Victoria Ricci Period 4 CCOT Project Why Hollywood? The film industry actually began in the East...
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Victoria Ricci Period 4 CCOT Project Why Hollywood? The film industry actually began in the East Coast near New York, but moved to California because……
Why Hollywood? The film industry actually began in the East
Coast near New York, but moved to California because Los Angeles
Chamber of Commerce had incentives to move to the West Coast Los
Angeles Chamber of Commerce had incentives to move to the West
Coast Sunshine for good lighting Sunshine for good lighting
Potentially-cheap labor force Potentially-cheap labor force
Inexpensive land for studio construction Inexpensive land for
studio construction Varied landscapes for films Varied landscapes
for films
Slide 4
The Film Companies Originally, all film industries were
independent, but the merging of several key companies resulted in
the Big Five of Hollywood film. Warner Brothers Famous
Players-Lasky Corporation (Paramount) RKO (Radio-Keith-Orpheum)
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) 20 th Century Fox
Slide 5
Censorship Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America
(MPPDA) requested that studios voluntarily submit story material
for evaluation of decency and good taste (1920s) Motion Picture
Producers and Distributors of America (MPPDA) requested that
studios voluntarily submit story material for evaluation of decency
and good taste (1920s) 1930 Code of Production used ideas of MPPDA
and oversaw the issues of vulgarity, obscenity, etc. in movies 1930
Code of Production used ideas of MPPDA and oversaw the issues of
vulgarity, obscenity, etc. in movies Bureau of Motion Pictures
(BMP) FDR wanted just enough censorship to maintain national
security (early 1940s) Bureau of Motion Pictures (BMP) FDR wanted
just enough censorship to maintain national security (early
1940s)
Slide 6
Censorship Continued MPPDA changes its name to The Motion
Picture Association of America in 1945 MPPDA changes its name to
The Motion Picture Association of America in 1945 Production Code
lifts all restrictions in the 1950s except for nudity, etc.
Production Code lifts all restrictions in the 1950s except for
nudity, etc. In 1968, Jack Valenti founded the voluntary film
rating system. This system allowed writers to have creative
freedom, while at the same time informing the public (especially
parents) about the films content In 1968, Jack Valenti founded the
voluntary film rating system. This system allowed writers to have
creative freedom, while at the same time informing the public
(especially parents) about the films content
Slide 7
Movie Theaters Nickelodeons programs for a nickel that lasted
10- 30 minutes (1910s) Nickelodeons programs for a nickel that
lasted 10- 30 minutes (1910s) Shorts clip shown before movie that
always ended in a cliffhanger to encourage audiences to come back
the next week, such as the Perils of Pauline Shorts clip shown
before movie that always ended in a cliffhanger to encourage
audiences to come back the next week, such as the Perils of Pauline
Mickey Mouse Clubs for kids in the 1930s Mickey Mouse Clubs for
kids in the 1930s Giveaways at movie theaters throughout Giveaways
at movie theaters throughout the 1930s-1940s had to go each week to
obtain new part of set (dish sets, etc.)
Slide 8
Film Lengths Until 1912, producers and exhibitors always
insisted audiences couldnt sit through films longer than a single
reel (15 minutes), but eventually.. longer films from Europe
emerged and began to encourage more reels per film longer films
from Europe emerged and began to encourage more reels per film 2-4
reel films began to replace 1-reel films, especially with the
urging of Adolph Zukor 2-4 reel films began to replace 1-reel
films, especially with the urging of Adolph Zukor these longer
films became known as Feature Films these longer films became known
as Feature Films
Slide 9
Hollywood Abroad After WWI, 90% of all films shown in foreign
countries were American After WWI, 90% of all films shown in
foreign countries were American During the early 1940s, Hollywood
begins to dub its most recent films in French/Italian for
distribution after the war During the early 1940s, Hollywood begins
to dub its most recent films in French/Italian for distribution
after the war Throughout the 1950s, major Hollywood studios began
to earn more abroad than domestically Throughout the 1950s, major
Hollywood studios began to earn more abroad than domestically
Slide 10
Evolution of the Scary Movie Dracula (1931) Dracula (1931) The
Wolf Man (1941) The Wolf Man (1941) Psycho (1960) Psycho (1960)
Nightmare on Elm Street (1984) Nightmare on Elm Street (1984) The
Hills Have Eyes (2006) The Hills Have Eyes (2006)
Slide 11
The Golden Age Time period from the early 1930s to the late
1960s Time period from the early 1930s to the late 1960s Transition
from war-based materials to more light- hearted musicals (take
peoples minds off the war) Transition from war-based materials to
more light- hearted musicals (take peoples minds off the war) The
Wizard of Oz (1939) The Wizard of Oz (1939) The Little Princess
(1939) The Little Princess (1939) Royal Wedding (1951) Royal
Wedding (1951)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YLgNR0_ck1E&feature=fvsr
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YLgNR0_ck1E&feature=fvsr Singin
in the Rain (1952) Singin in the Rain (1952) My Fair Lady (1964) My
Fair Lady (1964)
Slide 12
Advancements in Special Effects King Kong (1933) King Kong
(1933) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TBmlaDBVRik
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TBmlaDBVRik The Blob (1958) The Blob
(1958) Jaws (1975) Jaws (1975) Titanic (1997) Titanic (1997) Avatar
(2009) Avatar (2009) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d1_JBMrrYw8
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d1_JBMrrYw8
Slide 13
Notable Films The Great Train Robbery (1903) Gone with the Wind
(1939) African Queen (1951) Invasion of the Body Snatchers (1956)
Breakfast at Tiffanys (1961) The Kings Speech (2011)
Slide 14
And the Oscar Goes to Academy of Motion Picture Arts and
Sciences was founded in 1927 by 36 producers, directors, actors,
etc. (Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks were two of the first
founders) First Academy Awards were held at the Roosevelt Hotel on
May 16, 1929 The Oscars were first televised in 1953, and since
1969 have been internationally televised in over 200 foreign
countries The number and types of categories for nominations have
grown over the years
Slide 15
Major Innovations in Color and Sound Silent films were common
until the 1920s, when synchronized sound products such as the
Vitaphone and Photophone came into use Silent films were common
until the 1920s, when synchronized sound products such as the
Vitaphone and Photophone came into use The Jazz Singer was the
first full-talking film in 1927 The ribbon microphone eliminated
extra sound The ribbon microphone eliminated extra sound
Technicolor came to dominate the film industry throughout the
1930s-1940s Technicolor came to dominate the film industry
throughout the 1930s-1940s White Christmas
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AB1ZD6JKxes
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AB1ZD6JKxes Kodaks Eastman Color
replaced on a large scale during the 1950s Kodaks Eastman Color
replaced on a large scale during the 1950s
Slide 16
Animated Films Walt Disney Productions was leader in animation,
with cartoon shorts such as Steamboat Willie in 1928
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBgghnQF6E4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BBgghnQF6E4 Snow White first
full-length animated film in 1937 Pixar created from 1984-1986
features computer-animated films and shorts Toy Story first
full-length computer-animated film Geris Game animated short that
demonstrates advancements in animated skin and cloth (1997)
http://www.pixar.com/shorts/gg/theater/short_320.html
http://www.pixar.com/shorts/gg/theater/short_320.html
Slide 17
Bollywood took its name from Bombay (now Mumbai) Bombay first
experienced the art of film in 1896 when the Lumiere Brothers first
introduced Cinematography (6 short films) to Bombay First actual
filming in Bombay was by Harischandra Sakharam Bhatavdekar of a
local wrestling match
Slide 18
From Silent to Talkies Bollywoods transition into the talking
era brought a continuing tradition of musicals. Bollywoods first
silent film was Raja Harishchandra (1913) Bollywoods first silent
film was Raja Harishchandra (1913) The first talking film was Alam
Ara (1931), which focused on singing rather than dialogue. The
first talking film was Alam Ara (1931), which focused on singing
rather than dialogue.
Slide 19
The Introduction of Colored Films Despite the fact that colored
films were introduced in 1937, they didnt become popular until the
1950s due to the existing popularity of black and white films.
Kisan Kanya (1937) was the first colored film to be made in India,
and was made by the same producers of Alam Ara (1931) Kisan Kanya
(1937) was the first colored film to be made in India, and was made
by the same producers of Alam Ara (1931)
Slide 20
Singing and Music Live musicians and singers were originally
used for on-screen performances, but were eventually replaced by
in-studio recordings. On-screen performances were replaced by
professional studio recordings so the music could become a better
focus point for the films On-screen performances were replaced by
professional studio recordings so the music could become a better
focus point for the films This also allowed the actors to focus
more This also allowed the actors to focus more on complex dance
routines http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hTPxqUtlLdo
Slide 21
Bollywood Dancing At first, only female leads in Bollywood
films were expected to dance, but that changed to large group
choreographed dances, which are still widely used today. Actors and
actresses who can dance gracefully are the most popular choices for
Bollywood films Actors and actresses who can dance gracefully are
the most popular choices for Bollywood films Actresses like
Aishwarya (starred in the Pink Panther 2), Madhuri, and Karishma
are considered some of the best dancers in Bollywood Actresses like
Aishwarya (starred in the Pink Panther 2), Madhuri, and Karishma
are considered some of the best dancers in Bollywood
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yh57vIcDqxU
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yh57vIcDqxU
Slide 22
Changes The film industry moves from the East Coast to
Hollywood Independent film companies merged to create the Big Five
and other large film companies From the Code of Production that
censored movies to free artistic expression with film ratings Films
went from 1 reel (15 minutes) to 3-4 reels (60 minutes) Hollywood
movies began to be produced with foreign language subtitles for
distribution in Europe Scary movies went from just costumes and
sets to suspense and gore There was a transition from war-based
material to musicals (1930s) Special effects advanced from stop and
trick-photography to 3-D computer generation, specialized cameras,
and motion-capturing body suits
Slide 23
Changes Continued The creation of the Academy of Motion Picture
Arts and Sciences and the growing number of Oscar categories The
replacement of Technicolor with Kodaks Eastman Color The invention
of the ribbon microphone so extra noise was eliminated From
hand-drawn animations to computer-animated films and shorts From
Bollywood being just introduced to film to it having sound and
color films From only the Bollywood actresses needing to dance to
large group choreographies From live singing performances to
professional studio-recorded performances
Slide 24
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