DESIGNING DEFINED SURFACE STRUCTURES WITH POLYAMIDE POWDERS

The High Performance Polymers Business Line belonging to the resource Efficiency Segment produces customized products, systems and semi-finished products based on high performance polymers that are used in various industrial areas. We have been producing polyamide 12 based products for more than 50 years.

Evonik. Power to create.

Evonik, the creative industrial group from Germany, is one of the world leaders in specialty chemicals. Its activities focus on the key megatrends health, nutrition, resource efficiency and globalization. Evonik is active in over 100 countries around the world.

Polyamide network of a coil coating lacquer surfaceVESTOSINT® 2157 natural color

OH

PolyesterPolyacryl

EpoxiAlkyd

Isocyanate NCO

HOOC COOHNH-(CH2)11-COn

500 µm50 µm

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High Performance Polymers offers a series of polyamide 12 powders (PA 12) sold under the trade name VESTOSINT® and copolyamide powders and granules named VESTAMELT®.

VESTAMELT® powders are used to design defined surface structures

VESTOSINT® powders are manu-factured by a special physical process and feature a nearly round geometry, which cannot be reproduced by con-ventional pulverization technologies.

The addition of VESTOSINT® fine powders to formulations results in abrasion-resistant, highly elastic textured lacquers. In the various types of lacquer systems, existing reactive groups integrate the polyamide particles into the coating matrix.

INTRODUCTION

FINE POWDERS AT THEIR BEST

CONTENT Page

Introduction 2Product overview 4Properties 6Applications 10Ecology and safety 14

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PRODUCTOVERVIEW

Characteristics of various VESTOSINT® grades and their applications

VESTAMELT® particle sizes and applications

VESTAMELT® Particle size [µm] Application430-P06 0-63 Coatings and hot melts

We designate as fine powders those powders with a particle size of less than 100 µm.

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[µm]

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

[%]

Average particle diameter Applications

VESTOSINT®Malvern Mastersizer [µm] (D50)

Sympatec Helos [µm] (D50) Coatings Composites Minicoat

2155 natural color 64 –

2157 natural color 56 54 –

2157 white 56 54 –

2157 black 56 54 –

2158 natural color 21 20 – –

2159 natural color 11 10 –

2161 natural color 28 26 – –

2162 natural color 45 45 – –

2070 natural color 6 5 – –

1111 natural color 90 – –

1164 white 55 – –

1184 white 50 – –

PRODUCT OVERVIEW

Particle size distribution

The particle size distribution is measured bylaser diffraction. The value D50 stands for the average grain size. Depending on the measuring instruments, the value may vary slightly.

suitable

Typical particle size distribution of selected VESTOSINT® fine powders

VESTOSINT®natural color 2070

2159 2158

2161 2162 2157

2155

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PROPERTIES

Physical properties of natural colored materials, pure powders

VESTOSINT® fine powders have been used as lacquer and paint additives since 1980. Different particle sizes and particle size distributions of VESTOSINT® fine powders can be used individually or in mixtures. By integrating the polyamide powder into the lacquer system through functional groups, our customers can influence the structure of surfaces with extreme precision – coating a variety of substrates, for example, with abrasion-resistant, highly elastic paints. The addition of VESTAMELT® to lacquers is a relatively new application.

Integration through functional groups

VESTOSINT® fine powders create a textured, matte surface, and improve surfaces through

Increased abrasion resistance Increased elasticity Reduced dirt pickup Reduced friction

VESTAMELT® additives show the same effects but to a lower extent.

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Glo

ss [6

0°]

0 1 2 4 8 12

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

% by weight VESTOSINT® 2070

natural color

28

95

85

75

60

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PROPERTIES

Matting effect

Using VESTOSINT® fine powders, the coating surfaces can be textured and matte, and the extent can be varied through the particle size and particle size distribution, as well as by the amount of powder. In doing so the equivalent mass density of polyamide 12 prevents settling out.

Matting effect depending on powder amount

Property Test method Unit VESTOSINT

Melting Temperature ISO 3146 °C 184

Density 23°C ISO 1183 g/cm³ 1.016

Shore hardness D ISO 868 75

Ball indentation hardness ISO 2039-1 N/mm³ 90

Water absorption ISO 62 %

100°C, immersion 1.93

23°C, 96% r.h. 1.33

23 °C, 50% r.h. 0.52

Abrasion DIN 53754 (Taber) mg/100 turns <1

Refractive index nd 589/20°C DIN 53491 1.52

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Paint VESTOSINT® Primer

VESTOSINT® particles are tough PA12 components stopping ongoing abrasion

Elasticity

VESTOSINT® powders improve the elasticity of lacquers and paints. Thus coated sheets can be bent with a radius of 180°C without any cracks in the coating film, for example, for roller shutters.

When added to lacquers and paints VESTOSINT® polyamide 12 powders improve the abrasion resistance. A further suitable component for influencing the surface qualities and abrasion of coating films is wax, particularly micronized PE waxes. From a performance standpoint, however, high concentrations of waxes have adverse effects in the coating film such as sensitivity to fingerprints, exudation, or a spotted texture due to inhomogeneous distribution of the wax.

By contrast the combination of wax and VESTOSINT® powder both added to a coating composition does not lead to such effects resulting in a similar improvement. The best result , however, is achieved when the polyamide powder has been coated beforehand with a wax.

Abrasion resistance

Combination Abrasion [mg]

Pure lacquer 90VESTOSINT® only 72Wax coated VESTOSINT® (V200324) 62Wax and VESTOSINT® 52Wax coated VESTOSINT® (V200324) and wax 30

Abrasion resistance dependent on various VESTOSINT® and wax combinations*

* Systems patent-registered by Evonik Industries

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resistant almost resistant limited resistant low resistance

Chemical resistance of polyamide 12

Chemical resistance

Polyamide 12 shows a very good chemical resistance against solvents and bases. The resistance against strong acids is limited.

Reduction of soiling

VESTOSINT® coated parts pick up less dirt and dust resulting in, for example, durable bright-colored, metal facades.

Test duration and temperature

Medium Concentration [%]20°C 6 months

60°C 4 weeks

Acetone (b.p. 56.3°C) 100Dishwashing agents ready for useEthanol, not denatured 100Ethyl acetate 100Methanol 100Methyl ethyl ketone 100Petroleum 100

PROPERTIES

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APPLICATIONSVESTOSINT® & VESTAMELT®

Coil coating

VESTOSINT® and VESTAMELT® powder particles in coatings act as impact absorbers and prevent the surface from cracking. They work in much the same way as impact modifiers work for plastics. In coil coating lacquers, the powders

create a uniform finely textured surface that can be modified by using different polyamide particle size distributions,

produce satin gloss due to different refractive indices of polyamide and coating resin,

show very good resistance to soiling which is important for coatings in external architectural use,

and provide very good abrasion resistance.

The coatings contain no other matting agents that can decrease weathering resistance and elasticity.

The abrasion resistance is improved by the chemical bonding between the polyamide particles and the coating resins. This prevents the powder from being rubbed out.

Polyamide-reinforced polyester or poly-urethane paints are especially suitable for roller-type shutter profiles. The incorpo-rated polyamide particles guarantee an excellent formability of the metal sheet into the shutter profile. Due to its out-standing abrasion resistance, the coating is suited for long-term use in shutters.

COIL COATING

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Additives for textured paints

VESTOSINT® and VESTAMELT® powders can be incorporated into both hot-curing and cold-curing coatings, in solvent as well as aqueous systems. The resulting coating has a high flexural strength, elastic-ity and very good abrasion resistance.

Very fine powders with a narrow particle size distribution are used as paint additives. The median particle size is between 5 and 60 µm.

APPLICATIONS

Textural coil coating of appliance goods, for example coating of cases for entertainment electronics in dark colors, is another example where abrasion resistance is important.

The addition of VESTOSINT® and VESTAMELT® to polyester melamine or polyurethane lacquer formulations allows for the perfect, blister-free application of coil coatings with higher layer thickness (high-build primer, thicker top coats).

Further application options are available upon request. Please do not hesitate to

contact High Performance Polymers with any questions about the selection of binders or basic formulations.

The offered VESTOSINT® fine powders and VESTAMELT® vary by particle size and particle size distribution. A single powder grade or a combination of two or more powder grades can be used to obtain the desired surface or texture.

Further information regarding coil coating applications you will find on www.evonik.com/dynapol

COMPOSITESRUBBER SURFACE

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VESTOSINT®

WOOD PAINTS

Wood paints

In wood paints, VESTOSINT® powders improve abrasion resistance and are used as a textural additive. The combination of VESTOSINT® fine powders in different colors creates interesting pepper-and-salt effects.

Crosslinkable powder paints

VESTOSINT® fine powders are also used as an additive in crosslinkable powder paint systems. They improve elasticity, impact strength and abrasion resistance. Depending on particle size distribution, textured surfaces can be designed.

Packaging foils

Approved both in the European Union and the USA for food-contact applications, and for contact with drinking water, VESTOSINT® fine powders are excellent for use as spacers in such applications as aluminum packaging foils. They also reduce wear of the rollers in foil manu-facturing.

Rubber surfaces

VESTOSINT® fine powders are used to coat rubber profiles for the automotive industry. The spherical particle shape and the low coefficient of sliding friction with glass reduce the energy needed to open or close windows. Instead of flocking, coarser powders are scattered on adhesive while finer grades may be added directly to the paint.

MINICOATING

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APPLICATIONS

COMPOSITESPACKAGING FOILS

Thermoset matricesVESTOSINT® powders can also be used to toughen epoxy and polyurethane resin systems for thermoset matrices. They increase the elasticity and the abrasion resistance of these systems.

Further information regarding composites applications you will find on www.evonik.com/composites

Composites

Thermoplastic matricesThe easily flowing VESTOSINT® powder is scattered uniformly onto the surface of thermoplastic composites and sintered on in a downstream oven. Two passes through the scattering station also allow for double-sided coating.

The composite can be cut to size, com-bined in several layers, and compressed at temperatures above 200°C to produce moldings –– so called organosheets –– that combine high strength with light weight.

In contrast to thermoset moldings, they can also be reshaped later. Waste material can be chopped up and reprocessed as a filled thermoplastic by any current method for plastics processing.

Minicoating

The main fields of application of mini-coating include the coating of brassiere parts and component coating for the electrical and automotive industries. The principle of minicoating is similar to that of fluidized bed sintering. Hot (small) parts drop into a VESTOSINT® powder pan in which the powder is kept in sus-pension by vibration or air. As the parts fall, the powder sinters to the metallic surface. Subsequently, the objects are conveyed out of the VESTOSINT® con-tainer in a vibrating trough and the sur-face is further smoothed, no matter what the shape of the articles being coated.

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PHYSOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION

ECOLOGYAND SAFETY

Physological and toxicological evaluation

Upon request the Environment, Health, Safety and Quality Department, respon-sible for the High Performance Polymers Line, can provide a survey of the toxico-logical properties of VESTOSINT® and VESTAMELT® powders or evaluations relating to contact with foods. This department is responsible for providing information on all product safety aspects, as well as authoring EC safety data sheets for both products. Please send inquiries to the contact addresses provided at the end of the brochure.

Food contact – EU status

VESTOSINT® polyamide 12 powders are approved in the European Union for direct food contact with a migration limit of 5 mg/kg for laurolactam. The migration value must be tested and complied with on the finished product itself.

FDA status

Under 21 CFR, § 177.1500 (a) (9) (Nylon Resins) of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), polyamide 12 powder is currently licensed in the U.S.A. for repeated-use coatings. The license does not apply to contact with alcohol-containing foods or beverages.

Drinking water

Special VESTOSINT® powders satisfy even the most rigorous criteria for contact with drinking water. For information please contact us at the addresses provided.

The VESTAMELT® grades used as an additive for lacquers and paints do not have any approval for food contact.

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ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS, QUALITY AND DELIVERY

Environmentalimpact and safety

VESTOSINT® and VESTAMELT® powders are non-toxic, do not require mandatory labeling under the German Hazardous Substances Ordinance, and are non-water-polluting. They do not contain any heavy metals. They can be disposed of in land-fills or incinerated as normal household waste in accordance with local ordinances. The EC Safety Data Sheets of the pro-ducts provide further instructions.

If VESTOSINT® and VESTAMELT® powders are properly processed, no hazardous by-products are formed. Cadmium-containing pigments are not used at all.authoring EC safety data sheets for both products. Please send inquiries to the contact addresses provided at the end of the brochure.

Both powders are combustible. At mass temperatures above 350 °C, flammable gases are formed by degradation.

ECOLOGY AND SAFETY

Combustion with sufficient air supply yields CO, CO2, H2O and nitrogen-containing compounds as end products. Since the spectrum of cracking and com-bustion products greatly depends on the combustion conditions, it is not possible to make any general statements here.

Complete information is contained in the corresponding safety data sheet, available on request.

Quality

The proven quality management system of the High Performance Polymers Business Line, from development through produc-tion to quality assurance, ensures a high level of quality for VESTOSINT® powders. We are continually optimizing our ISO 9001:2008 quality management system, which has been certified since 1992. And the response from our cus-tomers has been overwhelmingly positive: Almost all of them gave our services and the manage-ment system the highest possible ranking.

Supply form

VESTOSINT® powders can be delivered in several particle size distributions tailored to the different processing methods. Delivery is, depending on bulk density, in bags with 20 kg net weight or in card-board boxes with an inner bag with 15 kg net weight. A unit of shipment consists of a pallet with 50 bags (1,000 kg) or 25 boxes (375 kg) depending on the product. In rooms protected from the weather, the minimum shelf life is at least two years from the production date if the packaging is not damaged or opened. The transport temperature should be below 45°C, and the storage temperature should not exceed 30°C. The product should be processed on a first in first out basis.

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CONTACTS

Your global contactPaul-Ludwig Waterkamppaul-l.waterkamp@evonik.com

Your contact for the AmericasRay Holdenray.holden@evonik.com

Your contact for Asia and Pacific RegionJacky Yangjacky.yang@evonik.com

Evonik Resource Efficiency GmbHHigh Performance Polymers45764 MarlGermany phone +49 2365 49-9227evonik-hp@evonik.com

www.vestosint.comwww.evonik.com

This information and any recommendations, technical or otherwise, are presented in good faith and believed to be correct as of the date prepared. Recipients of this information and recommendations must make their own deter-mination as to its suitability for their purposes. In no event shall Evonik assume liability for damages or losses of any kind or nature that result from the use of or reliance upon this information and recommendations. EVONIK EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ANY REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO THE ACCURACY, COMPLETENESS, NON-INFRINGEMENT, MERCHANTABILITY AND/OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE (EVEN IF EVONIK IS AWARE OF SUCH PURPOSE) WITH RESPECT TO ANY INFORMATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS PROVIDED. Reference to any trade names used by other companies is neither a recommendation nor an endorsement of the corresponding product, and does not imply that similar products could not be used. Evonik reserves the right to make any changes to the information and/or recom-mendations at any time, without prior or sub-sequent notice.

® = registered trademark

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