VI. Anaerobic VI. Anaerobic RespirationRespiration

This process occurs when This process occurs when oxygen is oxygen is NOTNOT available to available to

produceproduce ATPATP..

OR FOR ORGANISMS THAT DON’T OR FOR ORGANISMS THAT DON’T NEED AS MUCH ENERGY!NEED AS MUCH ENERGY!

A. 2 Stages to ANaerobic CRA. 2 Stages to ANaerobic CR11. . GlycolysisGlycolysis – – 11stst stage stage (same as normal (same as normal

CR)CR) a. Reactant: Glucosea. Reactant: Glucose

b. Products: 2 ATPb. Products: 2 ATP 2 NADH2 NADH 2 pyruvic acid 2 pyruvic acid

2. 2. FermentationFermentation- - 22ndnd stage. stage. occurs occurs insteadinstead

of of Krebs and ETCKrebs and ETC when when NO oxygenNO oxygen is is available.available.

B. No oxygen available B. No oxygen available so:so:

1. No free NAD+ molecules in the cell1. No free NAD+ molecules in the cell

2. Fermentation does NOT produce ATP. 2. Fermentation does NOT produce ATP. (The only ATP from anaerobic (The only ATP from anaerobic

respiration respiration is from glycolysis!) is from glycolysis!)

A. It changes NADH- to NAD+, A. It changes NADH- to NAD+, so so glycolysis can continue. glycolysis can continue.

..

C. Two types of fermentation:C. Two types of fermentation:

1. Alcoholic1. Alcoholic

2. Lactic Acid2. Lactic Acid

D. Alcoholic FermentationD. Alcoholic Fermentation1. Only bacteria and yeast use this1. Only bacteria and yeast use this

2. Reactants: Pyruvic acid and NADH (from glycolysis)2. Reactants: Pyruvic acid and NADH (from glycolysis)

3. Products:3. Products: a. alcohol (2 carbon molecule) a. alcohol (2 carbon molecule) b. carbon dioxideb. carbon dioxide

c. NAD+c. NAD+

4. EQUATION:4. EQUATION: pyruvic acid + NADHpyruvic acid + NADH alcohol +CO alcohol +CO22 + NAD + NAD++

5. Used in baking and alcohol industries5. Used in baking and alcohol industries

YeastYeast

Alcoholic FermentationAlcoholic Fermentation

COCO22 bubbles bubbles CO2 bubbles make

Bread rise and make bubbles in beer

E. Lactic Acid E. Lactic Acid FermentationFermentation

1. Takes place in: 1. Takes place in: a. skeletal muscle cells a. skeletal muscle cells during vigorous during vigorous exercise exercise i. muscles can’t get oxygen fast enough i. muscles can’t get oxygen fast enough for for aerobic CRaerobic CR

ii. creates burning and sorenessii. creates burning and soreness in muscles during and after in muscles during and after

exercise.exercise.

b. In the food industry, bacteria b. In the food industry, bacteria use lactic acid to make: use lactic acid to make:

i. dairy productsi. dairy products

ii. pickled productsii. pickled products

The NAD+ allows glycolysis to happen again.

4. Reactants: Pyruvic Acid and NADH (from glycolysis)

5. Products: Lactic acid and NAD+

6. 6. EQUATION:EQUATION:

Pyruvic acid + NADH Pyruvic acid + NADH lactic acid lactic acid + + NADNAD++

Comparing Comparing

Aerobic CRAerobic CR

Anaerobic Fermentation CRAnaerobic Fermentation CR

Anaerobic Lactic Acid CRAnaerobic Lactic Acid CR

AerobicAerobic1. 1. Cell type-Cell type- body cells under normal body cells under normal

conditionsconditions

2. 2. ReactantsReactants- glucose and oxygen- glucose and oxygen

3. 3. ProductsProducts- carbon dioxide and water- carbon dioxide and water Energy- 36 ATP’sEnergy- 36 ATP’s

4. 4. 3 STAGES3 STAGES: Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, ETC: Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, ETC

Anaerobic-Anaerobic-AlcoholAlcohol FermentationFermentation

1. 1. Cell type-Cell type- Bacteria and yeast Bacteria and yeast

2. 2. ReactantReactant- glucose- glucose

3. 3. ProductsProducts- Alcohol, carbon dioxide and NAD+- Alcohol, carbon dioxide and NAD+ Energy – 2 ATP- FROM GLYCOLYSIS Energy – 2 ATP- FROM GLYCOLYSIS NOT FERMENTATIONNOT FERMENTATION

4. 4. 2 STAGES2 STAGES: Glycolysis, Alcoholic fermentation: Glycolysis, Alcoholic fermentation

Anaerobic Anaerobic Lactic AcidLactic Acid1. 1. Cell type-Cell type- muscle cells when no oxygen muscle cells when no oxygen

available (and bacteria) available (and bacteria)

2. 2. ReactantReactant- glucose- glucose

3. 3. ProductsProducts- lactic acid and NAD+- lactic acid and NAD+Energy – 2ATP – FROM Energy – 2ATP – FROM GLYCOLYSIS NOT GLYCOLYSIS NOT ERMENTATION!ERMENTATION!

4. 4. 2 STAGES2 STAGES: Glycolysis, Lactic acid fermentation: Glycolysis, Lactic acid fermentation