beg, A. Z. (2001). Antimicrobial and phytochemical studies on 45

Indian medicinal plants against multidrug resistant human pathogens.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 74: 113-123.

Ajao, A. O., Emele, F. and Femi-Onadeko, B. (1985). Antibacterial activity of

Euphorbia hirta L. Fitoterapia, 56: 165 - 167.

Akaneme, F. I. (2008). Identification and preliminary phytochemical analysis of

herbs that can arrest threatened miscarriage in Orba and Nsukka towns of

Enugu State. African Journal of Biotechnology, 7: 6-11.

Akinpelu, D.A. and Onakoya, T.M. (2006). Antimicrobial activities of medicinal

Bibilography

163

plants used in folklore remedies in south-western Africa. African journal of

Biotechnology, 5: 1078-1081.

Alagesaboopathi, C. (2011). Antimicrobial screening of selected medicinal plants in

Tamilnadu, India. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 5: 617-621.

Albert, K. (2004). On Line LC, NMR and Related Techniques. Wiley, New York.

Ali, M.S., Shameel, S., Ahmad, V.U. and Usmanghani, K. (1997). Chemical

constituents of Caesalpinia bonduc. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and

Industrial Research. 40: 1-4, 20-22., 20.

Almagboul, A. Z., Bashir, A. K., Farouk, A. and Salih, A. K. M. (1985).

Antimicrobial activity of certain Sudanese plants used in folkloric medicine.

Screening for antibacterial activity. Fitoterapia, 56: 331-337.

Amarquaye, A., Che, C., Bejar, E., Malone, M. H. and Fong, H. H. S. (1994). A new

glycolipid from Byrsonima crassifolia. Planta Medica. 60: 85-86.

Amos, A., Orisadipe, A., Binda, L. and Emeje M. (2002). Behavioural effects in

rodents of methyl angolensate: a tetranortripernoid isolated from

Entandrophragma angolense. Basic Clin. Pharm. Toxicol., 91: 71-76.

Anand Bafna and Shrihari Mishra. (2010). Antioxidant and immunomodulatory

activity of the alkaloidal fraction of Cissampelos pareira Linn. Scientia

Pharmaceutica, 78: 21-31.

Andriamihaja, B., Martin, M.T., Rasoanaivo, P. and Frappier, F. (2001). A new

diterpene from Hypoestes serpens. Journal of Natural Products, 64: 217-

218.

Bibilography

164

Anil-Srivastava., Shukla, Y.N., Jain, S.P., SushilKumar., Srivastava, A. and Kumar,

S. (1999). Chemistry, pharmacology and uses of Bixa orellana - a review.

Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O.CIMAP,

Lucknow-226 015, India.

Aniya, Y., Koyama, T., Miyagi, C., Miyahira, M., Inomata, C., Kinoshita, S. and

Ichiba, T. (2005). Free radical scavenging and hepatoprotective actions of the

medicinal herb, Crassocephalum crepidioides from the Okinawa Islands.

Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 28: 19-23.

Angeh, J. E. (2006). Isolation and characterization of antibacterial compounds

present in members of Combretum section, Hypocrateropsis. PhD Thesis.

University of Pretoria.

Anjana, S., Chandraker, S., Patel, V. K., and Padmini, R. (2009). Antibacterial

Activity of Medicinal Plants Against Pathogens causing Complicated

Urinary Tract Infections. Indian J Pharm Sci. 71: 136�139.

Anon. (1985). Pharmacopoeia of India. Government of India, New Delhi, Ministry

of Health and family welfare.

Anon. (1988). The Wealth of India, A Dictionary of Indian Raw Materials and

Industrial Products. Vol II, CSIR, New Delhi, India.., pp. 116-118.

Anon. (1992). The Useful Plants of India, (Publications and Information

Directorate, New Delhi).

Anon. (1998). Pesticide incidents up for 1996/97 compared with previous year.

Bibilography

165

International Pest Control, 40: 1�8.

Anyasor, G. N., Ogunwenmo, K. O., Ogunnowo, A. A. and Alao-Sanni, O. (2010).

Comparative antioxidant, phytochemical and proximate analysis of aqueous

and methanolic extracts of and Talinum triangulare. Pakistan Journal of

Nutrition, 9: 259-264.

Ao ChangWei., Li, A.P., Elzaawely, A. A., Xuan, T. D. and Tawata, S. (2008).

Evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Ficus microcarpa L.

fil. extract. Food Control, 19: 940-948.

Apparao, R. K. and Kaladhar, D. S. V. G. K. (2011). Evaluation of Antimicrobial

Activity of Mucuna Pruriens on Plant Pathogens. Asian Journal of

Biochemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2: 593-600.

Aqil, F., Ahmad, I. and Mehmood, Z. (2006). Antioxidant and Free Radical

Scavenging Properties of Twelve Traditionally Used Indian Medicinal

Plants. Turk. J. Biol., 30: 177-183.

Aquino, R., Caceres, A., Morelli, S. and Rastrelli, L. (2002). An extract of Tagetes

lucida and its phenolic constituents as antioxidants. Journal of Natural

Products, 65: 1773-1776.

Arash Rafat., Koshy Philip and Sekaran Muniandy. (2010). Antioxidant potential

and content of phenolic compounds in ethanolic extracts of selected parts of

Andrographis paniculata. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4: 197-

202.

Arora, D. and Kaur, J. (1999). Antimicrobial activity of spices. International

Bibilography

166

Journal Antimicrobial Agents, 12: 257-262.

Arruda, D. C., Felippi, R., Mantovani, I. S. B., Santos, G. B., Gabriel, F. T., Sa, A.

C. de., Fernandes, S. B. de O., Ribeiro-do-Valle, R. M., Menezes, F. S. and

Ckless, K. (2004). Antioxidant activity and dosage of phenolics of Euterpe

oleracea Mart extract. (acai). Revista Brasileira de Plantas Medicinais, 6:

5-10.

Artaud, J. and Iatrides, M. C. (1990). Sterol composition of Vernonia galamensis

seeds. Fitoterapia, 61: 378.

Artizzu, N.., Bonsignore, L.., Cottiglia, F. and Loy, G. (1995). Studies of the diuretic

and antimicrobial activity of Cynodon dactylon essencial oil. Fitoterapia,

66: 174-175.

Asase, A., Kokubun, T., Grayer, R. J., Kite, G., Simmonds, M. S., Oteng-Yeboah,

A. A. Odamtten, G. T. (2008). Chemical constituents and antimicrobial

activity of medicinal plants from Ghana: Cassia sieberiana, Haematostaphis

barteri, Mitragyna inermis and Pseudocedrela kotschyi. Phytother Res., 22:

1013-6.

Atal, C. K., Srivastva, T. B., Wali, B. K., Chakravarti, R. B., Dhawan, B. M. J. and

Rastogi, R. D. (1978J). Screening of Indian Plants for biological activity.

Ind. J. Exptl. Biol., 16: 230-349.

Atal, C. K. and Kapoor, B. M. (1989).Cultivation and utilization of medicinal

plants (Eds. PID CSIR).

Attar-ur-Rahman, Z. Haq, A. K., Anjum, S., Khan, M. R. and M. I. Choudhary.

(2002). Pregnane-type Steroidal Alkaloids of Sarcococca saligna: A New

Bibilography

167

Class of Cholinesterases Inhibitors. Helv. Chim. Acta, 85: 678.

Austin, A., Jegadeesan, M. and Gowrishankar, R. (2003). Antimicrobial activity of

Hemidesmus indicus var.indicus R. Br. against human isoloates of Helicobacter

pylori. Natural product sciences, 9: 1-3.

Ayurika, G., Prem, D., Archna, R., Prem, L. U. and Hartmut, L. (2011). Isolation,

Characterization and Antifungal Activity of Major Constituents of the

Himalayan Lichen Parmelia reticulata Tayl. J. Agric. Food Chem., 59:

2299�2307.

Azebaze, A. G. B., Dongmo, A. B., Meyer, M., Ouahouo, B. M. W., Valentin, A.,

Nguemfo, E. L., Nkengfack,, A. E. and Vierling, W. (2007). Antimalarial

and Vasorelaxant constituents of the leaves of Allanblackia monticola

(Guttiferae). Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 101: 23-30.

Aziz, Z. A., Davey, M. R., Power, J. B., Anthony, P., Smith, R. M. and Lowe, K. C.

(2007). Production of asiaticoside and madecassoside in Centella asiatica in

vitro and in vivo. Biologia Plantarum, 51: 34-42.

Babu, K. S., Srinivas, P. V., Praveen, B., Kishore, K. H., Murty, U. S. and Rao, J.

M. (2003). Antimicrobial constituents from the rhizomes of Rheum emodi.

Phytochemistry, 62: 203-207.

Babu, S., Satish, S., Mohana, D.C., Raghavendra, M.P. and Raveesha, K.A. (2007).

Antibacterial evaluation and phytochemical analysis of some Iranian

medicinal plants against plant pathogenic Xanthomonas pathovars. Journal

of Agricultural Technology, 3: 307-316.

Bibilography

168

Badam, L., Rao, T. L. G., Wagh, F. V. and Antarkar, A. D. (1988). Antimicrobial

activity of fresh leaf juice of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. Indian J.

Parasitol., 11: 13-14.

Badgujar, V. B. and Jain, P. S. (2010). Phytochemical analysis of the medicinal

plant: Helicteres isora. International Journal of PharmTech Research, 1:

1376-1377.

Bagyalakshmi, B., Sridhar, D. and Ponmurugan, P. (2009). Antimicrobial Activity

of Important Indian Medicinal Plants Against Pyogenic Infection. Journal of

Phytology, 1: 391�396.

Bahman, N. and Farideh, A. A. (2009). Screening of antioxidant properties of seven

umbelliferae fruits from Iran. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci., 22: 30-35.

Bahorun, T., Trotin, F., Pommery, J., Vasseur, J. and Pinkas, M. (1994). Antioxidant

activities of Crataegus monogyna extracts. Planta Medica, 60: 323-328.

Balasubramanian, A. and Vasanthakumari, R. (2004). In vitro antimycobacterial

activity of Indian medicinal plants used in respiratory diseases. National

seminar on New millennium strategies for quality, Safety & GMPS of

Herbal Drugs/products, NBRI, 146: 11-13:

Bandara, B. M. R., Kumar, N. S. and Samaranayake, K. M. S. (1990). An antifungal

constituent from the stem bark of Butea monosperma. Journal of

Ethnopharmocology, 25: 73-75.

Banu, B., Harun, O., Hanifi, K. and. Nilufer, S. (2010). Antimicrobial Activity of

Tulipa sintenisii. International Journal of Molecular Medicine and

Advance Sciences, 2: 31-33.

Baratto, M. C., Tattini, M., Galardi, C., Pinelli, P., Romani, A., Visioli, F., Basosi,

R. and Pogni, R. (2003). Antioxidant activity of galloyl quinic derivatives

Bibilography

169

isolated from lentiscus leaves. Free Radical Research. 37: 405-412.

Bargellini, G. B. (1919). Gazz. Chim. Ital., 49II: 47.

Barnard, C., Padgitt, M. and Uri, N. D. (1997). Pesticide use and its measurement.

International pest control, 39:161,164.

Barua, A. D., Baruah, J. N. and Shama, K. N. (1967). Journal and Proceedings of

the Institution of Chemists (India), 39: 111-14.

Basri, D. F. and Fan, S. H. (2005). The potential of aqueous and acetone extracts of

galls of Quercus infectoria as antibacterial agents. Indian journal of

pharmacology, 37: 26-29.

Bennett, R. N. and Wallsgrove, R. M. (1994). Secondary metabolites in plant

defence Mechanisms. New Phytol., 127: 617-633.

Benov, L. and Georgiev, N. (1994). The antioxidant activity of flavonoids isolated

from Corylus colurna. Phytotherapy Research, 8: 92-94.

Benzie, I.F.; Strain, J.J. (1996). The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a

measure of "antioxidant power": The FRAP assay. Anal. Biochem., 239: 70-

76.

Beri, R. M. (1970). Phytosterol in some plant materials. Indian Oil Soap J., 35:274.

Bhaskar, R. D., Ravi, K. Ch., Madhavi, Y., Koteswara, R. P. and Raghava, R. T.

(2009). Evaluation of antioxidant potential of Clitoria ternate L. and Eclipta

prostrate L. Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics, 46: 247-252.

Bibilography

170

Bhatnaagar, D. and McCormick, S. P. (1988). The inhibitory effect of neem

(Azadirachta indica) leaf extracts on aflatoxin synthesis in Aspergillus

parasiticus. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 65: 1166-1168.

Bhatt, D. J., Baxi, A. J. and Parikh, A. R. (1984). Chemical investigations of the

leaves of Sida rhombifolia Linn. Indian Chem. Soc., 60: 98.

Bhowmick, D. N. and Choudary, B. K. (1984). Antifungal activity of leaf extracts of

medicinal plants on Alternaria alternate (fr). Keissler. Indian. Bot. Reptr.,

1: 164-165.

Bhowmick. B.N. and Vardhan. V. (1982) Antifungal activity of some leaf extracts of

medicinal plants on Curvularia lunata. Indian Phytopathology, 34: 385-

386.

Biavati, B., Franzoni, S., Ghazvinizadeh, H., Piccaglia, R., Franz, C., Mathe, A. and

Buchbauer, G. (1997). Antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of plant

essential oils. Essential oils: basic and applied research. Proceedings of the

27th International Symposium on Essential Oils, Vienna, Austria, 326-

331.

Binayak, D., Chakravarty, A. K., Masuda, K., Suzuki, H. and Ageta, H. (1994). A

diterpenoid from roots of Gelonium multiflorum. Phytochemistry. 37:

1363-1366.

Borges, F. and Roleira, F. (2002). Progress towards the discovery of xanthine

oxidase inhibitors. Current Medicinal Chemistry, 9:195-217.

Braca, A. S., Ortino, C., and Politi, A. (2002). Antioxidant activity of flavonoids

from Licania licaniaeflora. J. Ethnopharmacol., 79: 379-381.

Bibilography

171

Braca, A., Tommasi, N., Bari, L. di., Pizza, C., Politi, M. and Morelli, I. (2001).

Antioxidant principles from Bauhinia tarapotensis. Journal of Natural

Products, 64: 892-895.

Braham, H., Mighri, Z., Jannet, H. B., Matthew, S. and Abreu P. M. (2005).

Antioxidant phenolic glycosides from Moricandia arvensis. Journal of

Natural Products, 68: 517-522.

Brian, G. S. (2001). A New Integrated Program for Natural Product Development

and the Value of an Ethnomedical Approach. The Journal of Alternative

and Complementary Medicine, 7: 61-72.

Briskin, D. P. (2000). Medicinal plants and phytomedicines. Linking plant

biochemistry and physiology to human health. Plant physiol., 124: 507-554.

Britto, A. J. D., Gracelin, D. H. S. and Sebastian, S. R. (2011). Antibacterial activity

of a few medicinal plants against Xanthomonas campestris and Aeromonas

hydrophila. Journal of Biopesticides, 4: 57 � 60.

Brunke, E. J., Hammer Schmidt, F. J., Abd el-Kawy, M. A., El-Kashoury, E. A., El-

Fishawy, A. M. and Soliman, F. M. (1991). Essential Oil and Fatty acids of

Haplophyllum tuberculatum (Forssk.) A. Juss. Herba Hung., 30: 34-40.

Budincevic, M., Vrbaski, Z., Turkulov, J. and Dimic, E. (1995). Antioxidative effect

of plant extracts on feed fats. Fett Wissenschaft Technologie, 97: 461-466.

Burapadaja, S. and Atchima, B. (1995). Department of Pharmaceutical Technology,

Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand. Planta Medica, 61:365-6.

Bibilography

172

Butler, M. S. (2004). The role of natural product chemistry in drug discovery.

Journal of Natural Products, 67: 2141-2153.

Bylka, W., Szaufer, H. M., Matalawska, I. and Goslinka, O. (2004). Antimicrobial

activity of isocytisoside and extracts of Aquilegia vulgaris L. Letters in

Applied Microbiology 39: 93-97.

Cai, Y., Luo, Q., Sun, M. and Corke, H. (2004). Antioxidant activity and phenolic

compounds of 112 traditional Chinese medicinal plants associated with

anticancer. Life Sci, 74: 2157-2184.

Cao, G. and Prior, R. L. (1999). The measurement of oxygen radical absorbance

capacity in biological samples. Methods Enzymol, 299: 50-62.

Carnat, A., Carnat, A. P., Fraisse, D., Ricoux, L. and Lamaison, J. L. (2004). The

aromatic and polyphenolic composition of Roman camomile tea.

Fitoterapia, 75: 32-38.

Cengarle, L., Carta, A., Tilloca, G. and Marceddu, M. F. (1998). Antioxidant

activity of a Sardinian propolis. Rivista-Italiana-delle-Sostanze-Grasse,

75: 551-557.

Cervato, G., Carabelli, M., Gervasio, S., Cittera, A., Cazzola, R. and Cestaro, B.

(2000). Antioxidant properties of oregano (Origanum vulgare) leaf extracts.

Journal of Food Biochemistry, 24: 453-465.

Cha BaeCheon., Lee EunHee. And. Noh MiAe. (2005). Antioxidant activity of

Spatholobus suberectus Dunn. Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy, 36:

Bibilography

173

50-55.

Chaboud, A., Rougny, A., Proliac, A., Raynaud, J. and Cabalion, P. (1995). A new

triterpenoid saponin from Polyscias fruticosa. Pharmazie. 50: 371.

Chandel, B. S., Shah, N. M. and Tripathi, R. M. (1993). In vitro antibacterial activity

of Acacia Arabica Bark. Indian journal of Indigenous medicines, 9: 77-

79.

Chang, I. S., Han, Y. B., Woo, W. S., Kang, S. S., Lotter, H. and Wagner, H. (1989).

Sapogenins from Melandrium firmum. Planta Medica, 55: 544-547.

Chantaporn, T. and Artiwan, S. (2011). Extraction of phenolics from Terminalia

chebula Retz with water�ethanol and water�propylene glycol and sugaring-

out concentration of extracts. Separation and Purification Technology, 77:

339-346.

Charng-Cherng Chyaua, Shu-Yao Tsaib, Pei-Tzu Kob and Jeng-Leun. (2002).

Antioxidant properties of solvent extracts from Terminalia catappa leaves.

Food Chemistry, 78: 483-488.

Chattopadhyay, R. R., Bhattacharyya, S. K., Medda, C., Bag, A. and Pal, N. K.

(2008). Evaluation of growth inhibitory activity of black myrobalan (Fruit of

Terminalia chebula Retz.) against uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Int. J.

Chem. Sci., 6: 1406-1414.

Chen, X. S., Chen, D., Si, J. Y., Tu, G. Z., Ma, L. B., Chen, X. S., Chen, D. H., Si,

J. Y., Tu, G. Z. and Ma, L. B. (2000). Studies on the chemical constituents

from the seeds of Aesculus wilsonii Rehd. Acta-Pharmaceutica-Sinica, 35:

198-200.

Bibilography

174

Cheng Z. J., Kuo, S. C., Chan, S. C., Ko, F. N., Teng, C. M., Cheng, Z. J., Kuo, S.

C., Chan, S. C., Ko, F. N. and Teng, C. M. (1998). Antioxidant properties of

butein isolated from Dalbergia odorifera. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta,

Lipids and Lipid Metabolism, 1392: 291-299.

Chisowa, E. H. (1997). Chemical composition of essential oils of three Eucalyptus

species grown in Zambia. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 9: 653-655.

Chopra, M. and Thurnham, D. I. (1993) In vitro antioxidant activity of lutein. In

Food and Cancer Prevention. Chemical and Biological Aspects. 125�129.

Chopra, R. N., Chopra, I. C., Handa, K. L. and Kapoor, L. D. (1993). Indigenous

drugs of India (Published by UN Dhar, Pvt. Ltd., Calcutta).

Chopra, R. N., Nayar, S. I. and Chopra, I. C. (1956). Glossary of Indian Medicinal

Plants (Published by CSIR, New Delhi).

Chopra, R. N., Nayer, S. L. and Chopra, I. C. (1992). �Glossary of Indian

Medicinal Plants�, 3rd Ed., Council of Scientific and Industrial Research,

New Delhi, 7-246.

Chung I.M., Yun, S.J., Kim, J.T., Gwag, J.G., Sung, J.D. and Suh, H.S. (1995). Test

of superoxide dismutase characteristics and antioxidant activity in perilla

leaves. Korean Journal of Crop Science, 40: 504-511.

Cohen, M. L. (1992). Epidemiology of drug resistance, implications for a

postantimicrobial era. Science, 257: 1050-1055,

Connolly, J. D. and Hill, R. A. (1992). Dictionary of Terpenoids. 1st Edition,

Chapman & Hall, London.

Bibilography

175

Cos, P., Vlietinck, A. J., Berghe, D. V. and Maes, L. (2006). Anti-infective potential

of natural products. How to develop a stronger in vitro �proof-of-concept�.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology 106: 290-302.

Couladis M, Tzakou, O., Verykokidou, E., Harvala, C. (2003). Screening of some

greek aromatic plants for antioxidant activity. Phytother Res., 17:194-5.

Coutinho, I. D., Coelho, R. G., Kataoka, V. M. F., Hondal, N. K., Silva, J. R. M.,

Vilegas, W. and Cardoso, C. A. L. (2009). Determination of phenolic

compounds and evaluation of antioxidant capacity of Campomanesia

adamantium leaves. Ecletica Quimica, 33: 53-60.

Cowan, M. M. (1999). Plant products as antimicrobial agents. Clin.Microbiol. Rev,

12: 564-582.

Dahikari, S. B., Bhutada, S. A., Tambekar, D. H., Vibhute1, S. K. and. Kasture, S.

B. (2011). In-vitro Antibacterial Efficacy of Solvent Extracts of Leaves of

Bauhinia racemosa Lam. (Caesalpiniaceae) Against Enteric Bacterial

Pathogens. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug

Research. 3: 32-34.

Dai, H.N., Ho, T. C. H., Le, M. H., Hansen, P. E. and Vang, O. (2008). Bioactivities

and chemical constituents of a Vietnamese medicinal plant Che Vang,

Jasminum subtriplinerve Blume (Oleaceae). Natural Product Research,

22: 942-949.

Dailey, L. A. and Imming, P. (1999). Lipoxygenase: Classification, possible

therapeutic benefits from inhibition and inhibitors. Current Medicinal

Chemistry, 6: 389-398.

Dapkevicus, A, Venskutonis, R., Van Beek, T. A. and Linssen, J. P. H. (1998).

Antioxidant activity of extract obtained by different isolation procedures

Bibilography

176

from some aromatic herbs grown in Lithuania. J. Sci Food Agric., 77: 140-

6.

Darokar, M. P., Mathur, A., Dwivedi, S., Bhalla R., Khanyna, S. P. S. and Kumar, S.

(1998). Detection of antibacterial activity in the floral petals of some higher

plants. Curr. Sci., 75: 187-189.

Darout, I., Cristy, A., Skaug, N. and Egeberg, P. (2000). Identification and

quantification of some potentially antimicrobial anionic components in

Miswak extract. Ind J Pharm., 32: 11-4.

Dash, B. K., Sultana, S. and Sultana, N. (2011). Antibacterial activities of Methanol

and Acetone extracts of fenugreek and coriander. Life sciences and

Medicine research, 27: 1-8.

Dash, G. K., Suresh, P., Sahu, S. K., Kar, D. M., Ganapathy, S. and Panda, S. B.

(2002). Evaluation of Evolvulus alsinoides Linn for anthelmintic and

antimicrobial activities. Journal of Natural Remedies, 292: 182-185.

Dash, S., Nath, L. K, Bhise, S. and Bhuyan. N. (2005). Antioxidant and

antimicrobial activities of Heracleum nepalense D Don root. Trop. J.

Pharm. Res., 4: 341-347.

Davis, P. H. (1982). Flora of Turkey and East Eagean Island. Edinburg, Edinburg

University Press. 7: 947.

D'-Auria, M., Mauriello, G. and Rana, G. L. (2004).Volatile organic compounds

from saffron. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 19: 17-23.

Bibilography

177

Debella, A., Haslinger, E., Schmid, M.G., Bucar, F., Michl, G., Abebe, D. and

Kunert. (2000). Triterpenoid saponins and sapogenin lactones from Albizia

gummifera. Phytochemistry, 53: 885-892.

Delgado, G., Socorro, O. M., Chavez, M.I., Ramirez, A.T., Linares, E., Bye, R. and

Espinosa, F. J. (2001). Antiinflammatory constituents from Heterotheca

inuloides. Journal of Natural Products, 64: 861-864.

Del-Rio, A. O. B. G., Castillo, J., Marin, R. R. and Ortuno, A. (1997). Uses and

properties of citrus flavonoids. J. Agric. Food Chem., 45: 4505-4515.

Deore, Sharada, L., Khadabadi, S. S., Bhagure, L. and Ghorpade, D. S. (2008). In

vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant studies on Enicostemma axillare (Lam.)

Raynal. Leaves. Natual product Radiance. 7: 409-412.

Desai, N. M., Gaikwad, D. K. and. Chavan, P.D. (2011). Antioxidant potential of

Morinda pubescens fruits. Journal of Pharmacy Research. 4: 829-831.

Deshpande, S., Shah, G. and Parmar, N. S. (2005). A preliminary study on

antimicrobial activity of Tephrosia purpurea. Indian Journal of Natural

products, 21: 33-34.

Desmarchelier, C., Coussio, J. and Ciccia, G. (1998). Antioxidant and free radical

scavenging effects in extracts of the medicinal herb Achyrocline satureioides

(Lam.) DC. ("marcela"). Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological

Research, 31: 1163-1170.

Dhanabal, S. P., John, S. G., Saritha, G. S. and Suresh, B. (1999). Preliminary

phytochemical and antimicrobial studies of Pogostemon speciosus Benth.

Indian Journal of Natural Products, 15: 23-25.

Bibilography

178

Dhar, M. L., Dhar, M. M., Dhawan, B. N., Mehrotra, B. N., Srimal, R. C. and

Tondon, J. S. (1973). Screening of Indian Plants for Biological Activity Part

IV. Ind. J. Expt. Biol., 11: 43-54.

Dhawan, B. N., Dubey, M. P., Mehrotra, B. N., Rastogi, R. P. and Tondon, J. S.

(1980). Screening of Indian plants for Biological Activity. Ind. J. Expt.

Biol., 18: 594-606

Digraki, M., Alma, M., Ilcim, A. and Sen, S. (1999). Antibacterial and antifungal

effects of various commercial plants extract. Pharmaceut Biol., 37: 216-20.

Dimitrios, B. (2006). A review on Sources of natural phenolic antioxidants. Trends

in Food Science & Technology, 17: 505-512.

Ding, G., Liu, Y. Z., Song, M. P., Zou, D. P., Sheng, L. S. (2001b). Polyphenols

from Terminalia chebula. Journal of China Pharmaceutical University.

2001-03.

Ding, G., Liu, Y., Lu, Y. and Longsheng, S. (2001a). Zhongguo Yaoke Daxue

Xuebao, 32: 333-335.

Dixit, M. and Trivedi, P. C. (2006). Plants and Plant, Products used in Gastric and

Duodenal Ulcers. Asian J. Exp. Sci., 20: 411-427.

Dorman, H. J. D. and Deans, S. G. (2000). Antimicrobial agents from plants.,

Antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J. Applied Microbiol., 88: 308-

316.

Doss, A., Mohammed Mubarack, H. and Dhanabalam, R. (2009). Antibacterial

activity of tannins from the leaves of Solanum trilobatum Linn. Indian

Journal of Science and Technology, 2: 2.

Bibilography

179

Dua, V.K., Ojha, V.P, Joshi, B.C., Roy, R., Valechac, N., Devi, C.U.,

Bhatnagar,M.C., Sharma, V.P. and Subbaroa, S.K. (2004). Antimalarial

activity of some xanthones isolated from the roots of Andrographis

paniculata. Journal of Ethanopharmocology, 95: 247-251.

Duraipandiyan, V. and Ignacimuthu, S. (2007). Antibacterial and antifungal activity

of Cassia fistula L.: An ethnomedicinal plant. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology, 113: 457-470.

Dzeroski, S., Schulze-Kremer, S., Heidtke, K. R., Siems, K., Wettschereck, D. and

Blockeel, H. (1998). Diterpene structure elucidation from 13 C NMR and

spectra with inductive logic programming. Applied Artificial Intelligence

12: 363-383.

Ebana, R. U. B., Madunagu, B. E., Ekpe, E. D. and Otung, I. N. (1991)

Microbiological exploitation of cardiac glycoside and alkaloids from

Garcinia kola, Borreria ocymoides, Kola nitida and Citrus aurantifolia.

Journal of Applied Biotechnology, 71: 398 � 401.

Ebata, N., Nakajima, K., Taguchi, H. and Mitsuhashi, H. (1990). Isolation of new

saponins from the root of Bupleurum falcatum L. Chemical and

Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 38: 1432-1434.

Ehsan, K., Hawa, Z. E. J. and Sahida, A. (2011). Phenolics and flavonoids profiling

and antioxidant activity of three varieties of Malaysian indigenous medicinal

herb Labisia pumila Benth. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 5:

1200-1206.

Ekramul Islam, M., Ekramul Haque, M. and Mosaddik, M. A. (2004). Cytotoxicity

Bibilography

180

and antibacterial activity of Sida rhombifolia (Malvacea) grown in

Bangladesh. Phytotherapy Research, 17: 973-975

Elizabeth, K. M (2005). Antimicrobial activity of Terminalia Bellerica. Indian

Journal of clinical biochemistry, 20: 150-153.

Elizabeth, M., Adrien, S. J. and David, W. W. (2001). Journal of Clinical

Microbiology, 37:1480-1483.

El-Mannoubi, I., Barrek, S., Skanji, T. and Zarrouk, H. (2010). Antioxidant

activities and HPLC/UV/MS characterization of flavonoid extracts from

Opuntia ficus indica seeds and peels. Acta Horticulturae, 853: 189-198.

Eloff, J. N. (1998a). Conservation of Medicinal Plants, Selecting Medicinal Plants

for research and gene banking. Monographs in systematic Botany form the

Missouri Garden, 71: 209-222.

Eloff, J. N. (1998b). Which extractant should be used for the screening and isolation

of antimicrobial components from plants? Journal of Ethnopharmacology,

60: 1-8.

Eloff, J. N. (1999). The antibacterial activity of 27 southern African members of the

combretaceae. S. Afr. J. Sci., 95: 148-152.

Eloff, J. N. (2004). Quantification the bioactivity of plant extracts during screening

and bioassay guided fractionation. Phytomedicine, 11: 370-371.

Ergene, A., Gulerm, P., Tan, S., Mirici, S., Hamzaoglu, E. and Duran, A. (2006).

Antibacterial and antifungal activity of Heracleum sphondylium subsp.

arvinense. Afr. J. Biotechnol., 5:1087-1089.

Eugene Sebastian J. Nidiry, Girija Ganeshan and A.N. Lokesha. (2011). Antifungal

Bibilography

181

activity of some extractives and constituents of Aloe vera. Research Journal

of Medicinal Plant 5: 196-200.

Evans, J. S., Pattison, E. and Morris, F. (1986). Antimicrobial agents from plant cell

culture, In: secondary metabolites in plant cell culture. Edited by Morris

P, Scraggs A, Stafford A, Fowler M (Cambridge University, London).

Faizi, S., Siddiqui, B. S., Saleem, R., Siddiqui, S., Aftab, K. and Gilani, A. H.

(1994). Isolation and structure elucidation of new nitrile and mustard oil

glycosides from Moringa oleifera and their effect on blood pressure. Journal

of Natural Products, 57: 1256-1261.

Farnsworth, N. R. and Bingel, A. S. (1997). Problems and prospects of discovery

new drugs from higher plants by pharmacological screening. In., Wagner,

H., Wolf, P., (eds). New natural products and drugs with pharmacological,

biological and therapeutical activity, Springer Verlag, Berlin 1-22.

Farzaneh, M., Ghorbani, G., Ghorbani, M. and Hadian, J. (2006). Composition and

Antifungal activity of essential oil of Artemisia sieberi Bess. on Soil-Borne

phytopathogens. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9: 1979-1982.

Fatnassi, S., Chatti, S., Nehdi, I. E. and Zarrouk, H. (2010). Chemical composition,

phenolic profile and antioxidant activity of Maclura pomifera (Rafin.)

Schneider seeds oil. Acta Horticulturae, 853: 383-390.

Fawole, O. A., Ndhlala, A. R., Amoo, S. O., Finnie, J. F. and Staden, J. van. (2009).

Anti-inflammatory and phytochemical properties of twelve medicinal plants

used for treating gastro-intestinal ailments in South Africa. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology, 123: 237-243.

Fazly Bazzaz, B. S. and G. Haririzadeh. (2003). Screening of Iranian plants for

Bibilography

182

antimicrobial activity. Pharm. Biol., 41: 573-583.

Feher, J., Lengyel, G. and Blazovics, A. (1998). Oxidative stress in the liver and

biliary tract diseases. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology, 33: 38-

46.

Feri, B., England, L. and Ames, B. N. (1989). Ascorbate is an outstanding

antioxidant in human blood plasma. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 86: 6377-6381.

Folkman, J. (2000). Tumor Angiogenesis, In., Holland JF and Frei III, E. (eds),

Cancer Medicine (5�th edn), B. C. Decker Inc., London.

Froelich, S., Siems, K., Hernandez, M. A., Ibarra, R. A., Berendsohn, W. G. and

Jenett-Siems, K. (2006). Phenolic glycosides from Exostema mexicanum

leave. Pharmazie, 61: 641-644.

Fujimoto, Y., Zhang, X. X., Kirisawa, M., Uzawa, J. and Sumatra, M. (1990). New

flavones from Artocarpus communis Forst. Chemical and Pharmaceutical

Bulletin, 38: 1787-1789.

Fukuyama, Y., Otoshi, Y., Kodama, M., Hasegawa, T., Okazaki, H. and Nagasawa,

M. (1989). Novel neurotrophic sesquiterpene-neolignans from Magnolia

obovata. Tetrahedron Letters, 30: 5907-5910.

Fundter, J. M. (1992). Terminalia chebula Retz. In Lemmens, R. H. M. J. &

Wulijarni, Soetjipto, N. (Eds.): Plant Resources of South, East Asia. Dye and

tannin producing plants, 3: 122-125.

Fyhrquist, P., Mwasumbi, L., Haeggstrom, C. A., Vuorela, H., Hilturen, V. R. and

Vuorela, P. (2005). Antifungal activity of selected species of Terminalia,

Bibilography

183

collected from Tanzania. Pharmaceutical Biology, 42: 308-317.

Galal, A. M., Abourashed, E. A., Ross, S. A., El-Sohly, M. A., Al-Said, M. S. and

El-Feraly, F. S. (2001). Daucane sesquiterpenes from Ferula hermonis.

Journal of Natural Products, 64: 399-400

Gao, J. C., Zhang, J. C., Lu, Z. J, Zhu, G. Y, Yang, M.S. and Xiao, P. G (2006).

Chemical constituents of Actaea asiatica Hara and their anti-osteoporosis

activities. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 34: 710-713.

Gao, J., Igalashi, K., Nukina, M. and Gao, J. J. (1999). Radical scavenging activity

of phenylpropanoid glycosides in Caryopteris incana. Bioscience

Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 63: 983-988.

Garg, S. C. and Kasera, H. L. (1985). Antibacterial activity of the essential oil of

Anacardium occidentale Linn. Indian perume, 28: 95-97.

Gayathri, P. and Uma, D. (2009). Antioxidant properties of Chlorophytum

borivillianum. Madras Agricultural Journal, 96: 50-54.

Geidam, Y. A., Ambali, A. G. and Onyeyili, P. A. (2007). Preliminary

phytochemical and antibacterial evaluation of crude aqueous extract of

Psidium guajava leaf. Journal of Applied Sciences, 7: 511-514.

Geissman, T. A. (1962). The chemistry of flavonols compounds. Pergamon press,

London.

Genest, S., Kerr, C., Shah, A., Rahman, M. M., Saif-e-Naser, G. M. M., Nigam, P.,

Nahar, L. and Sarker, S. D. (2008). Comparative bioactivity studies on two

Mimosa species. Boletin Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas

Medicinales y Aromaticas. 7: 38-43.

Bibilography

184

George, J., Ravishankar, G. A., Keshava, N. Udayasankar, K. (1999). Antibacterial

activity of supercritical extract from Decalepis hamiltonii roots. Fitoterapia.

70: 172-174.

Ghoshal, S., Madhumita, J. M. and Anitha, M. (2001). Clastogenic effects of dietary

supplement, Spirulina alga, and some medicinal plant products from

Boswellia serrata, Withania somnifera on mice. Indian Journal of

Experimental Biology, 39: 1068-1070.

Ghzali, R. A. and Waring, R. H. (1999). The effects of flavonoids on human

phenolsuphotransferases. Potenial in drug metabolism and chemoprevention,

Life Sciences, 65: 1625-1632.

Gilani, A. H. and Rahman, A. U. (2005). Trends in Ethnopharmacology. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology, 100: 43-49.

Girish, H. V. and Satish, S. (2008). Antibacterial activity of Important medicinal

plants on Human pathogenic bacteria-a comparative analysis. World

Applied Sciences Journal, 5: 267-271.

Gomes, M. F., Silva, V. T. B., Laverde Junior, A. and Takemura, O. S. (2008).

Evaluation of antioxidant activity of leaves extract of Bixa orellana

(Bixaceae) and Maytenus ilicifolia (Celastraceae). Arquivos de Ciencias da

Saude da UNIPAR. 12: 169-173.

Goodyear, K. L and Threlfall, E. J. (2004). Use of veterinary antimycotic products in

the UK. 1998-2002. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 24: 311-314.

Grabley, S. and Thiericke, R. (1999). �Drug Discovery from Nature�. London:

Springer. pp. 5�7.

Bibilography

185

Grampurohit, N. D. (1986). Gallic acid from myrobalans. Indian Journal of

Natural Products, 2:10�11.

Griggs, J. K., Manandhar, N. P., Towers, G .H. N. and Taylor, R .S. L. (2002). The

effect of storage on the biological activity of medicinal plants from Nepal.

Journal of Ethnopharmocology, 77: 247-252.

Guntner, C., Barra, C., Cesio, M. V., Dellacassa, E., Ferrando, L., Ferreira, F.,

Garcia, C., Gonzalez, G., Heinzen, H., Lloret, A., Lorenzo, D., Menendez,

P., Paz, D., Soule, S., Vazquez, A. and Moyna, P. (1999). Antioxidant

properties of Solidago chilensis L. flavonoids. Acta Horticulturae, 501:

159-163.

Gupta, S., Choudhary M. A., Yadava J. N. S., Srivastava, V.and Tandon, J. S.

(1990). Antidiarrhoeal activity of diterpenes of Andrographis paniculata

(Kalmegh) against Escherichia coli enterotoxin in in vivo models. Int. J. of

Crude Drug Res., 28: 273-283.

Gupta, C. and Singh, V. P. (1982). In-vitro antifungal effect of essential oil of some

medicinal plants. Sci. Cult., 48: 441-443.

Gupta, V. C. (2003). Biodiversity and sustainable use of medicinal plants. National

seminar on new millenium strategies for Quality, Safety & GMPs of Herbal

Drugs/Products, NBRI, Lucknow. 106: 11-13.

Guvenc, A., Houghton, P. J., Duman, H., Coskun, M. and Sahin, P. (2005).

Antioxidant activity studies on selected Sideritis species native to Turkey.

Pharmaceutical Biology, 43: 173-177.

Habtemariam, S. (2007). Antioxidant activity of knipholone anthrone. Food

Chemistry, 102: 1042-1047.

Bibilography

186

Hagymasi, K., Blazovics, A., Lugasi, A., Kristo, S. T., Feher, J. and Kery, A.

(2000). In vitro antioxidant evaluation of dandelion (Taraxacum officinale

web.) water extracts. Acta Alimentaria, 29: 1-7. 25.

Halliwell, B. (1996). Oxygen radicals, nitric oxide and human inflammatory joint

disease. Ann. Rheum.Dis., 54: 505-510.

Halliwell, B. and Gutteridge, J. B. (1990). The antioxidants of human extracellular

fluids. Arch. Biochem. Biophys, 280: 1-8.

Han, Y. F., Gao, K. and Jia, Z. J. (2005). Two new nortriterpenes from Ligularia

tongolensis. Chemistry Letters, 34: 892-893.

Harborne, J. B. (1998). Phytochemical methods: A guide to modern techniques of

plant analysis. 3rd edition. Chapman & Hall Pub. London, UK.

Harper, S. H. (1939). Journal of chemical Society. 1099.

Hassani, L. M. I. and El-Hadek, M. (1999). Analysis of the seed oil of Peganum

harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae) from Morocco. Acta Botanica Gallica, 146:

353-359.

He, Z.D., Lau, K.M., Xu, H.X., Li, P.C. and But, P.H. (2000). Antioxidant activity

of phenylethanoid glycosides from Brandisia hancei. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology, 71: 483-486. 10.

Hess, S. C., Brum, R. L., Honda, N. K., Cruz, A. B., Moretto, E., Cruz, R. B.,

Messana, I., Ferrari, F., Cechinel Filho, V. and Yunes, R. A. (1995).

Antibacterial activity and phytochemical analysis of Vochysia divergens

(Vochysiaceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 47: 97-100.

Bibilography

187

Hinneburg, I., Damien, D. H. J. and Hiltunen, R. (2006). Antioxidant activities of

extracts from selected culinary herbs and spices. Food Chem, 97: 122-129.

Ho, C., Chen, J., Lu, G., Huang, M., Shao,Y ., Chin, C., Ho, C. T., Chen, J. H., Lu,

G.Y., Huang, M. T., Shao,Y., Chin, C. K., Shibamoto, T .(ed.)., Terao, J

(ed.).and Osawa, T. (1998). Antioxidative and antitumorigenic properties of

rosemary. Functional foods for disease prevention II: medicinal plants and

other foods. 702: 153-161.

Hoffman, B. R., Delas alas, H., Blanco, K., Wiederhold, N., Lewis, R. E. and

Williams, L. (2005). Screening of antibacterial and antifungal activities of

ten medicinal plants from Ghana. Pharmaceutical Biology, 42: 13-17.

Hoffman, D. L. (1987). The Herb User�s Guide. Wellingborough, UK: Thorsons

Publishing Group.

Hollman, P. C. H., Hertog, M. G. L. and Katan, M. B. (1996). Analysis and health

effects of flavonoids. Food Chemistry, 57: 43-46.

Hossain, M. M., Paul, N., Sohrab, M. H., Rahman, E. and Rashid, M A. (2002).

Antibacterial activity of Vitex trifolia. Fitoterapia, 72: 695-697.

Hui, T. C., Ying, H. C., Chi, L. W., Shang, T. C., Tun, T. C., Yu, C. S. (2008).

Antifungal activity of essential oil and its constituents from Calocedrus

macrolepis var. formosana Florin leaf against plant pathogenic fungi.

Bioresource Technology, 99: 6266�6270.

Humpf, H. U. (2002). CD spectroscopy as a powerful tool for the stereochemical

assignment of carotenoid derived aroma compounds. Carotenoid-Derived

Bibilography

188

Compounds, ACS Symposium. American Chemical Society, Washington

DC, pp 56.

Hwang, J. K., Shim, J. S. and Chung, J. Y. (2004). Anticariogenic activity of some

tropical medicinal plants against Streptococcus mutans. Fitoterapia, 75:

596-8.

Ibrahim, O. and Osman, H. (1995). Antimicrobial activity of Cassia alata.

J. Ethnopharmacol., 45: 151-156.

Ikram, M. and Inamul, H. (1984). Screening of medicinal plants for antimicrobial

activities. Fitoterapia, 55: 62-64.

Ilias, M., El-Sayed, K. A., Mossa, J. S., Al-Said, M. S., El-Feraly, F. S., Clark, A.

M., Hufford, C. D., Oh, S. and Mayer, A. M. S. (2000). Bioactive 12-

oleanene triterpene and secotriterpene acids from Maytenus undata. Journal-

of-Natural-Products, 63: 605-610.

Irawan, W. K., Harlinda, K., Enos, T. A., Farida. A., Yu-Hong, M., Jin-Sook, K.,

Yong-ung, K. (2011). Biological Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of

Three Indonesian Medicinal Plants, Murraya koenigii, Syzygium polyanthum

and Zingiber purpurea. Journal of Acupuncture and MeridianStudies,

4:75-79.

Islam, M. J., Barua, S., Das, S., Khan, M. S. and Ahmed, A. (2008). Antibacterial

activity of Some Indigenous Medicinal Plants. J. Soil. Nature., 2:26-28.

Islam, M. R., Hossain, M. K., Bahar, M. H. and Ah, M. R. (2004). Identification of

the causal agent of leaf spot of betelnut an in vitro evaluation of fungicides

Bibilography

189

and plant extracts against it. Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 7: 1758-1761.

Ivanova, E. and Ivanov, B. (2000). Mechanisms of the extracellular antioxidant

defend. Experimental Pathology and Parasitology, 4: 49-59.

Iwu, M. W., Duncan, A. R. and Okunji, C. O. (1999). New antimicrobials of plant

origin. In., Janick J (editor), Perspectives on new crops and new uses.

ASHS Press. Alexandria, pp. 457-462.

Iwu, M. M., Unaeze, N. C., Okunji, C. O., Corley, D. G., Sanson, D. R. and

Tempesta, M. S. (1991). Antibacterial aromatic isothiocyanates from the

essential oil of Hippocratea welwitschii roots. International Journal of

Pharmacognosy, 29: 154-158.

Izzo, A.A., Di Carlo, G., Biscardi, D., Fusco, R., Mascolo, N., Borreli, F., Capasso,

F., Fasulo, M.P. and Autore, G. (1995). Biological screening of Italian

medicinal plants for antibacterial activity. Phytother. Res., 9: 281-286.

Jagtap, A. G. and Karkera, S. G. (1999). Potential of the aqueous extract of

Terminalia chebula as an anticaries agent. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,

68: 299-306.

Jakus, V. (2000). The role of free radicals, oxidative stress and antioxidant systems

in diabetic vascular disease, Brastisl Lek Listy, 101: 541-551.

Jamuna, B. A., Ravishankar R. V. and Pradeepa, V. S (2011). Evaluation of the

antimicrobial activity of three medicinal plants of South India. Malaysian

Journal of Microbiology, 7: 14-18.

Jang, D. S., Han, A. R., Park, G., Jhon, G. J. and Seo-Eun.K . (2004). Flavonoids

and aromatic compounds from the rhizomes of Zingiber zerumbet. Archives

of Pharmacal Research., 27: 386-389.

Bibilography

190

Jaspal, S. and Tripathi, N. N. (1993). Efficacy of plant extracts against Fusarium

oxysporum f. sp. lentis on Lens esculenta. J. Indian bot. Soc., 72: 51-53.

Jayachandran, R., Xavier, R. F. and Anand, S. P. (2003). Antibacterial activity of

stem extracts of Tinospora codifolia (Willd). Hool.f & Thomson. Ancient

science of life, 23: 40-43.

Jayshree D. P. and Vipin, K. (2008). Annona squamosa L.: Phytochemical analysis

and Antimicrobial Screening. Journal of pharmacy research, Vol.1.Issue

1.

Jayasinghe, U. L. B., Jayasooriya, C. P., Bandara, B. M. R., Ekanayake, S. P.,

Merlini, L. and Assante, G. (2002). Antimicrobial activity of some Sri

Lankan Rubiaceae and Meliaceae. Fitoterapia, 73: 424-427.

Jeevanram, A., Md. Bhakshu, L. and Venkata raju, R. R. (2005). In vitro

antimicrobial activity of certain medicinal plants from Eastern Ghats, India,

used for skin diseases. Journal of Ethnopharmocology, 90: 353-357.

Jenner, P. (1994), Oxidative damage in neurodegenerative disease. Lancet, 344:

796-798.

Jha, D.K. (2011). Antidermatophytic and Antioxidant Activity of Terminalia arjuna

(roxb.) Wight & Arn. Bark. International journal of pharmaceutical and

bIological archive, 2: 3.

Jiang, Y., Wang, Y. and Yan, X. (2000). Chinese pharmaceutical companies, an

emerging industry, Drug Discov. Today, 6: 610�612.

Bibilography

191

Jigna Parekh and Sumitra Chanda. (2008). Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of

Terminalia chebula Retz. Fruit in Different Solvents. Journal of Herbs,

Spices & Medicinal Plants, 13: 107-116.

Jimoh, F. O., Sofidiya, M. O. and Afolayan, A. J. (2007). Antioxidant properties of

the methanol extracts from the leaves of Paullinia pinnata. Journal of

Medicinal Food, 10: 707-711.

Jin LiHua., Han SangSup and Choi YongSoon. (2002). Antioxidant effects of the

extracts of Acanthopanax senticosus. Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy,

33: 359-363.

Jose, J. K. and Kuttan, R. (1995). Antioxidant activity of Emblica officinalis.

Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition, 19: 63-70.

Juliana, B. P., Valdir, C. F., Vania, F. N., Mara, R. K., Sartori, D. E. B. I., and

Alexandre, B. C. (2004). Antimicrobial Activity of Fractions and

Compounds from Calophyllum brasiliense (Clusiaceae/Guttiferae). Z.

Naturforsch., 59: 657-662.

Jun,W.J., Han, B.K., Yu, K.W., Kim, M.S., Chang, I.S., Kim, H.Y. and Cho,

H.Y. (2001). Antioxidant effects of Origanum majorana L. on superoxide

anion radicals. Food Chemistry, 75: 439-444.

Jung, C. M., Hwan, E. J., Kwon, H. C., Kim, S. Y., Bae, K. H., Zee, O. P. and Lee,

K. R. (1999). Antioxidative flavonoids from Hypericum erectum. Korean-

Journal-of-Pharmacognosy, 30: 196 -201.

Jung, K. Y., Kim, D. S., Park, S. H., Lee, I. S., Oh-Sei, R., Lee, J .J., Kim, E. H.,

Cheong, C. J., Lee, H. K., Jung, K. Y., Kim, D. S., Park, S. H., Lee, I. S., Oh,

R. R., Lee, J. J., Kim, E. H., Cheong, C. J. and Lee, H. K. (1998). 5 alpha, 7

alpha(H)-6,8-cycloeudesma-1beta,4beta-diol from the flower buds of

Bibilography

192

Magnolia fargesii. Phytochemistry, 48: 1383-1386.

Kaefer, C. M. and Milner, J. A. (2008). The role of herbs and spices in cancer

prevention. J. Nutr. Biochem., 19: 347-361.

Kamil, M., Ahmad, F., Jayaraj, A.F., Gunasekhar, C., Thomas, S., Habibullah, M.

and Chan, K. (1999). Pharmacognostical and phytochemical studies on

Salvadora persica L. Hamdard-Medicus, 42: 64-75.

Kandil, F. E., Soliman, A. M., Skodack, S. R. and Mabry, T. J. (1999). A new

anticancer tannin and known tannins from Terminalia catapa. Asian J.

Chem., 11: 1001-1004.

Kannan, S. and Venkatakrishnan, V. (2002). Antibacterial activity of Phyllanthus

amarus. Bionotes, 4: 40.

Kapoor, A., Mahor, R., Vaishampayam, N. and Gautam, N. (1981). Antifungal

spectrum of some petal extracts. Geobios (Jhodpur), 8: 66-67.

Karappusamy, S., Rajasekaran, K. M. and Karmegam, K. (2002). Evaluation of

phytomedicines from street herbal vendors in Tamil Nadu, south India.

Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge, 1: 26-39.

Karou, D., Savadogo, A., Canini, A., Yameogo, S., Montesano, C., Simpore, J.,

Colizzi, V., Traore, A. S. (2005).Antibacterial activity of alkaloids from Sida

acuta. African Journal of Biotechnology, 4: 1452-1457.

Kasatkar, P. A. and Jadhav, B. L. (2009). Antimicrobial screening and

phytochemical analysis of mangrove species Acanthus ilicifolius.

Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia, 4: 633-638.

Katalinic, V.; Milos, M.; Kulisic, T.; Jukic, M. (2006). Screening of 70 medicinal

Bibilography

193

plant extracts for antioxidant capacity and total phenols. Food Chem., 94:

550-557.

Katerere, D. R. and Eloff, J. N. (2004). Variation in the chemical composition,

antibacterial and anti-oxidant activity of fresh and dried Acacia leaf extrats,

South African Journal of Botany, 70: 303-305.

Kaur, C. and Kapoor, H. C. (2002). Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of

some Asian vegetables. International Journal of Food Science and

Technology, 37: 153-161.

Kaur, MohinderThakur, YogitaThakur, MunishChand and Romesh. (2006).

Antimicrobial properties of Heracleum candicans Wall. Indian Journal of

Natural Products and Resources, 5: 25-28

Kavitha, D., Shilpa, P.N. and Devaraj, S.N. (2004). Antibacterial and antidiarrhoeal

effect of alkaloids of Holarrhene antidysenterica wall. J.Exp- Biol., 42: 589-

94.

Khalaf, N. A., Shakya, A. K., Al-Othman, A., El-Agbar, Z. and Farah, H. (2008).

Antioxidant activity of some common plants. Turkish Journal of Biology,

32: 51-55.

Khaleque, A. and Nizamuddin, M. (1972). Bangladesh Counc. Sci. Ind. Res. Lab:

Dacca, Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Biological and Agricultural

Sciences, 1: 59-63.

Khan, F. Z., Saeed, M. A., Chaudary, A. R. and Ismail, M. (1994). Biological

studies of Indigenious medicinal plants. III phytochemical and antimicrobial

Bibilography

194

studies on the Non-alkaloidal constituents of some solanaceous fruits.

Journal of Faculty of pharmacy of Gazi University, 10: 105-116.

Khan, I. U., Asghar, M. N., Sadaf Iqbal., Bokhari, T. H. and Zaheer,D. K. (2009).

Radical scavenging and antioxidant potential of aqueous and organic extracts

of aerial parts of Litchi chinensis Sonn. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 21:

5073-5084.

Khandelwal, K. R., Kadam, S. S. and Singhania, S. S. (1999). Antibacterial activity

of leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. Indian Journal of Natural

Products. 15: 18-20.

Kher, H N., Dave, M.R. and Dholakia, P. M. (1984). In vitro antibacterial activity of

chloroform extract of Azadirachta indica leaves. Gujvet, 13: 17-19.

Kilani, A. M. (2006). Antibacterial assessment of whole stem bark of Vitex doniana

against some enterobactriaceae. African Journal of Biotechnology 5: 958-

959.

Kim, H. G., Cho, J. H., Jeong, E. Y., Lim, J. H., Lee, S. H. and Lee, H. S. (2006).

Growth-inhibiting activity of active component isolated from Terminalia

chebula fruits against intestinal bacteria. J Food Prot., 69: 2205-9.

Kim, J. S., Lee, G.D., Kwon, J.H. and Hyun, S.Y. (1993). Dep. Food Sci. Technol.,

Kyungpook Natl. Univ., Taegu, S. Korea. Han'guk Nonghwa Hakhoechi,

36: 239-43.

Kirby, G. C. (1996). Medicinal plants and the control of parasites. Trans. Roy. Soc.

Trop. Med. Hyg. 90: 605-609.

Bibilography

195

Kishore, N. and Dwivedi, R. S. (1992). Nepeta oil, a potential fungitoxic factor

against damping, off pathogens. J. Indian Bot. Soc., 71: 43-45

Koleva, H., van Beek, T. A. and Lissen, J. P. (2002). Screening of plants extract for

antioxidant activity: a comparative study on 3 testing methods.

Photochemical analysis, 13: 8-17.

Konda, Y., Urano, M., Harigaya, Y., Takayanagi, H., Ogura, H., Li, X., Lou, H. X.

and Onda, M. (1990). Novel triterpenes, hancolupenone and hancolupenol,

from Cynanchum hancokianum. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin,

38: 2899-2901.

Koteswara, R. P., Varaprasad, B., Bhaskar, R. D., Ravi, K. CH., Raghava, R.K.V.

and. Raghava, R. T. (2008). Total antioxidant power and free radical

scavenging capacity of some medicinal plants. Biosciences, Biotechnology

Research Asia, 5: 837-840.

Krinsky, N. I. (1992), Mechanism of action of biological antioxidants. Proc. Soc.

Exp. Biol. Med, 200: 248-254.

Krishna Kishore, G. and Suresh, P. (2005). Integrated management of the late leaf

spot and rust disease of groundnut with Prosopis leaf extract and

chlorothalonil. International journal of pest management, 51: 327-334.

Krishnaraju, A.V., Rao, T.V.N. and Sundararaju D. (2005). Assessment of

bioactivity of Indian medicinal plants using Brine shrimp (Artemia salina)

lethality assay. Int. J. Appl. Sci Eng., 2: 125-134.

Krishna, A. V. L. N. R., Vineela, P. A. J. and Kumar, A. R. (2009). Phytochemical

screening analysis of plant species Tecoma stans and Caesalpinia

Bibilography

196

pulcherrima. International Journal of Chemical Sciences, 7: 1435-1438.

Krishnaiah, D., Devi, T., Bono, A. and Sarbatly, R. (2009). Studies on

phytochemical constituents of six Malaysian medicinal plants. Journal of

Medicinal Plants Research, 3: 67-72.

Kuar, M., Thakur, Y., Thakur, M. and Chand, R. (2006). Antimicrobial properties of

Heracleum candicans Wall. Nat. Prod. Radiance, 5:25-28.

Kubo, L., Muroi, H. and Himejima, M. (1993). Structure, antibacterial activity

relationships of anacardic acids. J. Agri. Food Chem., 41: 1016-1019.

Kulkarni, R. D. (1997). Priniciples of pharmacology on Ayurveda, (Ram Sangram

Graphics Mumbai).

Kumar, K. and Bhatnagar, S. P. (2005). Indian Pharmacist (New Delhi, India), 4:

69-72.

Kumar, V. P., Chauhan, N.S., Padh, H. and Rajani, M. (2006). Search for

antibacterial and antifungal agents from selected Indian medicinal plants. J

Ethnopharmacol., 107: 182-188.

Kundu, A. and Mahato, S. B. (1993). Triterpenoids and their glycosides from

Terminalia chebula. Phytochemistry, 32: 999-1002.

Kuroyanagi, M., Ebihara, T., Tsukamoto, K., Fukushima, S., Ishizeki, C. and Satake,

M. (1987). Screening of antibacterial constituents of crude drugs and plants.

J. Pharmaco-bio-Dyn., 8: 62.

Bibilography

197

Lakshmayya., Meenakshi, S., Pramod, K., Sreenivasulu, N., Setty, S. R., Sharma, M.

and Kumar, P. (2000). Preliminary phytochemical, anti-inflammatory and

antibacterial activity of the leaves of Butea monosperma. Indian Journal of

Natural Products. 16: 22-24.

Lawless, J. (1995). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Essential Oils. Shaftesbury,

UK: Element Books Ltd.

Leboritz, R. L., Zhang, H., Vogel, H., Catwright, J. jr., Dionne, L., Lu, N., Husang,

S. and Matzk, M. M. (1996). Neurodegeneration, myocardial injury and

perinatal death in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase-deficient mice. Proc.

Natl. Acad. Sci., 93: 9782-9787.

Ledezma, E. and Apitz, C. R. (2006). Ajoene the main active compound of Garlic

(Allium sativum): a new antifungal agent. Revista Iberoamericana de

Micologia, 23: 75-80.

Lee JongChul; Kirn YoungHoi; Choi YoungHyun; Ahn DaeJin (1996). Agronomic

factors affecting root yield and essential oil contents of Valeriana fauriei var.

dasycarpa Hara and V. officinalis L. in Korea. Acta Horticulturae. 426:

525-536.

Lee, M.W., Lee,Y.A., Park, H.M., Toh, S.H., Lee, E.J., Jang, H.D. and

Kim,Y.Ho. (2000). Antioxidative phenolic compounds from the roots of

Rhodiola sachalinensis A. Bor. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 23:

455-458.

Lee, S.S., Lin, M.T., Liu, C.L., Lin, Y.Y., Liu, K. C. S. C. (1996). 5C5CSix lignans

from Phyllanthus myrtifolius. Journal of Natural Products. 59: 1061-1065.

Lee, D. Y. W. and Liu, Y. Z. (2005). Structure and analysis of flavonolignans from

Silybum marianum. Phenolic compounds in foods and natural health

Bibilography

198

products, 19-32.

Lee, H. S., Jung, S. H., Yun, B. S. and Lee, K. W. (2007). Isolation of chebulic acid

from Terminalia chebula Retz.and its antioxidant effect in isolated rat

hepatocytes. Arch. Toxicol., 81: 211-8.

Lee, Seung-Ho., Ryu, Shi Yong., Choi, Sang Un., Lee, Chong Ock., No, Zaesung.,

Kim, Seong-Kie. and Ahn, Jong-Woong. (1995). Hydrolysable tannins and

related compound having cytotoxic activity from the fruits of Terminalia

chebula. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 18: 118-120.

Lee, T. H., Lee, S. S., Kuo, Y. C., Chou-Chang, H., Lee, T.H., Lee, S.S., Kuo, Y. C.

and Chou-CH. (2001). Monoterpene glycosides and triterpene acids from

Eriobotrya deflexa. Journal-of-Natural-Product, 64: 865-869.

Lee, T. H., Qiu, F., Waller, G. R., Chou-Chang, H., Lee, T. H., Qiu, F. and Chou, C.

H. (2000). Three new flavonol galloylglycosides from leaves of Acacia

confusa. Journal of Natural Products, 63: 710-712.

Lei, J.C., Yu, J.Q. and Liao, Z.X. (2007). In vitro antioxidant activity of the extracts

from sickle senna seed Cassia obtusifolia [C. tora]. Chinese Journal of

Information on Traditional Chinese Medicine, 13: 41-42.

Li, H.B., Cheng, K.W., Wong, C.C., Fan, K.W., Chen, F. and Jiang, Y. (2007).

Evaluation of antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of different

fractions of selected microalgae. Food Chem., 102: 771-776.

Li, J. P., Huang, M., Teoh, H. and Man, R. Y. K. (2000). Interactions between

Panax quinquefolium [Panax quinquefolius] saponins and vitamin C are

Bibilography

199

observed in vitro. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, 204: 77-82.

Li, L., Xue, H., Kangouri, K., Kawashima, A. and Omura, S. (1989). Isolation and

structure elucidation of 12 beta -acetoxycoccinic acid, 12 beta -

hydroxycoccinic acid, 12 alpha -acetoxycoccinic acid, and 12 alpha -

hydroxycoccinic acid. Planta Medica, 55: 548-550.

Li, W., Asada, Y., Koike, K., Nikaido, T., Furuya, T., Yoshikawa, T. and

Bellisosides, A. F. (2005). Six novel acylated triterpenoid saponins from

Bellis perennis (Compositae). Tetrahedron, 61: 2921-2929.

Lin, T.C., Chien, S.C., Chen, H.F., Hsu, F.L. (2000) Tannins and related compounds

from Combretaceae plants. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal (Taipei), 52:

1-26.

Lin, T. C., Nonaka, G., Nishioka, I. and Feng, C.H. (1990). Chemical &

Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 38: 3004-8.

Lin, Y. L., Mei,C.H., Huang, S. L., Kuo, Y. H., Lin, Y. L., Mei, C. H., Huang, S. L.

and Kuo, Y. H. (1998). Four new sesquiterpenes from Petasites formosanus.

Journal of Natural Products, 61: 887-890.

Lirio, L. G., Hermano, M. L. and Fontanilla, M.Q. (1998). Antibacterial Activity of

Medicinal Plants from the Philippines. 36: 357-359.

Lis, B. M. and Deans, S. G. (1997). Bioactivity of selected plant essential oils

against Listeria monocytogenes. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 82: 759-

762.

Ljubuncic, P., Dakwar, S., Portnaya, I., Cogan, U., Azaizeh, H. and Bomzon, A.

(2006). Aqueous extracts of Teucrium polium possess remarkable antioxidant

Bibilography

200

activity in vitro. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative

Medicine, 3: 329-338.

Lovati, M. et al., (1996). Two new indole alkaloids from Rauwolfia vomitoria.

Fitoterapia. 67: 422-426.

Lu, P., Liu, X.j., Li, X., Zhang, D. and Tosho, Y. (1992). Department of Chemistry

of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Medical University,

Shanghai 200032 School of Pharmacy, Kobe-Gakuin University, Japan.

Studies on the triterpenes of Terminalia Chebula retz. Zhiwu Xuebao, 34:

126-132.

Lu, P., Liu, X., Li, X. and Jingquan, W. (1991). Studies on the chemical constituents

of fruits of Terminalia Chebula retz[j]. Shanghai Yike Daxue Xuebao, 18:

233-335.

Lu, Y. B., Sun, C. R., Wang, Y. and Pan, Y. J. (2005). Preparative isolation and

purification of two phenylbutenoids from the rhizomes of Zingiber

Cassumunar by upright counter-current chromatograph. Journal of

Chromatography, 1089: 258-262

Lucy, J., Umi, K. Y. and Nulit, R. (2011). Antifungal activity of selected plant

leaves crude extracts against a pepper anthracnose fungus, Colletotrichum

capsici (Sydow) butler and bisby (Ascomycota: Phyllachorales). African

Journal of Biotechnology, 10: 4157-4165.

Mackinnon, M. J. (1997). Survival probability of drug resistant mutants in malaria

parasites. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. 264: 53�59.

Madamombe, I. and Afolayan, A. (2003). Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of

extracts from South African Usnea barbata. Pharmaceut Biol, 41:199-202.

Bibilography

201

Madhumathi, S., Mohan, M. S. S., Radha, R., Kumar, S., Kukreja, A. K., Dwivedi,

S. and. Singh, A. K. (2000). Anti-microbial properties of crude fruit extracts

of Jatropha gossypifolia. Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plant

Sciences. 22: 717-720.

Magalhaes, H. I. F., Veras, M. L., Torres, M. R., Alves, A. P. N. N., Pessoa, O. D.

L., Silveira, E. R., Costa, L. L.V., Moraes, M. O. and Pessoa, C. (2006). In-

vitro and In-vivo antitumour activity of physalins B and D from Physalis

angulata. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 58: 235-241.

Maguire, J. J., Wilson, D. S. and Packer, L. (1989). Mitochondrial electron transport

linked tocopheroxyl radical reduction. Journal of Biological Chemistry,

264: 21462-21465.

Mahesh, B. and Satish, S. (2008). Antimicrobial Activity of Some Important

Medicinal Plant Against Plant and Human Pathogens. World Journal of

Agricultural Sciences, 4: 839-843.

Maizura, M., Aminah, A. and Wan Aida, W. M. (2011). Total phenolic content and

antioxidant activity of kesum (Polygonum minus), ginger (Zingiber

officinale) and turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract. International Food

Research Journal, 18: 526-531.

Malabadi, R. B., Mulgund, G. S. and Nataraja, K. (2005). Screening of antibacterial

activity in the extracts of Clitoria ternatea. Journal of medicinal and

Aromatic plant sciences, 27: 26-29.

Maldonado, P. D., Rivero, C, I., Mata, R. and Pedraza, C. J. (2005). Antioxidant

activity of A-type proanthocyanidins from Geranium niveum (Geraniaceae).

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53: 1996-2001.

Bibilography

202

Mamta, M., Shukla, Y. N., Jain, S. P., Sushil, K., Mishra, M. and Kumar, S. (1999).

Chemistry and pharmacology of some Hibiscus spp. Journal of Medicinal

and Aromatic Plant Sciences, 21: 1169-1186.

Mandal, S. C., Kumar, C. K. A., Avijit, M., Rupa, M., Maity, B. C., Majumder, A.,

Majumder, R. and Ashok, K. C. K. (2000). Antibacterial activity of Litsea

glutinosa bark. Fitoterapia, 71: 4, 439-441.

Mandavia, M. K., Gajera, H. P., Andharia, J. H., Khandar, R. R. and

Parameshwaram, M. (1999). Cellwall degradation enzymes in host pathogen

interaction of Fusarian wilt of chicken pea. Inhibitory effects of phenolic

compounds. Indian Phytopathology 50: 548-551.

Mangathayaru, K. and Balakrishna, K. (2008). In vitro anti-oxidant activity of

Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn., leaves. Phytopharmacology and

therapeutic values, 21: 191-197.

Manish Tadhani and Rema Subhash. (2006). Preliminary studies on Stevia

rebaudiana leaves: proximal composition, mineral analysis and

phytochemical screening. Journal of Medical Sciences (Pakistan), 6: 321-

326.

Manjoosha, S., Ranjan, B., Rawat, A. K. S. and Shanta, M. (2006). Fatty acid

composition of some medicinally useful seeds. Journal of Herbal

Pharmacotherapy, 6: 41-47.

Manju, P.,Vivek, K. and Jaya, P. Y. (2011). In vitro antimicrobial activity of ten

medicinal plants against clinical isolates of oral cancer cases. Ann Clin

Microbiol Antimicrob., 10: 21.

Bibilography

203

Manna, A. and Abalaka, M. E. (2000) Preliminary screening of the various extracts

of Physalis angulala (L.) for antimicrobial activies. Spectrum Journal, 7:

119 � 125.

Manosroi, A., Jantrawut, P., Akazawa, H., Akihisa, T. and Manosroi, J. (2010).

Biological activities of phenolic compounds isolated from galls of

Terminalia chebula Retz. (Combretaceae). Nat Prod Res., 24: 1915-26.

Manzoor, A., Muhammad, N., Javed, M. A., Khan, T. A. and Raie, M. Y. (1996).

Lipid studies of Annona squamosa. Pakistan Journal of Scientific and

Industrial Research, 39: 186-188.

Marcel, P., Alina, E, P., Oana, R, C., Laurian, V. and Gheorghe, G. (2009).

Antifungal activity of Allium obliquum. Journal of Medicinal Plants

Research, 4: 138-141.

Marta Cristina Teixeira Duarte, Ewerton Eduardo Leme, Camila Delarmelina,

Andressa Almeida Soares, Glyn Mara Figueira and Adilson Sartoratto.

(2007). Activity of essential oils from Brazilian medicinal plants on

Escherichia coli. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 111: 657-666.

Martin, A. S., Basabe, B., Benedi, J. M., Villar, A. M., Capasso, F (ed.)., Basso, F

(ed.)., Pasquale, R, de (ed.)., Evans, F. J (ed.) and Mascolo, N. (1997).

Antioxidant action of Vaccinium myrtillus L., Proceedings of the second

international symposium on natural drugs. Phytotherapy Research, 12:

104- 106.

Marongiu, B., Porcedda, S., Piras, A., Rosa, A., Deiana, M. and Dessi, M. A. (2004).

Antioxidant activity of supercritical extract of Melissa officinalis subsp.

Bibilography

204

officinalis and Melissa officinalis subsp. inodora. Phytotherapy Research,

18: 789-792.

Marwah, R., Fatope, M., Deadman, M., Ochei, J. and Al-Saidi, S. (2007),

Antimicrobial activity and the major components of the essential oil of

Plectranthus cylindraceus. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 103: 1220�

1226.

Masokoab, P and Eloff, J. N. (2007). Screening of 24 South African Combretum and

6 Terminalia (Combretaceae) species for antioxidant activities. The African

Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines. 4:

231-239.

Masokoab, P and Eloffa, J. N. (2007). Screening of Twenty-Four South African

Combretum and Six Terminalia Species (Combretaceae) for Antioxidant

Activities. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med., 4: 231�239.

Masuda, T., Jitoe, A., Isobe, J., Nakatani, N. and Yonemori, S. (1993). Anti-

oxidative and anti-inflammatory curcumin-related phenolics from rhizomes

of Curcuma domestica. Phytochemistry, 32: 1557-1560.

Mathew, S. and Kuttan, G. (1997). Antioxidant activity of Tinospora cordifolia and

its usefulness in the amelioration of cyclophosphamide induced toxicity.

Journal of Experimental and Clinical Cancer Research, 16: 407-411.

Mehmet, M. Ö. and Fahad, Y. AL. J. (2011). Antioxidant and antifungal activity of

some aromatic plant extracts. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 5:

1361-1366.

Melo, E. D., Mancini, J. and Guerra, N. B. (2005). Characterization of antioxidant

compounds in aqueous coriander extract (Coriandrum sativum L.).

Bibilography

205

Lebensm.-Wiss. Technol. Food Sci. Technol., 38: 15−19.

Mencherini, T., Aquino, R. and Tommasi, N. (2007). Antioxidant properties and

phenolic content of some extracts from South American plants. Recent

developments in medicinal plant research, 217: 230.

Meragelman, T. L., Tucker, K. D., McCloud, T. G., Cardellina, J. H., Shoemaker, R.

H. (2005). Antifungal flavonoids from Hildegardia barteri. Journal of

natural products. 2005:12

Miglani, B. D. and Chawla, A. S. (1974). Coll. Pharm. New Delhi, India. Journal of

the Institution of Chemists, 46: 189-90.

Militao, G. C. G., Pessoa, C. O., Costa, L L. V., Moraes, M. E. A., Moraes, M. O.,

Luciano, J. H. S., Lima, M. A. S. and Silveira, E. R. (2005). Cytotoxicity of

flavonoids isolated from Alibertia myrciifolia. Pharmaceutical Biology, 43:

480-484.

Misawa, M. (1985). Production of useful metabolites. Adv. Biochem. Eng.

Biotechnol., 31 : 59-68.

Mishra, A. K. and Dubey, N. K. (1994). Evaluation of some essential oils for their

toxicity against fungi causing deterioration of stored food commodities.

Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 60: 1101-1105

Mitscher, L. A., Leu, R. P., Bathala, M. S., Wu, W. N. and Beal, J. L. (1972).

Antimicrobial agents from higher plants. Introduction, rationale and

methodology. Lloydia, 35:157-166.

More, G., Tshikalange, T. E., Lall, N., Botha, F. and Meyer, J. J. M. (2008).

Antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants against oral microorganisms.

Bibilography

206

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 3: 473-477.

Mourad, Z., Dounia, M., Soumya, El, A., Adnane, R. and Saad, I. K. (2011).

Antifungal activity of Five Plant Essential Oils against wood decay fungi

isolated from an old house at the Medina of Fez. International Research

Journal of Microbiology, 2: 104-108.

Mohamed Al-Fatimi, Martina Wurster, Gudrun Schröder and Ulrike Lindequist.

(2007). Antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of selected

medicinal plants from Yemen. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 112: 590-

594.

Muhammad Saleem., Kim HyoungJa., Jin ChangBae and Lee YongSup. (2004).

Antioxidant caffeic acid derivatives from leaves of Parthenocissus

tricuspidata. Archives of Pharmacal Research, 27: 300-304.

Mullika, T. C., Suvimol, S., Karn, W. and Nuntavan, B. (2008). Antibacterial

Activity of Thai Medicinal Plants against Methicillin-resistant

Staphylococcus aureus. Fitoterpia, 80: 102-104.

Mundhada, S. S. and Tatke, P. A. (2003). Preliminary phytochemical investigation

and antimicrobial activity of fruit of Mimusops elengi Linn. National

convention on Current Trends in Herbal drugs and Annual conference of

Indian society of pharmacognosy. Herbs: The natural alternative., 17-18.

Murray, S. S., Chappell, J. H., Kenter, A. T., Kraft, R. P., Meehan, G. R., and.

Zombeck, M. V. (1995). Proc, SPIE 3356:974.

Murugan, P., Rajesha, A., Athiperumalsami, T. and Mohan, V.R. (2008). Screening

of Certain Ethnomedicinal Plants for Antibacterial Activity. Ethnobotanical

Bibilography

207

Leaflets. 12: 433-438.

Muthukumar, A., Eswaran, A., Nakkeeran, S. and Sangeetha, G. (2010). Efficacy of

plant extracts and biocontrol agents against Pythium aphanidermatum

inciting chilli damping-off. Crop Protection, 12: 1483-1488.

Myagmar, B. E. and Aniya, Y. (2000). Free radical scavenging action of medicinal

herbs from Mongolia. Phytomedicine, 7: 221-229.

Myers, N. (1984). The Primary Source, Tropical Forests and our future. W. Norton

and Company. New York.

Nadana Saravanan and Namasivayam Nalini (2007). Antioxidant effect of

Hemidesmus indicus on ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Journal of

Medicinal Food, 10: 675-682.

Nadkararni, A. K. and Nadkarni, K. M. (1976). Indian Materia Medica (Published

by Popular Prakashan Pvt. Ltd., Bombay).

Nag, B. N., Dutta, M. K. and Sikdar. S. (1981). Studies on the Anti-Inflammatory

Effect of Blumea Lacera in Rat. Anti-Inflammatory Agents and Autacoids.

IX Annual Conference of IPS. Department of Pharmacology University

College of Medicine 2443, Acharya J. C. Bose Road Calcutta-700 020. Pp.

1-96.

Nagashima, M. and Nakatani, M. (1992). LC-MS analysis and structure

determination of pungent alkamides from L. flowers. LWT Food Science

and Technology, 25: 417-421.

Naidu. K. C., Ramya, L. and Varaprasad, B. (2009). Antimicrobial agents from

Rubia cordifolia and Glycyrrhiza glabra against hytopathogens of

Bibilography

208

Gossypium. International Journal of PharmTech Research., 4: 1512-

1518.

Nanir, S. P. and Kadu, B. B. (1990). Effect of some medicinal plants extract of some

fungi. Acta. Botanica Indica., 15: 170-175.

Nascimento Gislene, G.F., Juliana, L., Paulo, C. F. and Giuliana, L. S. (2000).

Antibacterial activity of plant extracts and phytochemicals on antibiotic

resistant bacteria. Brazilian J. Microbiol., 31: 247-256.

Nassar-Allah, A. A., Aboul-Enein, A. M., Aboul-Enein, K. M., Lightfoot, D. A.,

Cocchetto, A. and El-Shemy, H. A. (2009). Anti-cancer and anti-oxidant

activity of some Egyptian medicinal plants. Journal of Medicinal Plants

Research, 3: 799-808.

Natarajan, V., Prasad, P. V. S. and Ramaswamy, K. (2003). Azadirachta indica in

the treatment of dermatophytosis. Journal of ecobiology, 14: 201-204.

Nduagu, C., Ekefan, E. J. and Nwankiti, A. O (2008). Effect of some crude plant

extracts on growth of Colletotrichum capsici (Synd) & Bisby, causal agent of

pepper anthracnose. Journal of Applied Biosciences 6: 184 �190.

Negri, M. L. S., Possamai, J. C. and Nakashima, T. (2009). Antioxidant activity of

"espinheira-santa" - Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reiss., leaves dried in

different temperatures. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia, 19: 553-556.

Newman. D. J., Cragg, G. M. and Snader, K. M. (2000). The influence of natural

products upon drug discovery. Natual products reports, 17: 175-285.

Nicolov, S., Nguyen, T. and Zheljazkov, V. (1996). Flavonoids from Achyranthes

Bibilography

209

bidentata BC. Acta Horticulturae, 426: 75-78.

Nijveldt, R. J., Nood, E. V., Hoorn, D. E. C. V., Boelens, P. G., Norren, K. V. and

Leeuwen, P. A. W. V. (2001). Flavonoids, A review of probable mechanisms

of action and potential applications. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 74: 418-425.

Nkere, C.K. and Iroeghbu, C.U. (2005). Antibacterial screening of the root, seed and

stem bark extracts of Picralima nitida. African Journal of Biotechnology,

4: 522-526.

Noor, R., Mittal, S. and Iqbal, J. (2002). Superoxide dismutase, Applications and

relevance to human diseases. Med. Sci. Monit., 8: 210 - 215.

Nusrat Subhan., Alam, M. A., Firoj Ahmed., Awal, M. A., Nahar, L. and Sarker, S.

D. (2008). In vitro antioxidant property of the extract of Excoecaria

agallocha (Euphorbiaceae). DARU - Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy,

Tehran University of Medical Sciences. 16: 149-154.

Oana, R. C., Marcel, P., Laurian, V. and Mircea, T. (2007). Antifungal activity of

Aloe vera. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 110: 200-234.

Obafemi, C. A., Akinpelu, D. A., Taiwo, O. O. and Adeloye, A. (2006).

Antimicrobial activity of solvent extracts of Terminalia catappa Linn leaves.

Ife J. Sci. 8: 29-33.

Odugbemi, T. (2006). Medicinal plants as antimicrobials In., Outline and pictures of

Medicinal plants from Nigeria. University of Lagos press. ISBN., p.53-64.

Ogunleye, D. S. and Ibitoye, S. F. (2003). Studies of antimicrobial activity and

chemical constituents of Ximenia americana. Trop. J. Pharm. Res. 2: 239-

241.

Bibilography

210

Okemo, P., Mwatha, W., Chhabra, S. and Fabry, W. (2001). The kill kinetics of

Azadirachta indica A. juss. (Meliaceae) extracts on Staphylococcus aureus,

E. coli, Psedomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans. Afr. J .Sci. Tech., 2:

113-8.

Okuda, T. (2005). Systematics and health effects of chemically distinct tannins in

medicinal plants. Phytochemistry, 66: 2012-2031.

Okwu, D. E. (2004). Phytochemical and vitamin content of indigenous spices of

south eastern Nigeria. J. Sustain. Agric. Environ., 6: 30-34.

Oliveira, S. Q. de., Dal-Pizzol, F., Gosmann, G., Guillaume, D., Moreira, J. C. F.

and Schenkel, E. P. (2003). Antioxidant activity of Baccharis articulata

extracts: isolation of a new compound with antioxidant activity. Free

Radical Research, 37: 555-559.

Oliveros-Belardo, Luz et al., (1995). The leaf volatile oil of Nothopanax fruticosum

(L.) Miq. Philippine Journal of Science. 124: 141-160.

Olurinola, P.F. (1996). A laboratory manual of pharmaceutical microbiology, Idu,

Abuja, Nigeria, 69-105.

Ömer Ertürk. (2010). Antibacterial and Antifungal Effects of Alcoholic Extracts of

41 Medicinal Plants growing in Turkey. Czech J. Food Sci., 28: 53�60

Orr, W. C. and Sohal, R. S. (1994). Extention of life, span by over expression of

superoxide dismutase and catalase in Drosophila melanegoster. Science,

263: 1128-1130.

Bibilography

211

Osbourne, A. E. (1996). Preformed antimicrobial compounds and plant defense

against fungal attack. Plant Cell, 8: 1821-1831.

Owoseni, A. A., Ayanbamiji, T. A., Ajayi, Y. O. and Ikeoluwa, B. (2010).

Antimicrobial and phytochemical analysis of leaves and bark extracts from

Bridelia ferruginea. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9: 1031-1036.

Packer, L. and Cadenas, E. (2002). In Hand Book of Antioxidants, Carotenoids,

Linking chemistry, absorption, and metabolism to potential roles in human

health and disease. Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York. Pp. 189-221.

Pal, S (Datta)., De, B., Madal, S, C. and Bhattacharjee, P. R. (2003). Antibacterial

herbs. Indian journal of Natural products, 18: 3-9.

Palancinchamy, S., Bhaskar, E. A. and Nagarajan, S. (1991). Antibacterial activity

of Cassia alata. Fitoterapia, 62: 249-252.

Palmeira, J. S. F., Moura, F. S., Alves, V. L., Oliveira, F. M., Bento, E. S.,

Conserva, L. M. and Andrade, E. H. de .A. (2004). Neutral components from

hexane extracts of Croton sellowii. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 19: 69-71.

Pamplona, R. G. D. (1999). Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants. Vol. 1 and 2, (2nd

Edn). Education and Health Library, The European Union, U. K. pp. 128 �

150.

Pandey, V. K. and Singh, R. P. (1999).Phytochemical study of plants of Adhawra

hills (Kaimur Bihar). Neo Botanica, 7: 101-104.

Paramapojn, S. and Gritsanapan, W. (2009). Free radical scavenging activity

determination and quantitative analysis of curcuminoids in Curcuma

zedoaria rhizome extracts by HPLC method. Current Science, 97: 1069-

Bibilography

212

1073.

Park, H. R., Park, E., Rim, A. R., Jeon, K., Hwang, J. H. and Lee, S. C. (2006).

Antioxidant activity of extracts from Acanthopanax senticosus. African

Journal of Biotechnology, 5: 2388-2396.

Parveen, S. and Kumar, V. R. (2002). Effect of extracts of some medicinal plants on

the growth of Alternaria triticina. Journal of phytological Research, 13:

195-196.

Pavel, S., Borivoj, K. and Vlastimil, K. (2006). Determination of total content of

phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in vegetables. Evaluation

of spectrophotometric methods. J Agric Food Chem, 54: 607-616.

Periyasamy, A. K., Rajkumar. And Mahalingam, K. (2010). Phytochemical

screening and antimicrobial activity from five Indian medicinal plants

against human pathogens. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research, 5:

477-482.

Perumal, G., Subramanyam, C., Natrajan, D., Srinivasan, K., Mohanasundari, C. and

Prabakar, K. (2005). Antifungal activities of traditional medicinal plant

extracts. A preliminary survey. Journal of Phytological Research. 17: 81-

83.

Perumal Samy, R. and Ignacimuthu, S. (2000). Antibacterial activity of some

folklore medicinal plants used by tribals in Western Ghats of India. Journal

of Ethnopharmacology. 69: 63�71.

Perumal, G., Subramanyam, C., Natrajan, D., Srinivasan, K., Mohanasundari, C. and

Prabakar, K. (2005). Antifungal activities of traditional medicinal plant

Bibilography

213

extracts. A preliminary survey. Journal of Phytological Research. 17: 81-83.

Phadke, S. A. and. Kulkarni, S. D. (1989). Screening of in vitro antibacterial activity

of Terminalia chebula, Eclapta alba and Ocimum sanctum. Indian J Med

Sci., 43: 113-117.

Pillai, S. and Venkatesan, S. (2010). Evaluation of antifungal activity of Calotropis

gigantea latex extract: an in vitro study. International Journal Of

Pharmaceutical Sciences And Research, 1: 88-96.

Pietta, P, G. (2000). Flavonoids as antioxidants. J. Nat. Prod., 63: 1035-1042.

Pokharel, Y., Jeong, J. E., Oh, S. J., Kim, S. K., Woo, E. R. and Kang, K. W.

(2006). Screening of potential chemopreventive compounds from Poncirus

trifoliata Raf. Pharmazie, 61: 796-798.

Poullain, C., Girard, V. E. and Smadja, J. (2004). Plants from Reunion Island:

evaluation of their free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities. Journal

of Ethnopharmacology, 95: 19-26.

Pourmorad, F., Hosseinimehr, S. J. and Shahabimajd, N. (2006). Antioxidant

activity, phenol and flavonoid contents of some selected Iranian medicinal

plants. African J Biotechnology., 5: 1142- 1145.

Prenesti, E., Berto, S., Daniele, P.G. and Toso, S. (2007). Antioxidant power

quantification of decoction and cold infusions of Hibiscus sabdariffa

flowers. Food Chem., 100: 433-438.

Pretto, J. B., Cechinel, F. V., Noldin, V. F., Sartori, M. R., Isaias, D. E. and Cruz, A.

B. (2004). Antimicrobial activity of fractions and compounds from

Bibilography

214

Calophyllumbrasiliense (Clusiaceae/Guttiferae). Z Naturforsch C., 59: 657-

62.

Prince, P. S. M. and Menon, V. P. (1999). Antioxidant activity of Tinospora

cordifolia roots in experimental diabetes. Journal of Ethnopharmacology,

65: 277-281.

Prusti, A., Mishra, S.R., Sahoo, S. and Mishra, S.K. (2008). Antibacterial Activity of

Some Indian Medicinal Plants. Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 12: 227-230.

Prusti, A., Mishra, S.R., Sahoo, S. and Mishra, S.K. (2008). Antibacterial Activity of

Some Indian Medicinal Plants. Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 12: 227-230.

Przybylski, R., Lee, Y. C. and Eskin, N. A. M. (1998). Antioxidant and radical-

scavenging activities of buckwheat seed components. Special issue:

biotechnology. Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society, 75: 1595-

1601.

Pullaiah, T., 2002. Medicinal Plants in India, Regency Publications. New Delhi.

Purkayastha, J. N. and Subhan, C. (2006). Biological activities of ethnomedicinal

claims of some plant species of Assam. Indian Journal of Traditional

Knowledge. 5: 229-236.

Purohit, S. S. and Mathur, S. K. (1999). Drugs in Biotechnology fundamentals and

applications. Purohit SS. Maximillan publishers, India. p. 576.

Rahman, A., Ali, M. and Khan, N. Z. (2003). Argyroside from Argyreia nervosa

seeds. Pharmazie, 58: 60-62.

Rahman, M. S., Hasan, A. J. M. M., Ali, M. Y. and Ali, M. U. (2005). Studies on

Bibilography

215

lignin, carbohydrates and fatty acid compositions of Cassia alata leaves.

Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 40: 69-74.

Rai, M. K (1988). In vitro sensitivity of Microsporum nanum to some plant extracts.

Indian Drugs. 25: 521-523.

Rajasekaran, A., Jeyasudha, V., Kalphana, B. and Jayakar, B. (1999). Preliminary

phytochemical and antipyretic evaluation of Carissa carandas Linn. Indian

Journal of Natural Products, 15: 127-29.

Rajendra, P., Alankararao. and Baby. (1983). Indian-Perfum. Kanpur: Essential oil

Assoication of India, 27: 197-199.

Ramya, S., Kalaivani, T., Rajasekaran, C., Jepachanderamohan, P., Alaguchamy, N.,

Kalayansundaram, M. and Jayakumararaj, R. (2008). Antimicrobial Activity

of Aqueous Extracts of Bark, Root, Leaves and Fruits of Terminalia arjuna

Wight & Arn. Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 12: 1192-97.

Rangasamy, O., Guy, R., Francisco, E., Kiban, C., Suzanne, U. R., Joelle, Q. L.,

Ameenah, G. F. and Anwar, H. S. (2007). Sreening of anti-infective

properties of several medicinal plants of the Mauritians flora. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology, 109: 331-337.

Rani, P. and Khullar, N. (2004). Antimicrobial evaluation of some medicinal plants

for their anti-enteric potential against multi-drug resistant Samonella typhi.

Phytotherapy Research, 18: 670-673.

Rao, C. S., Raju, C., Gopumadhavan, S., Chauhan, B. L., Kulkarni, R. D. and Mitra,

S. K. (1994). Immunotherapeutic modification by an Ayurvedic formulation

Septilin. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 32: 553-558.

Bibilography

216

Rao, J. B., Rajadurai, S., Sastry, K. N. S. and Nayudamma. Y. (1961). Bull. Central

Leather Res. Inst., Madras (India), 8: 230-2.

Rao, Y.K., Vimalamma, G., Rao, C.V., and Yew-Min Tzeng. (2004). Flavanoids

and andrographolides from Andrographis paniculata. Phytochemistry, 65:

2317-2321.

Rastogi, R. P. and Mehrotra, B. N. (1990). Compedium of Indian Medicinal

plants. 2: 859.

Rasul, J. M., Abbas, H., Youbert, G., Ali, A., Alireza, P. and Fatemeh, S. (2011).

Control of Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea on pear with Thymus

kotschyanus, Ocimum basilicum and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils.

Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 5: 626-634.

Reddy, B. M., Rao, N. K., Ramesh, M., Appa Rao, A.V.N., Lin, L.J., Lin, L. Z. and

Cordell, G. A. (1994). Chemical Investigation of the Fruits of Terminalia

chebula. Pharmaceutical biology, 32: 352-356.

Reddy, C. S., Reddy, K. N. and Jadhav, S. N. (2001). Threatened (Medicinal) Plants

of Andhra Pradesh. Medicinal Plants Conservation Centre, EPTRI,

Hyderabad.

Reynaud, J., Flament, M. M., Lussignol, M. and Becchi, M. (1997). Flavonoid

content of Asphodelus ramosus (Liliaceae). Canadian Journal of Botany,

75: 2105-2107.

Reynolds, J. E. F. (1996). Martindale, the extra pharmacopeia. (31st ed.), Royal

Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, London.

Bibilography

217

Rios, J. L. and Recio, M. C. (2005). Medicinal plants and antimicrobial activity.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 100: 1-2, 80-84.

Roengsumran, S., Limsuwankesorn, S., Ngamrojnavanich, N., Petsom, A.,

Chaichantipyuth, C., Ishikawa, T., Sophon, R., Supassara, L., Nattaya, N.,

Amorn, P. and Chaiyo, C. (2000). Cassane diterpenoid from Caesalpinia

major. Phytochemistry, 53: 841-844.

Romero, C. D., Chopin, S. F., Buck, G., Martinez, E., Garcia, M. and Bixby, L.

(2005): Antibacterial properties of common herbal remedies of the

southwest. J. Ethnopharmacol., 99: 253-257.

Rosina khan, Barira Islam, Mohd Akram, Shazishakil, Anis Ahmad, S. Manazir Ali,

Mashiatullah siddiqui and Asad U. Khan. (2009). Antimicrobial activity of

five herbal extractions against multi drug resistant (MDR) strains of Bacteria

and fungus of clinical origin. Molecules, 14: 586-597.

Ross, S. A., Megalla, S. E., Bishay, D. W. and Awad, A. H. (1981). Studies for

determining antibiotic substances in some Egyptian plants part-I. Screening

for antimicrobial activity. Fitoterapia, 57: 303-308.

Ruberto, G., Baratta, M. T., Deans, S. G. and Dorman, H. J. D. (2000). Antioxidant

and antimicrobial activity of Foeniculum vulgare and Crithmum maritimum

essential oils. Planta Medica, 66: 687-693.

Ruiz, T. F., Medrano, M. A. and Navarro, O. A. (2008). Antioxidant and free radical

scavenging activities of plant extracts used in traditional medicine in Mexico.

African Journal of Biotechnology, 7: 1886-1893.

Sabahat, Saeed. (2006). Medicinal properties of Garlic (Allium sativum L.).

Bibilography

218

International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, 3: 237-242.

Sabu, M. C. and Kuttan, R. (2009). Antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of

Terminalia belerica. Indian J Exp Biol., 47: 270-5.

Saheb L. Shinde, S. M. More, S. Junne, B. and S. S. Wadje. (2011). Utilization of

Medicinal plants to control seed borne pathogens of selected seeds. Asian J.

Pharm. Hea. Sci., 1: 2

Sajid, B. 1., Alia, E. 1., Rizwana, K. 1., Uzma, S., Alamgeer. and Hafiz, M. I.

(2011). Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of Fagonia

cretica plant extracts against selected microbes. Journal of Pharmacy

Research, 4: 962-963.

Saks, Y. and Barkai, G. R. (1996). Aloe vera gel activity against plant pathogenic

fungi. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 6: 159-165.

Sakushima, A., Ohno, K., Maoka, T., Coskun, M., Guvenc, A., Erdurak, C. S.,

Ozkan, A. M., Seki, K. and Ohkura, K. (2003). Guaiacylglycerol-7'-O-

methyl 8'-vanillic acid ether and related compounds from Boreava orientalis.

Phytochemical-Analysis, 14: 48-53.

Salah, W., Miller, N. J., Pagauge, G., Tijburg, B. G. P., Rice, E. Evans, C. (1995).

Polyphenolic flavonols as scavenger of aqueous phase radicals and

chainbreaking antioxidants. Arch. Biochem. Biol. 2: 339-346.

Samudram, P., Vasuki, R., Rajeshwari, H., Geetha, A. and Moorthi, P. S.

(2010). Antioxidant and antihepatotoxic activities of ethanolic crude extract

of Melia azedarach and Piper longum. Journal of Medicinal Plants

Research, 3: 1078-1083.

Bibilography

219

Samuelsson, G. (2004). Drugs of Natural Origin, a Textbook of Pharmacognosy

(5th), Swedish Pharmaceutical Press, Stockholm.

Sangameswaran, B., Balakrishnan, B. R., Chumbhale, D. and Jayakar, B. (2009). In

vitro antioxidant activity of roots of Thespesia lampas Dalz and Gibs.

Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22: 368-372.

Santos, P. A., Pereira, A. M. S., Franca, S. C., Lopes, N. P. and Santos, P. A. (1999).

Steroids and coumarin from callus of Mikania glomerata. Sprengel., Revista

Brasileira deCiencias Farmaceuticas, 35: 231-235.

Saraiva, R. C. G., Pinto, A. C., Nunomura, S. M. and Pohlit, A. M. (2006).

Triterpenes and a canthinone alkaloid from the stems of Simaba polyphylla

(Cavalcante) W.W. Thomas (Simaroubaceae). Quimica Nova, 29: 264-268.

Sathawane, P. N., Patel, D. L., Kasture, V. S., kasture, S. B. and Pal, S. C. (1998).

Antimicrobial activity of extracts of Anacardium occidentale. Indian

Drugs, 34: 459-462.

Satish, S. (2008). Antibacterial Activity of Important Medicinal Plants on Human Pa

thogenic Bacteria-a Comparative Analysis. World Applied Sciences

Journal, 5: 267-271.

Satish, S., Raghavendra, M. P., Mohana, D. C. and Raveesha, K. A. (2008).

Antifungal activity of a known medicinal plant Mimusops elengi L. against

grain moulds. Journal of Agricultural Technology, 4: 151-165.

Satish, S., Raveesha, K. A. and Janardhana, G. R. (1999). Antibacterial activity of

plant extracts on phytopathogenic Xanthomonas campestris pathovars.

Letters in Applied Microbiology, 28: 145-147.

Bibilography

220

Saturnino, P., Capasso, A., Saturnino, C., Martino, G., Reyes, N, L., Aquino, R. and

DeMartino, G. (1997). Flavonol glycosides from Aristeguietia discolor and

their inhibitory activity on electrically-stimulated guinea pig ileum.

International Journal of Pharmacognosy, 35: 305-312.

Satyavati, G. V., Raina, M. K. and Sharma, M. (1976). Medicinal Plants of India

(Published by ICMR, New Delhi).

Saxena, A. R., Renu, Tripathi, R. D. and Dixit, S. N. (1984). Fungitoxic properties

of Putranjiva roxburghii Wall. Indian perfume, 27: 69-72.

Saxena, G., McCutcheon, A. R., Farmer, S., Towers, G. H. N. and Hancock, R.E.W.

(1994). Antimicrobial constituents of Rhus glabra. J. Ethnopharmacol., 42:

95-99.

Schinella, G. R., Tournier, H. A., Prieto, J. M., Buschiazzo, P. M. de. and Rios, J. L.

(2002). Antioxidant activity of anti-inflammatory plant extracts. Life

Sciences, 70: 1023-1033.

Schmidt, O, Th. and Werner. (1948). Nieswandt, Naturwissenschaften, 35:191.

Schmidt, O. Th., Schulz, J. and Rolf, W. (1967). Justus Liebigs Annalen der

Chemie, 706:169-79.

Schuhly, W., Heilmann, J., Calis, I. and Sticher, O. (2000). Novel triterpene

saponins from Zizyphus joazeiro. Helvetica Chimica Acta, 83: 1509-1516.

Sco, H. G., Takata, I., Nakamura, M., Tatsumi, H., Suzuki, K., Juji, J. andTaniguchi,

N. (1995), Induction of nitric oxide synthase and concomitant suppression of

superoxide dismutase in experimental colitis in rats. Archs. Biochem.

Bibilography

221

Biophys., 324: 41-47.

Sean S. Lee, D.D.S., Wu Zhang, M.D. and Yiming Li, D.D.S. (2004). The

antimicrobial potential of 14 natural herbal dentifrices. J Am Dent Assoc., 8:

1133-1141.

Selvam, R., Lalitha Subramanian., Gayathri, R. and Angayarkanni, N. (1995). The

anti-oxidant activity of turmeric (Curcuma longa). Journal of

Ethnopharmacology, 47: 59-67.

Sen, P. (1993). Therapeutic potentials of Tulsi: from experience to facts. Drugs

News & Views. 1: 15�21.

Sengupta, S., Ghosh, S. N., Ghosh, S. B. and Das, A, K. (2005). Bioefficacy of some

plant extracts against microorganisms. Journal of mycopathological

research, 42: 31-34.

Senthilkumar, A. and Venkatesalu, V. (2009). Phytochemical analysis and

antibacterial activity of the essential oil of Clausena anisata (Willd.)

International Journal of Integrative Biology, 5: 116-120.

Shahidi Bonjar, G. H., Aghighi, S. and A. Karimi Nik. (2004). Antibacterial and

antifungal survey in plants used in indigenous herbal-medicine of South East

regions of Iran. J. Biol. Sci., 4: 405-412.

Shahidi, F. (1997). In Natural Antioxidants, Are they a reality. AOCS press,

Champaign, Illinois, pp. 30.

Shahnaz, D., Samreen, A., Marium, T. and Zaki, M. J. (2008). In vitro fungicidal

activity of spices against root infecting fungi. Pak. J. Bot., 40: 433-438.

Shalini and Srivastava, R. (2008). Antifungal Activity Screening and HPLC

Bibilography

222

Analysis of Crude Extract from Tectona grandis, Shilajit, Valeriana wallachi

. The Internet Journal of Alternative Medicine. 5: 2.

Shankar R. S, Rangarajan R, Sarada D. V. and Kumar S. C. (2010). Evaluation of

Antibacterial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Wrightia tinctoria L.

Pharmacognosy Journal, 2: 19-22.

Shanker, K. S., Kanjilal, S., Rao, B. V. S. K., Kishore, K. H., Misra, S. and Prasad,

R. B. N. (2007). Isolation and antimicrobial evaluation of isomeric hydroxy

ketones in leaf cuticular waxes of Annona squamosa. Phytochemical

Analysis, 18: 7-12.

Shariff, Z. U. (2001). Modern Herbal Therapy for Common Ailments. Nature

Pharmacy Series (Volume 1), Spectrum Books Limited, Ibadan, Nigeria in

Association with Safari Books (Export) Limited, United Kingdom, pp. 9 �

84.

Shapoval, E. E. S., Silveira, S. M., Miranda, M. L., Alice, C. B. and Henriques, A.

T. (1994). Evaluation of some pharmacological activities of Eugenia

uniflora. J. Ethnopharmacol., 44: 136-142.

Sheeja, K., Shihab, P. K. and Kuttan, G. (2006). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory

activities of the plant Andrographis paniculata Nees.

Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 28: 129-140.

Shihabudeen, M. S. H., Hansi, P. D., Kavitha, T. (2010). Antimicrobial activity and

phytochemical analysis of selected Indian folk medicinal plants.

International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research (IJPSR), 1: 430-

434.

Bibilography

223

Shind, V. M., Sighania, S. S., Omani, R. S., Kasture, S. B. and Pal, S. C. (2003).

Antibacterial and antifungal activity of essential oil and decoction of

Michelia champaca leaves. National convenction on current trends in herbal

drugs and annual conference of Indian society of pharmacognosy, Herb., the

natural Alternative., 4: 17-18.

Shinoda, J. (1928). Journal of Pharmaceutical Society, Japan. 48:214.

Shklar, G. (1998). Mechanisms of cancer inhibition by anti-oxidant nutrients. Oral

Oncology, 34: 24-29.

Shrishailappa, B., Gupta, M. K. and Suresh, B. (2003). Antioxidant activity of the

ethanolic extract of Striga orobanchioides. Journal of

Ethnopharmacology, 85: 227-230.

Shylesh, B. S. and Padikkala, J. (1999). Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity

of Emilia sonchifolia. Fitoterapia, 70: 275-278.

Siva, N., Ganesan, S., Banumathy, N. and Muthuchelian. (2008). Antifungal Effect

of Leaf Extract of Some Medicinal Plants Against Fusarium oxysporum

Causing Wilt Disease of Solanum melogena L. Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 12:

156-163.

Silva, E. M. V. (2003). Advantages and disadvantages of nuclear magnetic

resonance spectroscopy as a hyphenated technique. Analytica Chimica

Acta, 497: 1- 25.

Simin, K., Ali, Z., Khaliq-uz-Zaman, S. M. and Ahmad, V. U. (2003). Structure and

biological activity of a new protenoid from Pongamia pinnata. Natural

product letters, 16: 351-357.

Simran, K., Grover, I. S., Singh, M. and Satwinderjeet, K. (1998). Antimutagenicity

Bibilography

224

of hydrolyzable tannins from Terminalia chebula in Salmonella

typhimurium. Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental

Mutagenesis, 419: 169-179.

Singh and Chandan. (1990). Hydroxymicromeric acid, a new triterpene from

Terminalia chebula. Phytochemistry, 29: 2348-50.

Singh, C. J. and Singh, B. G. (1997). Antifungal activity of some plant extracts

against dermatophytes and related keratinophilic fungi. Advances in Plant

Sciences. 10: 249-251.

Singh, K. K., Palvi, S. K. and Singh , H. B. (1981). Survey and biological activity

of some medicinal plants of Mannanur forests, A. P. Indian J. for., 4: 115-

117.

Singh, S. K., Saroj, K. M., Tripathi, V. J., Singh, A. K. and Singh, R. H. (1988).

An Antimicrobial Principle from Sphaeranthus indicus L. (Family

Compositae). Int j Crude Res., 26: 235-239.

Singh, S., Malhotra, M. and Majumdar, D.K. (2005). Antibacterial activity of

Ocimum sanctum L. fixed oil. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology,

43:835- 837.

Singh, V. K. and D. K. Pandey. (1989). Fungitoxic studies on bark extract of

Lawsonia inermis against ringworm fungi. Hindustan Antibiotics Bulletin,

31: 32-35.

Sirat, H. M., Jamil, S. and Rahman, A. A. (1998). Sesquiterpenes from Curcuma

aeruginosa. Planta Medica, 64: 584-585.

Sirirat, S. (2010). Antifungal Activity of Ajowan Oil against Fusarium oxysporum.

KMITL Sci. Tech. J., 10: 2.

Bibilography

225

Skowroneck, P. and Gawronski, J. C. (2000). A simple circular dichroism method

for the determination of the absolute configuration of allylic amines.

Ttetrahedron Letter, 41: 2975.

Smith, E. C. J., Williamson, E. M., Wareham, N., Kaatz, G. W. and Gibbons, S

(2007). Antibacterials and modulators of bacterial resistance from the

immature cones of Chamaecyparis lawsoniana. Phytochemistry, 68: 210-

217.

Sofidiya, M. O., Odukoya, O. A., Familoni, O. B. and Inya-Agha, S. I. (2006). Free

radical scavenging activity of some Nigerian medicinal plant extracts.

Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 9: 1438-1441.

Soladoye, M. O., Sonibare, M. A. and Rosanwo, T. O. (2008). Phytochemical and

morphometric analysis of the genus Acalypha Linn. (Euphorbiaceae).

Journal of Applied Sciences, 8: 3044-3049.

Soma Roy., Kiranmayee Rao., Bhuvaneswari, C., Archana Giri and Mangamoori, L.

N. (2010). Phytochemical analysis of Andrographis paniculata extract and

its antimicrobial activity. World Journal of Microbiology &

Biotechnology, 26: 85-91.

Sousa, M., Pinheiro, C., Matos, M. E. O., Matos, F. J., Lacerda, M. I. and Craveiro,

A.A. (1991). Constituintes Químicos de Plantas Medicinais Brasileiras.

Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, p. 385-388.

Speroni, E., Cervellati, R., Innocenti, G., Costa, S., Guerra, M. C., Dall' Acqua, S.

and Govoni, P. (2005). Anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive and antioxidant

activities of Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Delile. Journal of

Bibilography

226

Ethnopharmacology, 98: 117-125.

Srinivasan, D., Sangeetha, N., Suresh, T. and Lakshmanaperumalsamy, P. (2001).

Antibacterial activity of Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Tamarind

(Tamarindus indica) leaves. Asian Journal of Microbiology,

Biotechnology and Environmental Science. 3: 67-73.

Srivastava, J. C. and Verma, A. R. (1965). Science and Culture, 31: 425-6.

Srivastava, J. C. and Verma, A. R. (1967). Indian Agriculturist, 11:69-70.

Srivastava, S. K. and S. D. Srivastava. (2004). Indian Journal of Chemistry, 43:

2731-2733.

Stahl, E. (1969). Thin Layer Chromatography. Spring-Verlag, Berlin.

Stanner, S. A., Hughes, J., Kelly, C. N. M. and Buttriss, J. (2004). A review of the

epidermiological evidence for the �antioxidant hypothesis�. Public Health

Nutrition, 7: 407-422.

Subban, M., Ramasamy, V. and Annamalai, P. (2011). Antifungal activity of

medicinal plants against plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum.

Journal of Pharmacy Research, 4: 843-844.

Subeki, M. H., Takahashi, K., Yamasaki, M., Yamato, O., Maede, Y., Kaakura, K.,

Kobayashi, S., Trimurningsih, C. and Yohsihara, T. (2005). Anti-bacterial

and anti-plasmodial compounds from Phyllanthus niruri. Journal of

Natural products, 68: 537-539.

Subhashini,D V. (2010). Fungicidal Properties of Some Medicinal Plants Against

Pythium aphanidermatum. Indian Journal of Plant Protection, 38: 1.

Suffredini, J. B., Sader, H. S., Goncalves, A. G., Reis, A. O., Gales, A. C., Varella,

Bibilography

227

A. D. and Younes, R. N. (2004). Screening of antimicrobial extracts from

plants native to the Brazilian Amazon rainforest and Atlantic forest. Brazil.

J. Med. Biol. Res. 37: 379-384.

Suleiman, M. N. and Emua, S. A. (2009). Efficacy of four plant extracts in the

control of root rot disease of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp). African

Journal of Biotechnology, 8: 3806-3808.

Sultanova, N., Makhmoor, T., Abilov, Z. A., Parween, Z., Omurkamzinova, V. B.,

Atta-ur-Rahman and Choudhary, M. I. (2001). Antioxidant and antimicrobial

activities of Tamarix ramosissima. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 78:

201-205.

Sunil babu. Koppula., Ammani, K. and Varaprasad Bobbarala. (2010). In vitro

screening of nine Indian medicinal plant species against selected clinical

pathogens. Journal of Pharmacy research 3: 166-168.

Sunil babu. K. and Ammani. K. (2006). Seminar on Recent Trends in

Microbiology, Department of Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University,

India.

Sunil Kumar., Dinesh Kumar., Manjusha., Kamal Saroha., Nidhan Singh and

Bhoodev Vashishta. (2008). Antioxidant and free radical scavenging

potential of Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad. methanolic fruit extract. Acta

Pharmaceutica, 58: 215-220.

Sunita, B. and Mahendra, R. (2008). Antifungal Activity of Essential Oils from

Indian Medicinal Plants Against Human Pathogenic Aspergillus fumigatus

and A. niger. World Journal of Medical Sciences, 3: 81-88.

Surender, S., Majumdar, D. K. and Yadav, M. R. (1996). Chemical and

Bibilography

228

pharmacological studies on fixed oil of Ocimum sanctum. Indian Journal of

Experimental Biology. 34: 1212-1215.

Surender, K. B. and Jitender, S. L. (2009). Antibacterial activity of some plant-

extracts against plant pathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas campestris pv.

Campestris. Indian j. Agric. Res., 43: 26-31.

Suresh, K., Saravana Babu, S. and Harisaranraj, R.(2008). Studies on In vitro

Antimicrobial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Rauvolfia tetraphylla.

Ethnobotanical Leaflets, 12: 586-90.

Suresh, S. N and. Nagarajan, N (2009). Antimicrobial activity and preliminary

phytochemical analysis of Begonia malabarica Lam. Journal of Pure and

Applied Microbiology, 3: 801-803.

Sy, L. K., Brown, G. D. and Sy, L. K. (1998). Three sesquiterpenes from Artemisia

annua. Phytochemistry, 48: 1207-1211.

Taddei, A. and Rosas, R. A. J. (2001). Bioactivity studies of extracts from Tridax

procumbens. Phytomedicine., 7: 235-238.

Tagashira, M. and Ohtake, Y. (1998). A new antioxidative 1, 3-benzodioxole from

Melissa officinalis. Planta Medica, 64: 555-558.

Takebe, G., Yarimizu, J., Saito, Y., Hayashi, T., Nakamura, H., Yodoi, J.,

Nagasawa, S. and Takahashi, K. (2002). A comparative study on the

hydroperoxide and thiol specificity of the glutathione peroxidase family and

selenoprotein P. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277: 41254-41258.

Takemura, Y., Nakamura, K., Hirusawa, T., Ju, I. M., Ito, C. and Furukawa, H.

(2000). Four new furanone, coumarins from Clausena excavate. Chemical

Bibilography

229

and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 48: 582-584.

Tang Li., Liu Ying., Wang YeLing and Long ChunLin. (2010). Phytochemical

analysis of an antiviral fraction of Radix astragali using

HPLC,DAD,ESI,MS/MS. Journal of Natural Medicines, 64: 182-186.

Tanira, M. O. M., Bashir, A. K., Dib, R., Goodwin, C. S., Wasfi, I. A. and Banna, N.

R. (1994). Antimicrobial and phytochemical screening of medicinal plants of

the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 41: 201-205.

Tepe, B., Sokmen, M., Akpulat, H. A. and Sokmen, A. (2006). Screening of the

antioxidant potentials of six Salvia species from Turkey. Food Chem. 95:

200-204.

Thabrew, M. I., Hughes, R. D. McFarlane, I. G. (1998). Antioxidant activity of

Osbeckia aspera. Phytother. Res., 12: 288-290.

Tolba, I. A. M., Gwily, A. M., Salem, N. A. E. and Ata, E. M. (2001). Investigation

of flavonoids, volatile oils and antimicrobial activity of Lotus polyphyllus.

Clarke Annals of Agricultural Science, 39: 2429-2443.

Tomoko, N., Takashi, A., Hiromu, T., Yuka, I., Hiroko, M., Munekazu, I.,

Totoshiyuki, T., Tetsuro, I., Fugio, A., Iriya, I., Tsutomu, N. and Kazuttito,

W. (2002). Antibacterial activity of extracts prepared from tropical and sub

tropical plants on methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J. Health Sci.,

48: 273-289.

Tripathi, V. K. and Ghosal, S., (1993/1994). Hydroxyl radical scavenging effect of

Zeetress. Indian Journal of Indigenous Medicines, 10: 39-42.

Bibilography

230

Tripathi, Y. B., Savita Shukla., Mukta Sharma and Shukla, V. K. (1995).

Antioxidant property of Rubia cordifolia extract and its comparison with

vitamin E and parabenzoquinone. Phytotherapy Research, 9: 440-443.

Tshibangu, J. N., Wright, A. D. and Konig, G. M. (2003). HPLC isolation of the

antiplasmodially active bisbenzylisoquinone alkaloids present in roots of

Cissampelos mucronata. Phytochemical Analysis, 14: 13-22.

Umek, A., Kreft, S., Kartnig, T. and Heydel, B. (1999). Quantitative phytochemical

analysis of six Hypericum species growing in Slovenia. Planta Medica, 65:

388-390.

Vaghasiya, Y., Dave, R. and Chanda, S. (2011). Phytochemical Analysis of Some

Medicinal Plants from Western Region of India. Research Journal of

Medicinal Plant, 5: 567-576.

Valentao, P., Fernandes, E., Carvalho, F., Andrade, P. B., Seabra, R. M. and Bastos,

M. L. (2001). Antioxidant activity of Hypericum androsaemum infusion.

Biologically-active phytochemicals in food: analysis, metabolism,

bioavailability and function. Proceedings of the Eurofoodchem XI

Meeting, Norwich, UK, 363-365.

Valentao, P., Fernandes, E., Carvalho, F., Andrade, P. B., Seabra, R. M. and Bastos,

M. de L. (2002). Antioxidant activity of Hypericum androsaemum infusion:

scavenging activity against superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical and

hypochlorous acid. Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 25: 1320-1323.

Valentova, K., Cvak, L., Muck, A., Ulrichova, J. and Simanek, V. (2003).

Antioxidant activity of extracts from the leaves of Smallanthus sonchifolius.

European Journal of Nutrition, 42: 61-66.

Bibilography

231

Valsaraj, R., Pushpangadan, P., Smitt, V. W., Adsersen, A. and Nyman, V. (1998).

Antimicrobial screening of selected medicinal plants from India. Journal of

ethnopharmacology, 58: 75-83.

Van Tellingen, O. (2001). The Importance of Drug Transporting P-glycoproteins in

Toxicology. Toxicology Letters, 1: 31-41.

Varaprasad Bobbarala. (2009). Bioactivity of Andrographis paniculata against

selected phytopathogens. Journal of pharmacy research, 2: 3.

Varaprasad, B., Prasanth kumar. K., Chandrasekhar. K and Somasekhar.P. (2009).

Antifungal activity of selected plant extracts against phytopathogenic fungi

Aspergillus niger F2723. Indian Journal of Science and Technology. Vol.

2 No 4.

Varga, I. S. Z., Matkovics, B., Sasvari, M. and Salgo, L. (1998). Comparative study

of plasma antioxidant status in normal and pathological cases. Curr Topics

Biophys., 22: 219-224.

Vasinauskiene, M., Radusiene, J., Zitikaite, I and Surviliene, E (2006). Antibacterial

activities of essential oils from aromatic and medicinal plants against growth

of phytopathogenic bacteria. Agronomy Research 4:437-440.

Vaya, J. and Aviram, M. (2001). Nutritional antioxidants, Mechanism of action,

analysis of activities and medical applications. Curr. Med. Chem-Imm.

Endoc., & Metab. Agents., 1: 99-117.

Vedpriya, A., Sanjay, Y., Sandeep, K. and Yadav, J. P. (2010). Antimicrobial

activity of Cassia occidentalis (leaf) against various human pathogenic

microbes. Life sciences and medicine research, 9: 1-11.

Bibilography

232

Veit, M., Van Rensen, I., Kirch, J., Czygan, F. C (1992). HPLC analysis of

phenolics and flavonoids in Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. Planta Med Suppl.,

58: 687.

Velavan, S., Nagulendran, K., Mahesh, R. and Begum, V. H. (2007). In vitro

antioxidant activity of Asparagus racemosus root. Pharmacognosy

Magazine, 3: 26-33.

Velioglu, Y. S., Mazza, G., Gao, L. and Oomah, B, D. (1998). Antioxidant activity

and total phenolics in selected fruits, vegetables, and grain products. J.

Agric. Food Chem., 46: 4113-4117.

Venere, D., Linsalata, V., Sergio, L., Cardinali, A., Pieralice, M. and Bianco, V. V.

(2004). Phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of some wild edible

species of the Mediterranean bush maquis. Italus Hortus, 11: 128- 131.

Vimal Kumar, Gogoi, B. J. Meghvansi, M.K., Lokendra Singh, Srivastava, R.B. and

Deka, D.C., 2009. Determining the antioxidant activity of certain medicinal

plants of Sonitpur, (Assam), India using DPPH assay. Journal of Phytology,

1: 49�56.

Vivek K, B. and Sun, C. K. (2010). Antifungal Activity of Leaf Essential Oil and

Extracts of Metasequoia glyptostroboides Miki ex Hu. J Am Oil Chem Soc.,

87:327�336.

Waiss, A. C., Jr.; Elliger, C. A.; Haddon, W. F.; Benson, M. (1993). Insect

inhibitory steroidal saccharide esters from Physalis peruviana. Journal of

Natural Products. 56: 1365-1372.

Bibilography

233

Wang, M., Li, J., Rangarajan, M., Shao, Y., LaVoie, E.J., Huang, T.C. and Ho, C.T.

(1998). Antioxidative phenolic compounds from sage (Salvia officinalis). J.

Agric. Food Chem., 46: 4869-4873.

Wang, L. F. and Zhang, H. Y. (2003). A theoretical investigation on DPPH radical-

scavenging mechanism of edaravone. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 13: 3789-

3792.

Wang, L. S., Yen, J. H., Liang, H. L. and Wu, M. J. (2003). Antioxidant effect of

methanol extracts from lotus plumule and blossom (Nelumbo nucifera

Gertn.). Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 11: 60-66.

Warrier P. K., (1994-1996) Indian Medicinal Plants- A compendium of 500 species

Vol. 5, p 396.

Were, O., Munavu, R. M., Lwande, W. and Nyandat, E. (1990). Flavonoids from

Tephrosia interrupta and T. linearis. Fitoterapia, 61: 4- 372.

Westh, H., Zinn, C. S. and Rosdahl, V. T. (2004). Sarisa Study Group: An

international multicenter study of antimicrobial consumption and resistance

in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from 15 hospitals in 14 countries.

Microbial Drug Resistance, 10: 169-176

Wiart, C., Mogana, S., Khalifah, S., Mahan, M., Ismail, S., Buckle, M., Narayana,

A.K. and Sulaiman, M. (2004). Antimicrobial screening of plants used for

traditional medicine in the state of Perak, Penisular Malaysia. Fitoteropia,

75: 68-73.

Wieffering, J. H. (1966). Aucubinartige Glucoside (Pseudoindikane) und verwandte

Bibilography

234

Heteroside als systematische Merkmale. Phytochemistry, 5:1053-1064.

Williams, V. L. (1996). The Witwater Strand Multitrade. Veld and Flora, 82: 12 �

14.

Wilson, C. W. (1939). Journal of American chemical society, 61:2303

Wiseman, H and Halliwell, B. (1996). Damage to DNA by reactive oxygen and

nitrogen species: Role in inflammatory disease and progression to cancer.

Biochem, J., 313: 17-29.

Witztum, J. L. (1994). Oxidative hypothesis of atherosclerosis. Lancet, 344: 793-

795.

Wu F., Zhao, G., Zeng, L., Zhang, Y., Schwedler, J. T., McLaughlin, J. L. and

Sastrodihardjo, S. (1995). Additional bioactive acetogenins, annomutacin

and (2, 4-trans and cis)-10R-annonacin-A-ones, from the leaves of Annona

muricata. Journal of Natural Products. 58: 1430-1437.

Wu Qing., Huang XiaoYu., Lei HongTao and Chen GuoLian. (2001). Study on

antioxidant activity of essential oil from flavelo and extracts of mesocarp and

seed of Shatian shaddock. Journal of South China Agricultural

University, 22: 88-91.

Wufem, B. M., Adamu, H. M., Cham, Y. A. and Kela, S. L. (2007). Preliminary

studies on the antivenin potential and phytochemical analysis of the crude

extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca (Linn.) Delile on albino rats. Natural

Product Radiance, 6: 18-21.

Xie, C., Kokubun, T., Houghton, P. J. and Simmonds, M. S.(2004). Antibacterial

activity of the Chinese traditional medicine, Zi Hua Di Ding. Phytother

Bibilography

235

Res., 18: 497-500.

Yadav, R. N. and Verma, V. (2003). Antimicrobial activity of a novel flavonaol

glycoside isolated from the roots of Clitoria ternatea Linn. Asian Journal of

Chemistry, 15: 842-846.

Yang, X. F., Lei, H. M., Fu, H. Z., Lin, W. H., Yang, X.F., Lei, H. M., Fu, H. Z. and

Lin, W. H. (2000). Study on the flavonoids from the seeds of Koelreuteria

paniculata Laxm. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica, 35: 208-211.

Yang, J. Q., Li, S., Domann, F. E., Buettner, G. R. and Oberley, L. W (1999),

Superoxide generation in v-Ha-Ras ± transduced human keratinocyte Haca T

cells. Molecular Carcinogenesis, 26: 180-188.

Yanishlieva, N. V. and Marinova, E. M. (1995). Antioxidant activity of selected

species of the family Lamiaceae grown in Bulgaria. Nahrung, 39: 458-463.

Yazaki, K. (2004). Natural Products and Metabolites. Handbook of Plant

Biotechnology (Klee, H. and Christou, P., Eds.), John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Pp

811-857.

Ye, W. C., Liu, X., Zhang, Q. W., Che, C. T., Zhao, S. X., Ye, W. C., Liu, X.,

Zhang, Q. W., Che, C. T. and Zhao, S. X. (2001). Antisweet saponins from

Gymnema sylvestre. Journal of Natural Products, 64: 232-235.

Yldrm, A., Mavi, A. and Kara, A. A. (2003). Antioxidant and antimicrobial

activities of Polygonum cognatum Meissn extracts. Journal of the Science

of Food and Agriculture, 83: 64-69.

Yoshikawa, M., Murakami, T., Hirano, K., Inadzuki, M., Ninomiya, K. and

Matsuda, H. (1997). Scorzonerosides A, B, and C, novel triterpene

oligoglycosides with hepatoprotective effect from Chinese Bupleuri Radix,

Bibilography

236

the roots of Bupleurum scorzonerifolium Willd. Tetrahedron Letters, 38: 7395-

7398.

Young, M. C. M., Araujo, A. R., Silva, C. A., Lopes, M. N., Trevisan, L. M. V.,

Bolzani, V. S. and Da, S. C. A. (1998). Triterpenes and saponins from

Rudgea viburnioides. Journal of Natural Products, 61: 936-938.

Yu, L., Haley, S., Perret, J., Harris, M., Wilson. J. and Qian, M. (2002b). Free

radical scavenging properties of wheat extracts, Journal of Agricultural

and Food Chemistry, 50: 1619-1624.

Yue, Q., Fang, Q., Liang, X., He, C. and Jing, X. (1995). Rearranged taxoids from

Taxus yunnanensis. Planta Medica. 61: 375-377.

Zarate, R., Dirks, C., Heijden, R., Verpoorte, R. and van der Heijden, R. (2001).

Terpenoid indole alkaloid profile changes in Catharanthus pusillus during

development. Plant Science, 160: 971-977.

Zeid, A. H. S. A. (1998). Chemical and biological study of the leaves of some Musa

species: Egyptian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 39: 379-398.

Zeng, L., Zhang, R. Y., Meng, T. and Lou, Z. C. (1990). Determination of nine

flavonoids and coumarins in licorice root by high, performance liquid

chromatography. Journal of Chromatography, 513: 247-254.

Zhang, H. L., Chen, K., Pei, Y. H., Hua, H. M. (2001). Research on the chemical

constituents of Terminalia chebula Retz. Journal of Shenyang

Pharmaceutical University. 2001-06.

Bibilography

237

Zhao GuangRong., Xiang ZhiJun., Ye TingXiang., Yuan YingJin and Guo ZhiXin.

(2006). Antioxidant activities of Salvia miltiorrhiza and Panax notoginseng.

Food Chemistry, 99: 767-774.

Zheleva, D. D., Gevrenova, R., Nedialkov, P. and Kitanov, G. (2007). Simultaneous

determination of benzophenones and gentisein in Hypericum annulatum

Moris by high, performance liquid chromatography. Phytochemical

Analysis, 18: 1-6.

Zupko, I., Hohmann, J., Redei, D., Falkay, G., Janicsak, G. and Mathe, I. (2001).

Antioxidant activity of leaves of Salvia species in enzyme dependent and

enzyme independent systems of lipid peroxidation and their phenolic

constituents. Planta Med., 67: 366� 8.