Victorian Certificate of Education SUPERVISOR TO ATTACH … · List two chronic adaptations to the cardiovascular system that result from aerobic training. 2 marks b. Select one of

PHYSICAL EDUCATIONWritten examination

Wednesday 2 November 2016 Reading time: 3.00 pm to 3.15 pm (15 minutes) Writing time: 3.15 pm to 5.15 pm (2 hours)

QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK

Structure of bookSection Number of

questionsNumber of questions

to be answeredNumber of

marks

A 15 15 15B 13 13 105

Total 120

• Studentsarepermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:pens,pencils,highlighters,erasers,sharpenersandrulers.

• StudentsareNOTpermittedtobringintotheexaminationroom:blanksheetsofpaperand/orcorrectionfluid/tape.

• Nocalculatorisallowedinthisexamination.

Materials supplied• Questionandanswerbookof27pages.• Answersheetformultiple-choicequestions.

Instructions• Writeyourstudent numberinthespaceprovidedaboveonthispage.• Checkthatyournameandstudent numberasprintedonyouranswersheetformultiple-choice

questionsarecorrect,andsignyournameinthespaceprovidedtoverifythis.• AllwrittenresponsesmustbeinEnglish.

At the end of the examination• Placetheanswersheetformultiple-choicequestionsinsidethefrontcoverofthisbook.

Students are NOT permitted to bring mobile phones and/or any other unauthorised electronic devices into the examination room.

©VICTORIANCURRICULUMANDASSESSMENTAUTHORITY2016

SUPERVISOR TO ATTACH PROCESSING LABEL HEREVictorian Certificate of Education 2016

STUDENT NUMBER

Letter

2016PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM 2

SECTION A – continued

Question 1Steveis13yearsold.InordertoachievehealthbenefitsandtomeetAustralia’sPhysicalActivityandSedentaryBehaviourGuidelinesforYoungPeople(13–17years),howmanydaysperweekshouldSteveengageinactivitiesthatstrengthenmuscleandbone?A. atleastonedayperweekB. atleasttwodaysperweekC. atleastthreedaysperweekD. atleastfivedaysperweek

Question 2TheHeartFoundation’s‘JumpRopeforHeart’isaphysicalactivityprogramthatprovidesresourcesforteachers.Theprovisionofresourcesandequipmentisanexampleofaninitiativedesignedtoincreasephysicalactivity.Whichlevelofthesocial-ecologicalmodeldoesthisaddress?A. policyB. individualC. socialenvironmentD. physicalenvironment

SECTION A – Multiple-choice questions

Instructions for Section AAnswerallquestionsinpencilontheanswersheetprovidedformultiple-choicequestions.Choosetheresponsethatiscorrectorthatbest answersthequestion.Acorrectanswerscores1;anincorrectanswerscores0.Markswillnotbedeductedforincorrectanswers.Nomarkswillbegivenifmorethanoneansweriscompletedforanyquestion.

3 2016PHYSICALEDUCATIONEXAM

SECTION A – continuedTURN OVER

Question 3

Source:wavebreakmedia/Shutterstock.com

Theimageaboveshowsafitnesstestinprogress.Whichofthefollowingcorrectlyidentifiesthefitnesscomponentbeingtested,thetypeoftestbeingundertakenandthevariablebeingmeasured?

Fitness component Type of test Variable measured

A. aerobiccapacity maximaltest oxygenuptake

B. muscularendurance sub-maximaltest bloodlactate

C. muscularstrength maximaltest oxygenuptake

D. aerobiccapacity sub-maximaltest bloodlactate

Question 4TheuseofwhichoneofthefollowingisconsideredillegalundertheWorldAnti-DopingAgency’s(WADA)code?A. energydrinksB. hypotonicdrinksC. hypertonicdrinksD. intravenoushydration


SECTION A – continued

Question 5Arousallevelsforbothgolfandbasketballneedtobeoptimal.Whichoneofthefollowinggraphsdemonstratesoptimalarousalforbothgolfandbasketball?

performance

arousal level

performance

arousal level

performance

arousal level

performance

arousal level

A. B.

C. D.

low high low high

low high low high

high

low

high

low

high

low

high

low

golfbasketball

Key

Question 6Jacquiisa16-year-oldstudentwhoplayssoccer.Shetrainstwiceaweekfor60minutesandplaysa90-minutegameeveryweekend.Jacquirecordsheractivityusinganaccelerometer.Whatfrequency,durationandintensityofphysicalactivitydoesJacquineedtoaccumulateperweektomeetAustralia’sPhysicalActivityGuidelinesforyoungpeople(13–17years)forhealthbenefits?A. 75–150minutesofvigorous-intensityphysicalactivityeachweekB. atleast30minutesofmoderate-to-vigorous-intensityphysicalactivityeverydayC. atleast60minutesofmoderate-to-vigorous-intensityphysicalactivityeverydayD. atleastthreehoursofmoderate-intensityphysicalactivityeveryday,spreadthroughouttheday

Question 7TheabilitytoworkatahigherintensityaerobicallycanbeattributedtoanincreaseinA. TypeIIfibres.B. lactatetolerance.C. mitochondria.D. ATPase.


SECTION A – continuedTURN OVER

Question 8FatsaretheprimaryfuelsourceforenergyatA. 60%ofVO2max.B. 70%ofVO2max.C. 80%ofVO2max.D. 90%ofVO2max.

Question 9Whichoneofthefollowinginitiatives,designedtoincreasethephysicalactivitylevelsofadults,addressesthesocialenvironmentcomponentofthesocial-ecologicalmodel?A. organisingaworkplaceteamforafunrunB. displayinginformationpostersatworkC. providingasecurestorageareaforactivetransportD. aworkplaceintroducing15-minutebreaksforphysicalactivity

Question 10ThepredominantenergysystemusedduringatrainingsessiondependsontheA. durationofthesession.B. intensityofthesession.C. athlete’strainingstatus.D. frequencyofthesessions.

Question 11Whichoneofthefollowingenergysystemshastheslowestrateofenergy(ATP)production?A. ATP-CPB. aerobiclipolysisC. aerobicglycolysisD. anaerobicglycolytic

Question 12AsuitablepsychologicalstrategytoimproverecoverybetweeneventsataninternationalswimmingcompetitionwouldbeA. massages.B. hydrotherapy.C. compressiongarments.D. sleepandrest.


END OF SECTION A

Use the following information to answer Questions 13 and 14.

heart rate (beats per minute)

oxygen consumption

untrained athlete

trained athlete

Question 13Whatchronicadaptationisshowninthegraphabove?A. increasedstrokevolumeB. decreasedstrokevolumeC. decreasedrestingheartrateD. increasedrestingheartrate

Question 14TheadaptationshowninthegraphispossiblebecauseA. strokevolumeincreasessotheheartdoesnotneedtobeatasoften.B. oxygenconsumptionincreasessotheheartdoesnotneedtobeatasoften.C. restingheartrateincreasestoincreasetheamountofoxygendeliveredtotheworkingmuscles.D. strokevolumeandheartratedecreaseduetoanincreaseintheefficiencyofthecardiovascularsystem.

Question 15Therelationshipbetweenstrokevolume,heartrateandcardiacoutputisbestrepresentedasA. strokevolume÷heartrate=cardiacoutputB. strokevolume×heartrate=cardiacoutputC. heartrate×cardiacoutput=strokevolumeD. cardiacoutput×strokevolume=heartrate


SECTION B – continuedTURN OVER

Question 1 (4marks)The‘Couchto5K®’trainingappisdesignedtogetsedentarypeoplerunning5kmovera nine-weektrainingprogram.

a. WhichofAustralia’sPhysicalActivityGuidelinesforadults(18–64years)doesthisprogramspecificallytarget? 1mark

Week 7 of the program

Workout 1Briskfive-minutewarm-upwalk,thenjog4kmorjogfor25minutes



b. Otherthanduration,identifyonetrainingprincipleshowninWeek7oftheprogram. 1mark

c. AcoachadvisesJordanthatifherunsfor25minuteseverytimeheruns,hecouldoverloadhistrainingprogram.

ExplainhowJordancouldoverloadhistrainingprogramwithoutanyincreaseinruntime persession. 2marks

SECTION B

Instructions for Section BAnswerallquestionsinthespacesprovided.


SECTION B – Question 3–continued

Question 2 (4marks)a. Listtwochronicadaptationstothecardiovascularsystemthatresultfromaerobictraining. 2marks

b. Selectoneofthechronicadaptationslistedinpart a.andexplainhowitleadstoanincreaseinaerobicfitness. 2marks

Question 3 (10marks)TheLaunchPadprogramaimstodevelopchildren’sfundamentalmovementskillsinordertoimproveconfidenceandcompetenceforlifelongparticipationinphysicalactivityandsport.

Source:GymnasticsAustralia (www.gymnastics.org.au)

a. Developingfundamentalmovementskillstosupportparticipationinphysicalactivitytargetswhichlevelofthesocial-ecologicalmodel? 1mark



b. Applythesocial-ecologicalmodeltocritiquetheuseoftheLaunchPadprogramtoincreasethephysicalactivitylevelsofchildrenagedfivetoeightyears. 4marks

c. OutlineoneexampleofaninitiativethattargetsthephysicalenvironmentlevelthatcouldbeusedwithLaunchPadtoencouragephysicalactivityorreducethesedentarybehaviourofchildrenagedfivetoeightyears. 1mark

Max(aneight-year-oldboy)completedaself-reportphysicalactivitydiaryforaweek.Hecompletedtwoone-hoursessionsofLaunchPad.

d. i. Outlineoneadvantageandonedisadvantageofusingaself-reportdiaryasamethodofassessingthephysicalactivitylevelsandsedentarybehaviourofachild. 2marks

ii. Otherthanaself-reportdiary,provideonesubjectiveandoneobjectivemethodofassessingthephysicalactivitylevelsofachild. 2marks

Subjective

Objective



Question 4 (10marks)a. DescribethesimilaritiesanddifferencesintheprocessofATPproductionviatheaerobicand

anaerobicpathways. 4marks

b. Thegraphbelowshowstheaerobictrainingzoneasbeingbetween70%and90%ofmaximumheartrate.

Source:WDMcArdle,FIKatchandVLKatch,Exercise Physiology: Nutrition, Energy, and Human Performance,8thedn,WoltersKluwerHealth/LippincottWilliams&Wilkins,

Baltimore/Philadelphia,2015,p.481

Describetheacutephysiologicalchangesthatoccurwhenanathleteworksabovetheaerobictrainingzone. 2marks

Due to copyright restrictions, this material is not supplied.



c. Explainhowanimprovedlactateinflectionpoint(LIP)wouldbeanadvantageforadistancerunner. 2marks

d. DescribehowanincreaseintheoxidativeenzymesleadstoanimprovedLIP. 2marks


SECTION B – continued

Question 5 (7marks)a. DemonstrateyourunderstandingofAustralia’sPhysicalActivityGuidelinesbydesigninga

weeklyphysicalactivityplantoachievehealthbenefitsforanadultwhoiscurrentlynotdoinganyphysicalactivity.Yourprogrammustshowthecorrectfrequency,intensityanddurationoftheactivity. 4marks

Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday

b. Eachsessionofyourplanshouldincludeawarm-up,conditioningphaseandcool-down.

Outlinethepurposeofeachcomponent. 3marks

Warm-up

Conditioningphase

Cool-down



Question 6 (5marks)a. Explaintheprocessofcarbohydrateloadingandhowitcouldimproveanenduranceathlete’s

performance. 2marks

b. Explainhowconsumingahigh-carbohydratedietratherthanalow-carbohydratedietcanhelprestoremuscleglycogenlevelsandhowthiscouldinfluencetrainingperformance. 3marks



Question 7 (13marks)Thefollowingimageisofahurdler.

Source:StephenMcsweeny/Shutterstock.com

a. Identifyonehealth-relatedfitnesscomponentrequiredtoperformtheactionshown.Justifyyouranswer. 2marks

b. Thehurdlerintheimagehasaveryfocusedfacialexpression.

Describeone strategythehurdlermayhaveusedtodevelopherconcentrationskills,enablinghertoperformsuccessfullyatahighlevel. 2marks



c. Thehurdlerusesintervaltrainingtoimproveherperformanceinthe110mhurdles.

Describeintervaltrainingandexplainhowthevariablesinvolvedcanbemanipulatedtodevelopanyofthethreeenergysystems.Provideanexampleofanappropriatework-to-restratio. 3marks

Thegraphbelowshowsbloodlactateconcentrationfollowingasetoffiverepetitionsofintervaltrainingatthreedifferentintensities.

5 × 200 m, 2 min. rest

5 × 400 m, 1 min. rest

5 × 800 m, 15 sec. rest

interval number

14121086

blood lactate concentration

(mmol/L)

420

A

B

C

1 2 3 4 5

Source:reprintedwithpermissionofWLKenney,JHWilmoreandDLCostill,Physiology of Sport and Exercise,6thedn,HumanKinetics,Champaign(IL),2015,p.235;nofurtheruse

ofthisfigureispermittedwithoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher

d. Identifytheenergysystembeingtrainedineachofthethreedifferentintervalintensitiesshown. 3marks

A

B

C

e. Usingthedatainthegraph,explainwhybloodlactatelevelsarehigherforAandBcomparedtoC. 3marks



Question 8 (7marks)MichellePayneisthefirstfemalejockeytowintheMelbourneCup.Aftertheraceshestated, ‘…youknowwhat?It’snotallaboutstrength,thereissomuchmoreinvolved,gettingthehorseintoarhythm,gettingthehorsetotryforyou,it’sbeingpatient’.

Source:IsabelleWestbury,‘MichellePayne’sMelbourneCupwinshouldbeagame-changer forwomen’ssport’,Sydney Morning Herald,4November2015

a. Paynesays,‘It’snotallaboutstrength’.

Listoneotherfitnesscomponentthatmayalsobeimportantforajockeyandjustifyyourresponse. 2marks

b. Maleshavehigherlevelsoftestosteronethanfemales,producingmoremusclemass.Thisresultsingreaterabsolutestrength.

Statetwootherfactorsthataffectstrength. 2marks



c. Physiologicaldatafromtwoathletesisshowninthetablebelow.

Athlete 1 Athlete 2

VO2 max. 63mL/kg/min 52mL/kg/min

Type II muscle fibres (gastrocnemius)

24% 75%

Type I muscle fibres (gastrocnemius)

76% 25%

Leg press 1 repetition maximum (RM)

220kg 300kg

Basedonthedata,justifywhichathleteislikelytoperformbetterin100mand200msprintevents. 3marks



Question 9 (11marks)Thelocalprimaryschoolistryingtoincreasethenumberofstudentswhoridetheirbikestoschool.

a. Theinitiativesthattheschoolhasimplementedarelistedbelow.

Identifythecomponentofthesocial-ecologicalmodelthateachinitiativeaddresses. 4marks

• Securebikeracksinstalledattheschool

• BikeeducationtaughtinGrades2,4and6

• Meetingpointsforstudentsenroutetoschool

• 40km/hrzoneinsurroundingstreets

b. Theschoolhasaddressedallfourcomponentsofthesocial-ecologicalmodelandyetmanystudentsdonotridetoschool.

Explain,withthreespecificexamples,howaninitiativethattargetsallfourcomponentsofthesocial-ecologicalmodelmaystillnotchangethebehaviourofanindividual. 3marks



c. Theprincipaloftheschoolwouldliketodetermineiftherehasbeenanychangeinthephysicalactivitylevelsofthestudentsasaresultoftheinitiatives.Theprincipalhasaccesstopedometersanddirectobservationasmethodsofassessingthephysicalactivitylevelsofthestudents.

Critiqueeachmethodofassessmentbyoutliningtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofitsusewiththispopulationgroup. 4marks



Question 10 (8marks)Inagameofnetballtherearesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweentheenergyrequirementsofdifferentpositions.Allplayersonanetballcourtengageinshort,sharp,high-intensitymovementsthroughoutthegame.Thecentreplayerisallowedtomoveoverthewholecourt,exceptthegoalcircles.Aswellasmaintaininghigh-intensityeffortsthroughoutthegame,thecentreplayerisconstantlyonthemoveandhassignificantlyshorterperiodsofwalkingorstandingstillthanthegoalshooter.Thegoalshooterisonlyallowedwithinthegoalthirdandmusthavegoodspatialawareness.Comparedtothecentreplayer,thegoalshootercompletessimilarhigh-intensitymovementsbutspendsasignificantlygreateramountoftimewalkingorstandingstill.

a. Usingtheinformationgivenabove,discussthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweentheenergyrequirementsofacentreplayerandagoalshooter. 5marks



b. Thefollowingskill–frequencytableshowstheskillsperformedbythegoalshooterinonequarterofagame.

Skill Frequency

passes• chest• overhead• shoulder

Total

10 4 519

rebounds 6

shotstaken 13

intercepts/steals 3

penalties 4

guards/defends 18

i. Outlinetwoexamplesofphysiologicalinformationthatcanbegainedfromdatacollectedinaskill–frequencytable. 2marks

ii. Chooseoneskillfromtheskill–frequencytableanddrawand/orexplainaresistancetrainingexercisethatcanbecompletedinthegymtoimprovethisskill. 1mark



Question 11 (10marks)Thermoregulationisparticularlyimportantinwarmclimatesascorebodytemperatureincreases.Fatigueismorelikelytooccurwhencorebodytemperaturereaches40°C.

a. Explainwhatoccursphysiologicallywhenaperson’scorebodytemperatureincreases. 3marks

DuringtheAustralianOpentennistournamentinJanuary,playersusedsuitablecoolingstrategiestohelpthemperformattheirbest.

b. Otherthandrinkingfluids,listtwostrategiesthattennisplayerscoulduseduringamatchtodecreasetheriskofdehydration. 2marks

c. Explainhowthepsychologicaleffectsofdehydrationcouldimpairatennisplayer’sperformance. 2marks



d. Atennisplayerwasevaluatingthebenefitsoftwodifferentpost-matchrehydrationstrategies:waterandisotonicsportsdrinks.

Assessbothstrategiesandsuggestthemostsuitablestrategyforthetennisplayerinthissituation. 3marks



Question 12 (10marks)Someathletesimproveperformancethroughblooddopingandtheuseoferythropoietin(EPO),bothofwhichareillegalpractices.

a. Usingthetablebelow,outlinetwosimilaritiesandtwodifferencesbetweenblooddopingandtheuseofEPO. 4marks

Similarities Differences

1. 1.

2. 2.

b. ExplainthephysiologicalbenefitofusingEPOforanenduranceathlete. 2marks



c. NameanalternativepracticethatislegalandoutlinehowitcouldprovidetheenduranceathletewithsimilarbenefitstoEPO. 2marks

d. UsingtheWorldAnti-DopingAgency(WADA)criteria,explainwhyyouranswerinpart c.isalegalpractice. 2marks



Question 13 (6marks)

15

10

5

5

10

15

20

1 2 3 4 5 6 2 4 6

musclelactate

concentration(mmoles × kg/

wet weight)

ATP-CPdepletion

(mmoles × kg/ wet weight)

oxygen deficit (L) oxygen deficit (L)

Muscle metabolism during exercise

Source:JKarlsson,‘MuscleATP,CP,andLactateinSubmaximalandMaximalExercise’, inBPernowetal.(eds),Muscle Metabolism During Exercise,

PlenumPress,NewYork,1971,p.390

a. Attheonsetofexercise,oxygenconsumptiondoesnotincreasetoasteadystateimmediately.

Howistheenergyforexerciseproducedinthissituation?Usedatafromthegraphsabovetosupportyouranswer. 3marks


END OF QUESTION AND ANSWER BOOK

b. Trainedathletesareabletoachieveasteadystatemorerapidlythanuntrainedindividuals.

Otherthananincreaseintheoxidativeenzymes,whatarethreechronicadaptationstothemuscularsystemthatfacilitatetherateofreachingasteadystateforthetrainedathlete? 3marks

Documents

Victorian Certificate of Education SUPERVISOR TO ATTACH … · List two chronic adaptations to the cardiovascular system that result from aerobic training. 2 marks b. Select one of