What do we call to them?

Visual Impairment is vision loss (of a person) to such a degree as to

qualify as an additional support need through a significant limitation of visual capability resulting from either disease, trauma, or congenital or degenerative conditions that cannot be corrected by conventional means, such as refractive correction or medication.[

They are normal people, but their differences are their sights.

They have the same need and opportunity to have the educational attainment.

2 Nature of Visual Impairment

• a person who have some remaining vision that can be used to perform some task.

Low Vision

• a person who have some remaining vision that can be used to perform some task.

Low Visio

n

Characteristics of Visually ImpairedPhysical Characteristic

Intellectual learning

Social and Emotional

Causes of Blindness

Prenatal Cause - congenital blind Retinitis Pigmentosa - disfunction of retina Diabetic Retinopathy – growth of new blood vessels

in the retina and vitreous that can lead to vision loss. Infection Diseases – Urinary tract infection (UTI)

during pregnancy Post-natal – the baby had typhoid fever Glaucoma -  intraocular pressure-associated optic

neuropathy Cataract – clouding of all or part of the lens

Accidence – eye injury or over exposure of electricity

Heredity Pre-mature birth – retinopathy of pre-mature

baby Malnutrition – lack of vitamin A Rh factor(rhesus) – blood incompatibility Sickness – having German measles Eye infection – conjunctivitis and stye

How to Determine a Child with an eye problem?1. See the appearance of the eyes.

ex. Blinks excessively, eyes are in constant rapid motion, crust present in eyelids2. Complains when using eyes.

ex. Sensitivity to light, itching eyes or eyelids, nausea after reading3. They are different when it comes to writing.

ex. Tilts head to one side, has trouble staying within lines, leaves out numbers, letters or words or phrases4. They are different when it comes to reading.

ex. Head turns as student reads across page, rubs eyes often, blinks often, covers eyes, re-reads or skip lines.

Functional Vision (Low Vision)

Tunnel Vision

Peripheral Vision

Irregular Vision

Overall Blurred

How to Asses a person with Visual Impairment

Eye Screening

Informal Assesment

• - use checklist or tool for identification

Opthalmologist

•E-chart•Finger counting

Materials Needed for Eye Screening

1. E- Chart2. Cardboard3. Pen Light4. Colored Toys5. Masking tape6. Pre-measured ribbon (6 meters in length)

Instructions:(Getting the distance visual acuity by the use of E- chart)

1.Hold the chart in front of you ,so the E-chart is pointing to your left.2.Show the student how to point three fingers in the same direction as E-chart3.Turn the chart so the E is pointing down. Show the student again how to point with his fingers in the same direction as E-chart.4.Do the same in all directions (up ,down ,right ,left )until the student understand how to correctly point the same as E- chart.

Procedure:1.Measure and mark a line on the floor 6meters,3meters and 1 meter fom the chart.(the student can sit/stand at this line facing the chart).Make sure the room is well lit,but that light is not shining or glaring directly to the student’s eyes.2.Show the student how to cover his left eye with a cardboard or ask somebody to cover the students left eye,so that he cannot see with his left eye.3. Hold the E-chart and stand 6 meters away from the student(chart is eye level with the client).Show the next letter E,6/18 if he can see them , show again the next E, 6/9 if he can see them then his vision is okay and his visual acuity is 6/9 but if he cannot see them refer them to the optometrist for refraction.4.If the student can’t see the 6/18 E letter then show him the biggest letter E and his visual acuity is 6/60. If he can’t see the biggest letter E,move three meters closer.When the student can see the big letter E at that distance his visual acuity is 3/60.

Getting the near Visual Acuity 1.Hold the near chart 40 cm away from the student. Show the 4E with

font size of 6m and ask him to point in the same direction of E. If he gets all correctly , show him the 2.5m and do the same, if he gets all correctly show him the 1.8m if he gets correctly proceed to 1m. If he can still follow correctly the visual acuity is 1 mat a distance of 40 inches.

If at 40 inches the student cannot recognize the E’s, let the student hold the chart at a distance where he can see the largest E from the near chart and try to apply the same procedure. (Just remember that the visual acuity at near is the smallest font of E that can be recognized at a certain distance from 40 inches or closer).

5. If at a distance of 3 meters, he can’t see the biggest letter E ,move 1 meter closer to the student. If that distance he can seeThe biggest letter E, his visual acuity is 1/60.

6. If at one meter the student can’t still see the big letter E, his visual acuity is <1/60. refer to opthal. & low vision specialist.

KINDS OF ASSESSMENT (Informal Assessment)

Functional Vision Assessment Learning style Assessment Identification of Visual Impairment Tool Communication Assessment Social Skills Assessment Pre Braille Assessment Braille Reading Assessment

How can I Help My Friend who is blind 1. Introduce your self 2. Making Contact 3.Grip 4.Stance 5.Changing Side 6.Narrow Space 7.Opening Doors 8.Going up and downstairs 9.Seating 10.Sitting at the table 11. Dining 12. Conversing with a blind person 13.General Orientation 14.Finally

How are they going to Write?

3 R’s in teaching children with disability

Repetition Routinary Relaxation

If a child can’t learn the way we teach, maybe we should teach them the way they learn...

Thank You!