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chem

Modified True/FalseIndicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.

____ 1. The law of conservation of mass states that the sum of the masses of the reactants is greater than the sum of the masses of the products. ____________________

____ 2. In a chemical reaction, one or more substance changes into a different substance. ____________________

____ 3. An example of a chemical reaction is ice melting. ____________________

____ 4. In a combustion reaction, a substance typically combines with hydrogen. ____________________

____ 5. The reactants are present at the start of a reaction. ____________________

____ 6. A chemical equation describes what takes place in a reaction in words. ____________________

____ 7. The products are present at the start of a reaction. ____________________

____ 8. Reactants yield products is a good way to write a general word equation. ____________________

____ 9. When the word “energy” is written on the left side of an equation, energy is released during the reaction. ____________________

____ 10. When the word “energy” is written on the right side of an equation, energy is released during the reaction. ____________________

____ 11. Chemical reactions can either absorb or release matter. ____________________

____ 12. Energy is absorbed in the equation below. ____________________

Fe S FeS energy

____ 13. Energy is absorbed in the equation below and the reactant is a gas. ____________________

energy CuCO3 (s) CO2 (g) CuO (s)

____ 14. The French scientist Antoine Lavoisier developed the law of conservation of mass. ____________________

____ 15. In a campfire, the reactants seem to have greater mass than the products because a lot of matter escapes as liquid. ____________________

____ 16. A good way to summarize the law of conservation of mass is that matter cannot be created or destroyed. ____________________

____ 17. The balls on the scale represent different kinds of atoms. All atoms are visible. This picture is a good model for a balanced equation. ____________________

____ 18. The balls on the scale represent different kinds of atoms. All atoms are visible. This picture is a good model for a balanced equation. ____________________

____ 19. The following is a balanced equation. ____________________

Mg O2 MgO

____ 20. The following is a balanced equation. ____________________

Ca 2 H2O Ca(OH)2 H2

____ 21. The general pattern for a decomposition reaction is:

A B AB

____________________

____ 22. The general pattern for a synthesis reaction is:

A BC AC B

____________________

____ 23. In a single displacement reaction, two reactants, AB and CD, “switch partners” with one another. ____________________

____ 24. This pattern shows a decomposition reaction. ____________________

____ 25. The only chemical products for complete combustion are carbon dioxide and water. ____________________

____ 26. Rust happens slowly, so it is a form of combustion. ____________________

____ 27. Most forms of combustion involve combining a substance with oxygen. ____________________

____ 28. Zinc forms a protective coating when it corrodes. ____________________

____ 29. Paint prevents corrosion by sealing underlying metal off from oxygen. ____________________

____ 30. A key component of stainless steel is chromium. ____________________

Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 31. The reactants are the substances that area. produced in a reactionb. used up in a reactionc. balanced in a reactiond. developed in a word equation

____ 32. The word “energy” will be included on the left side of a chemical equationa. that absorbs energyb. that releases energyc. that involves combustiond. that gives off light and heat

____ 33. Choose the correct word equation for

Zn CuSO4 ZnSO4 Cu energya. reactant reactant energyb. zinc copper sulfate zinc sulfate copper energyc. zinc copper zinc sulfate copper sulfate energyd. zinc sulfate copper sulfate zinc copper energy

____ 34. Balance the equation:

Na O2 Na2Oa. 2 Na O2 2 Na2O

b. 4 Na O2 2 Na2Oc. Na 2 O2 2 Na2Od. 4 Na 2 O2 2 Na2O

____ 35. How do you know that the following equation is not balanced?

K Br2 KBra. There are more K atoms on the left side than the right side.b. There are not enough Br atoms on the left side.c. There are more Br atoms on the left side than the right side.d. The equation is balanced.

____ 36. How do you know that the following equation is balanced?

C4H8 6 O2 4 CO2 4 H2Oa. There are 4 C on each side.b. There are 4 C, 8 H, and 4 O on each side.c. There are 4 C, 8 H, and 6 O on each side.d. There are 4 C, 8 H, and 12 O on each side.

____ 37. What would you do to balance the equation?

a. Add another water to the right side.b. Add another carbon dioxide to the right side.c. Add another oxygen to the left side.d. Add 2 carbon dioxides to the right side.

____ 38. Which equation shows the general form for a decomposition reaction?a. A B Cb. A B ABc. AB C Dd. AB A B

____ 39. How many different reactions have been identified?a. about 300 millionb. about 10 thousandc. about 10 milliond. It is too difficult to measure.

____ 40. Synthesis and decomposition reactionsa. are opposites of one anotherb. are unrelatedc. never involve combustiond. are both types of double displacement reactions


CH4 O2 CO2 H2O

a. CH4 2 O2 2 CO2 2 H2Ob. CH4 O2 CO2 H2Oc. 2 CH4 O2 CO2 3 H2Od. CH4 2 O2 CO2 2 H2O

____ 42. In this chapter, the reaction types includea. synthesis, displacement, and combustionb. synthesis, single displacement, double displacement, and combustionc. synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, and combustiond. synthesis, single decomposition, double decomposition, displacement, and combustion

____ 43. The pattern shows a

a. single displacement reactionb. double displacement reactionc. corrosion reactiond. synthesis reaction

____ 44. When a solid forms in a reaction in a water solution, it drops out of the solution as aa. displacementb. precipitatec. double displacementd. gas

____ 45. A single displacement involvesa. an element and a compound as reactantsb. two compounds as reactantsc. two compounds as productsd. two elements as products and reactants


N2 H2 NH3

a. 2 N2 3 H2 2 NH3

b. 2 N2 H2 2 NH3

c. N2 3 H2 2 NH3

d. N2 3 H2 3 NH3

____ 47. A double displacement involvesa. an element and a compound as reactantsb. an element and a compound as productsc. an element and a compound as both reactants and productsd. two compounds as both products and reactants

____ 48. The chemical equation shows the reaction that occurs when silver tarnishes. What kind of a reaction is it?

2 Ag S Ag2Sa. synthesisb. single displacementc. double displacementd. combustion


AgS Al Ag Al2S3

a. 3 AgS 2 Al 3 Ag Al2S3

b. AgS 2 Al 6 Ag Al2S3

c. 3 AgS 2 Al 6 Ag Al2S3

d. 3 AgS 3 Al 6 Ag Al2S3

____ 50. What kind of reaction does the following equation show?

AgNO3 NaCl AgCl NaNO3

a. complete reactionb. double decomposition reactionc. double displacement reactiond. single displacement reaction

____ 51. The common name for combustion isa. bustingb. burningc. decomposingd. synthesizing

____ 52. The products of combustion are usuallya. a hydrocarbon and oxygenb. an oxide and energyc. methane and energyd. carbon monoxide and oxygen

____ 53. What is one important way in which combustion is different from corrosion?a. Combustion is slower than corrosion.b. Only corrosion involves oxygen.c. Only combustion involves oxygen.d. Combustion is faster than corrosion.

____ 54. Complete combustion of a hydrocarbon generally yieldsa. carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and waterb. carbon dioxide and waterc. carbon monoxide and waterd. carbon dioxide only

____ 55. Incomplete combustion of a hydrocarbon generally yieldsa. carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, carbon, and waterb. carbon monoxide, carbon, and waterc. carbon dioxide, soot, carbon, and waterd. carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and water

____ 56. Which of the following statements is true?a. Both complete and incomplete combustion release greenhouse gas.b. Incomplete combustion only releases greenhouse gas.c. Both complete and incomplete combustion release common pollutants.d. Neither complete nor incomplete combustion releases common pollutants.

____ 57. Which of the following statements is true?a. Fuels burn cleanly in complete combustion with no carbon dioxide produced.b. In complete combustion, soot is produced.c. Fuels burn cleanly in complete combustion with no soot.d. Fuels burn cleanly in incomplete combustion with no soot.

____ 58. Another word for soot isa. carbon dioxide

b. carbon monoxidec. carbond. propane

____ 59. What is an effective way in which people might help eliminate soot in the air?a. get rid of petsb. stop eating beefc. get rid of older cars with poorly maintained enginesd. purchase new cars with larger engines

____ 60. What kind of unbalanced combustion reaction is shown below?

C4H10 O2 CO2 H2O CO C energya. complete, because energy is releasedb. incomplete, because carbon monoxide and soot are producedc. complete, because carbon monoxide is producedd. This is not a combustion reaction.

____ 61. What is the missing value for the unknown variable n for the combustion equation?

C4H10 n O2 2 CO2 n H2O CO Ca. 2b. 3c. 4d. 5

____ 62. Making hydrogen gas for fuel usually involvesa. breaking down a hydrocarbonb. using energy to break down waterc. a synthesis reactiond. a combustion reaction

____ 63. Hydrogen is not the ideal fuel becausea. it requires energy to be producedb. it does not burn cleanlyc. it produces greenhouse gases when burnedd. it will not burn

____ 64. Burning hydrogen isa. a decomposition reactionb. a single displacement reactionc. both a synthesis reaction and a combustion reactiond. both a displacement reaction and a decomposition reaction

____ 65. Corrosion is thea. breakdown of gold, silver, or platinumb. breakdown any metal as a result of a chemical reaction with its environmentc. breakdown any metal or non-metal as a result of a chemical reaction with its environmentd. breakdown any metal or non-metal as a result of a combustion reaction in its environment

____ 66. Beneficial corrosion occurs whena. a valuable metal corrodesb. corrosion protects rather than destroys a metalc. iron oxide formsd. all of the above

____ 67. Sodium chloridea. speeds up corrosion of iron if water and oxygen are present

b. slows corrosion of iron if water is presentc. speeds up corrosion of copper if carbon dioxide is presentd. slows corrosion of iron if water is not present

____ 68. A good way to prevent corrosion is toa. keep metal away from waterb. apply paint or a plastic coatingc. apply a coating of chromed. all of the above

____ 69. Iron oxide is another name fora. rustb. any corrosionc. stainless steeld. galvanized steel

____ 70. Corrosion destroys iron because the iron oxide that formsa. clings tightly to the metal’s outer surfaceb. flakes away and exposes the underlying metal to more corrosionc. is stronger than the iron itselfd. eats away at the metal

____ 71. Scratches and dents increase rust because theya. allow water and oxygen to get at the underlying metalb. allow electrolytes to get at the underlying metalc. decrease the surface area of the metald. increase the speed of the rust reaction

____ 72. Which of the following is true?a. Alloys of iron are always less rust-resistant than pure iron.b. Alloys of iron can be more rust-resistant than pure iron.c. Pure iron is more rust-resistant than stainless steel.d. Pure iron is more rust-resistant than copper.

____ 73. You need to choose a metal for a boat propeller.Which of the following metals would be least likely to corrode?a. iron painted with rust-proof paintb. stainless steelc. aluminumd. iron painted with ordinary paint

____ 74. Which of the following is true?a. Galvanized steel is an alloy of iron and zinc.b. Galvanized steel is an alloy of iron and copper.c. Galvanized steel is a type of steel that has been coated with zinc.d. Galvanized steel is pure zinc oxide.

____ 75. Which metal does not corrode?a. zincb. copperc. platinumd. aluminum

CompletionComplete each statement.

76. If the surroundings get warmer as a chemical reactions occurs, the chemical equation for the reaction would have the word “energy” written on the ____________________ side.

77. In the chemical reaction whose equation is show below, the reactant dissolved in water is ____________________.

AgNO3(aq) + NaI(aq) AgI(s) + NaNO3(aq)

78. The part of a word or chemical equation that stands for yields is the ____________________.

79. In chemistry, the term ____________________ refers to observing that the total amount of a quantity does not change during a process.

80. A number written in front of a substance in a balanced chemical equation is called a ____________________.

81. The numbers to the lower right of element symbols in chemical formulas are called ____________________.

82. A chemical equation in which the same number of each type of atom is present on both sides is said to be ____________________.

83. Because it is observed that the total ____________________ is the same for the reactants and products of a chemical reaction, chemical equations should have equal numbers of each type of atom on both sides.

84. Joining two toy construction blocks to make one larger block would be a model for a ____________________ reaction.

85. Smelting reactions, in which a metal is obtained from an ore, fit the pattern of a ____________________ reaction.

86. If a chemist had dissolved a silver alloy in acid, he could convert the silver to a solid compound if he added a solution that reacted to form a ____________________ containing the silver.

87. When a methane-burning furnace produces carbon monoxide, it is ____________________ that is in limited supply.

88. When an element combusts, the reaction follows the pattern for ____________________ reactions.

89. The exhaust coming out of the tail pipe of a hydrogen powered car would be ____________________.

90. Patina is a greenish coating of corrosion that forms on ____________________ that is exposed to the elements.

Matching

When a red-brown powder is placed in a colorless solution, the powder is consumed as reddish fumes waft out of the container and the solution turns blue. The chemical equation is:

Cu(s) 4 HNO3(aq) Cu(NO3)2(aq) 2 NO2(g) 2 H2O(l)

Match the descriptions to the chemical formulas.a. Cu(s) d. NO2(g)b. HNO3(aq) e. H2O(l)c. Cu(NO3)2(aq)

____ 91. reddish gas____ 92. red-brown powder

____ 93. colorless liquid____ 94. colorless solution____ 95. blue solution

Match the chemical equations to the reaction types.a. synthesis c. single displacementb. decomposition d. double displacement

____ 96. F2(aq) 2 KI(aq) I2(aq) 2 KF(aq)____ 97. 2 PbO2(s) 2 PbO(s) O2(g)____ 98. H2(g) Cl2(g) 2 HCl(g)____ 99. FeS(s) 2 HCl(aq) H2S(g) FeCl2(aq)

Match the descriptions to the fuels.a. magnesium d. phosphorusb. propane e. methanec. hydrogen

____ 100. It only makes water when it burns.____ 101. It comprises 80 % of the gas burned in natural gas furnaces.____ 102. It starts out red, turns white, and catches fire when matches are struck.____ 103. It burns with a bright white flame on which you should not spray CO2.____ 104. It is bottled in containers used to fuel camping stoves and lanterns.

Match the descriptions to the metals.a. zinc d. copperb. iron e. chromiumc. aluminum

____ 105. coats itself with one of the hardest oxides known____ 106. its corrosion products flake off____ 107. is used to coat steel to protect it from corrosion____ 108. enough blended in makes steel almost corrosion proof____ 109. corrosion makes it a pretty roof covering

Match the unbalanced equations to the sets of coefficients that would balance them. The coefficients are NOT given in left-to-right order, but are in random order.a. 3, 1, 3, 2 c. 3, 2, 2 , 2b. 2, 3, 3, 2

____ 110. Al(s) CuCl2(aq) AlCl3(aq) Cu(s)____ 111. Fe2O3(s) CO(g) Fe(s) CO2(g)____ 112. ZnS(s) O2(g) ZnO(s) SO2(g)

Short Answer

113. How would you provide evidence to try to convince a friend that the law of conservation of mass is true?

114. An ad for a home gutter system claims that its galvanized steel and aluminum gutters are “100 % corrosion free.” Is this ad accurate? How would you correct it?

115. Draw a diagram to demonstrate the law of conservation of mass. Explain what happens in your diagram.

116. Explain how to balance the equation below in a step-by-step manner. Show how you can confirm that the equation is balanced after you finish.

Fe3O4 O4 Fe H2O

117. Now I add up all of the atoms to make sure that each side has the same number.

Left side: 3 Fe, 4 O, 8 HRight side: 3 Fe, 4 O, 8 H

PTS: 1 REF: C OBJ: 6.4 Information in Chemical EquationsLOC: E3.2 MSC: Solve a Problem

5. How does understanding the law of conservation of mass help you understand how to balance a chemical equation?

118. Balance the equation. Identify the equation as one of the five types of equations presented in this chapter.

KMnO4 K2O MnO O2

119. Draw a diagram for a single displacement reaction and write an example of an actual single displacement reaction.

120. What is a precipitate? How does a precipitate form? Why does a precipitate suddenly appear?

121. Write a general word equation for a complete combustion reaction and give an example of a complete combustion reaction.

122. How is complete combustion of a hydrocarbon different from incomplete combustion? Which type of reaction is worse for the environment?

123. Why do you think all licensed car mechanic indoor garages must have an effective ventilation system? Explain.

124. Does the law of conservation of mass seem obvious to you? Why do you think it took scientists until the 18th century to demonstrate this law?

125. Write the general form for a decomposition reaction and give an example of an actual decomposition reaction.

126. A car manufacturer claims that his new “clean car” model has the perfect engine—it carries out complete combustion of gasoline producing no soot or carbon monoxide. Will this “clean car” solve all major environmental problems that cars help create? Explain.

127. Describe the process of striking a match and causing it to burn.

128. Write the general form for a synthesis reaction and give an example of an actual synthesis reaction.

129. What is beneficial corrosion? Where do you see evidence of this phenomenon? Use examples to explain your answer.

130. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of hydrogen as a combustion fuel.

131. Suppose a friend offered to let you invest in a factory to make hydrogen for fuel. Would you invest your money? Explain.

132. Draw a diagram for a double displacement reaction and write an example of an actual double displacement reaction.

133. Methane, the natural gas in your kitchen stove, is highly combustible. Why doesn’t it explode when it comes out of the pipe and hits the oxygen in the air? Explain.

134. Draw a diagram for four of the basic reaction types presented in this chapter. Write a brief summary of each reaction.

135. You see a metal that looks corroded or rusted. How can you tell the difference between rust and corrosion?

136. An artist friend wants to make her metal sculpture look as “old” and rusted as possible. From what you have learned about corrosion in this chapter, what would you advise her to do?

137. What is the key difference that makes some forms of corrosion harmful and others beneficial? Use examples to explain your answer.

138. Identify at least three reactions in this chapter that involve oxygen. Why do you think oxygen is key to so many reactions that are important in the world?

139. What evidence of a chemical change do you see when iron turns into iron oxide? How do the physical properties of iron and iron oxide compare?

140. A copper roof typically lasts a long time—about 75 years—without breaking down. Why do you think its protective coating doesn’t last forever?

141. Write a balanced chemical equation for the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. What kind of reaction is this?

142. Ammonium nitrate undergoes the reaction below. Balance the equation. Identify the type of reaction that takes place.

NH4NO3(s) N2(g) H2O(g) O2(g)

143. Silver tarnish, Ag2S, can be removed with aluminum. Balance the equation. Identify the type of reaction that takes place.

Ag2S(s) Al (s) Ag(s) Al4S3(s)

144. Balance the equation. Identify the type of reaction that takes place.

AlBr3 K2SO4 KBr Al2(SO4)3

145. Four of the reactions described in this chapter—synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, and double displacement—can be compared to dance partners on a dance floor. For example, partners A and B joining together as dance team AB is analogous to a synthesis reaction.

Describe each reaction type in terms of the dance partner analogy.

146. Suppose the law of conservation of mass were somehow shown to be untrue. What do you think the impact would be? How would this affect your everyday life?

147. Name an example of something in your everyday life that helps you understand the law of conservation of mass. Explain how it helps you.

148. Of all of the chemical reactions you learned about in this chapter, which one is the most important in terms of your life?

149. On balance, do you see corrosion as a good thing or a bad thing? Explain.

150. Looking at a reaction, how can you get an indication at a glance of whether a precipitate will form? Explain.

chemAnswer Section

MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE

1. ANS: F, equal to

PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 6.3 Conserving Mass in Chemical ReactionsLOC: C3.2 MSC: What Do You Remember?

2. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: K/UOBJ: 6.1 Describing Chemical Reactions LOC: C3.2MSC: What Do You Remember?

3. ANS: F, combustion

PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 6.1 Describing Chemical ReactionsLOC: C3.5 MSC: What Do You Remember?

4. ANS: F, oxygen

PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: CombustionLOC: C3.5 MSC: What Do You Remember?

5. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: K/UOBJ: 6.1 Describing Chemical Reactions LOC: C3.1MSC: What Do You Remember?

6. ANS: F, word equation


7. ANS: F, reactants


8. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: K/UOBJ: 6.1 Describing Chemical Reactions LOC: C3.1MSC: What Do You Understand?

9. ANS: F, absorbed

PTS: 1 REF: T/I OBJ: 6.1 Describing Chemical ReactionsLOC: C3.4 MSC: What Do You Understand?

10. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: T/IOBJ: 6.1 Describing Chemical Reactions LOC: C3.4MSC: What Do You Understand?

11. ANS: F, energy


12. ANS: F, released

PTS: 1 REF: T/I OBJ: 6.1 Describing Chemical Reactions

LOC: C3.4 MSC: What Do You Understand?13. ANS: F, solid

PTS: 1 REF: T/I OBJ: 6.1 Describing Chemical ReactionsLOC: C3.4 MSC: What Do You Understand?

14. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: K/UOBJ: 6.3 Conserving Mass in Chemical ReactionsLOC: C3.2MSC: What Do You Remember?

15. ANS: F, gas

PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 6.3 Conserving Mass in Chemical ReactionsLOC: C3.2 MSC: What Do You Understand?

16. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: AOBJ: 6.3 Conserving Mass in Chemical ReactionsLOC: C3.2MSC: What Do You Understand?

17. ANS: F, an unbalanced

PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 6.3 Conserving Mass in Chemical ReactionsLOC: C3.2 MSC: Create and Evaluate

18. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: AOBJ: 6.3 Conserving Mass in Chemical ReactionsLOC: C3.2MSC: Create and Evaluate

19. ANS: F, an unbalanced

PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 6.4 Information in Chemical EquationsLOC: C3.4 MSC: Solve a Problem

20. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: AOBJ: 6.4 Information in Chemical Equations LOC: C3.4MSC: Solve a Problem

21. ANS: F, synthesis

PTS: 1 REF: K/UOBJ: 6.5 Types of Chemical Reactions: Synthesis and DecompositionLOC: C3.5 MSC: What Do You Remember?

22. ANS: F, single displacement

PTS: 1 REF: K/UOBJ: 6.6 Types of Chemical Reactions: Single and Double DisplacementLOC: C3.5 MSC: What Do You Remember?

23. ANS: F, double displacement

PTS: 1 REF: AOBJ: 6.6 Types of Chemical Reactions: Single and Double DisplacementLOC: C3.5 MSC: What Do You Understand?

24. ANS: F, single displacement

PTS: 1 REF: K/UOBJ: 6.6 Types of Chemical Reactions: Single and Double DisplacementLOC: C3.5 MSC: What Do You Understand?

25. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: K/U

OBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: Combustion LOC: C3.5MSC: What Do You Remember?

26. ANS: F, corrosion

PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 6.10 CorrosionLOC: C3.5 MSC: What Do You Understand?

27. ANS: F, All


28. ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: K/UOBJ: 6.10 Corrosion LOC: C3.5 MSC: What Do You Remember?



MULTIPLE CHOICE

31. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 6.1 Describing Chemical ReactionsLOC: E3.2 MSC: What Do You Remember?

32. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 6.1 Describing Chemical ReactionsLOC: E3.4 MSC: What Do You Understand?

33. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: T/I OBJ: 6.1 Describing Chemical ReactionsLOC: E3.4 MSC: Solve a Problem

34. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: T/IOBJ: 6.4 Information in Chemical Equations LOC: E3.4MSC: Solve a Problem

35. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: T/IOBJ: 6.4 Information in Chemical Equations LOC: E3.4MSC: Solve a Problem

36. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: T/IOBJ: 6.4 Information in Chemical Equations LOC: E3.4MSC: Create and Evaluate

37. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: T/IOBJ: 6.4 Information in Chemical Equations LOC: E3.4MSC: Solve a Problem

38. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: K/UOBJ: 6.5 Types of Chemical Reactions: Synthesis and DecompositionLOC: E3.5 MSC: What Do You Remember?

39. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: K/UOBJ: 6.5 Types of Chemical Reactions: Synthesis and DecompositionLOC: E3.5 MSC: What Do You Remember?

40. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: K/UOBJ: 6.5 Types of Chemical Reactions: Synthesis and DecompositionLOC: E3.5 MSC: What Do You Understand?

41. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: T/IOBJ: 6.4 Information in Chemical Equations LOC: E3.4MSC: Solve a Problem

42. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: K/UOBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: Combustion LOC: E3.5MSC: What Do You Remember?

43. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: AOBJ: 6.5 Types of Chemical Reactions: Synthesis and DecompositionLOC: E3.5 MSC: What Do You Understand?

44. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: K/UOBJ: 6.6 Types of Chemical Reactions: Single and Double DisplacementLOC: E3.5 MSC: What Do You Understand?

45. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: AOBJ: 6.6 Types of Chemical Reactions: Single and Double DisplacementLOC: E3.5 MSC: What Do You Understand?

46. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: T/IOBJ: 6.4 Information in Chemical Equations LOC: E3.4MSC: Solve a Problem

47. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: AOBJ: 6.6 Types of Chemical Reactions: Single and Double DisplacementLOC: E3.5 MSC: What Do You Understand?

48. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: T/IOBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: Combustion LOC: C3.5MSC: What Do You Understand?

49. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: T/IOBJ: 6.6 Types of Chemical Reactions: Single and Double DisplacementLOC: E3.5 MSC: Solve a Problem

50. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: K/UOBJ: 6.6 Types of Chemical Reactions: Single and Double DisplacementLOC: E3.5 MSC: What Do You Understand?

51. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: K/UOBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: Combustion LOC: E3.5MSC: What Do You Understand?

52. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: K/UOBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: Combustion LOC: E3.5MSC: What Do You Understand?

53. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 6.10 CorrosionLOC: E3.5 MSC: What Do You Understand?

54. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: K/UOBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: Combustion LOC: E3.5MSC: What Do You Remember?

55. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: K/UOBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: Combustion LOC: E3.5MSC: What Do You Remember?

56. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: AOBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: Combustions LOC: E3.5MSC: What Do You Understand?

57. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: AOBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: Combustion LOC: E3.5MSC: What Do You Understand?

58. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: K/UOBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: Combustion LOC: E3.5

MSC: What Do You Remember?59. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions

LOC: E3.5 MSC: Solve a Problem60. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: A

OBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: Combustion LOC: E3.5MSC: Solve a Problem

61. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: AOBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: Combustion LOC: E3.5MSC: Solve a Problem

62. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: K/UOBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: Combustion LOC: E3.5MSC: What Do You Remember?

63. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: AOBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: Combustion LOC: E3.5MSC: Create and Evaluate

64. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: AOBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: Combustion LOC: E3.5MSC: What Do You Understand?

65. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 6.10 CorrosionLOC: E3.5 MSC: What Do You Remember?


67. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 6.10 CorrosionLOC: E3.5 MSC: What Do You Remember?

68. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 6.10 CorrosionLOC: E3.5 MSC: What Do You Understand?





73. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 6.10 CorrosionLOC: E3.5 MSC: Solve a Problem

74. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 6.10 CorrosionLOC: E3.5 MSC: What Do You Understand?

75. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 6.10 CorrosionLOC: E3.5 MSC: What Do You Understand?

COMPLETION

76. ANS:productright

PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 6.1 Describing Chemical ReactionsLOC: C3.4 MSC: What Do You Understand?

77. ANS: AgNO3

PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 6.1 Describing Chemical ReactionsLOC: C3.4 MSC: What Do You Understand?

78. ANS: arrow


79. ANS: conservation

PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 6.3 Conserving Mass in Chemical ReactionsLOC: C3.2 MSC: What Do You Remember?

80. ANS: coefficient

PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 6.4 Information in Chemical EquationsLOC: C3.4 MSC: What Do You Remember?

81. ANS: subscripts


82. ANS: balanced


83. ANS: mass

PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 6.4 Information in Chemical EquationsLOC: C3.2 MSC: What Do You Understand?

84. ANS: synthesis

PTS: 1 REF: K/UOBJ: 6.5 Types of Chemical Reactions: Synthesis and DecompositionLOC: C3.5 MSC: What Do You Remember?

85. ANS: single displacement

PTS: 1 REF: K/UOBJ: 6.6 Types of Chemical Reactions: Single and Double DisplacementLOC: C3.5 MSC: What Do You Remember?

86. ANS: precipitate

PTS: 1 REF: AOBJ: 6.6 Types of Chemical Reactions: Single and Double DisplacementLOC: C3.5 MSC: What Do You Understand?

87. ANS: oxygen


88. ANS: synthesis

PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: Combustion

LOC: C3.5 MSC: What Do You Remember?89. ANS:

watersteam

PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: CombustionLOC: C3.5 MSC: What Do You Understand?

90. ANS: copper

PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 6.10 CorrosionLOC: C2.1 MSC: What Do You Remember?

MATCHING

91. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: T/IOBJ: 6.4 Information in Chemical Equations LOC: C3.4MSC: Solve a Problem

92. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: T/IOBJ: 6.4 Information in Chemical Equations LOC: C3.4MSC: Solve a Problem

93. ANS: E PTS: 1 REF: T/IOBJ: 6.4 Information in Chemical Equations LOC: C3.4MSC: Solve a Problem

94. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: T/IOBJ: 6.4 Information in Chemical Equations LOC: C3.4MSC: Solve a Problem

95. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: T/IOBJ: 6.4 Information in Chemical Equations LOC: C3.4MSC: Solve a Problem

96. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: AOBJ: 6.6 Types of Chemical Reactions: Single and Double DisplacementLOC: C3.5 MSC: What Do You Understand?

97. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: AOBJ: 6.6 Types of Chemical Reactions: Single and Double DisplacementLOC: C3.5 MSC: What Do You Understand?

98. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: AOBJ: 6.6 Types of Chemical Reactions: Single and Double DisplacementLOC: C3.5 MSC: What Do You Understand?

99. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: AOBJ: 6.6 Types of Chemical Reactions: Single and Double DisplacementLOC: C3.5 MSC: What Do You Understand?

100. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: K/UOBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: Combustion LOC: C3.5MSC: What Do You Remember?

101. ANS: E PTS: 1 REF: K/UOBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: Combustion LOC: C3.5MSC: What Do You Remember?

102. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: K/UOBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: Combustion LOC: C3.5MSC: What Do You Remember?

103. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: K/UOBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: Combustion LOC: C3.5MSC: What Do You Remember?

104. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: K/UOBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: Combustion LOC: C3.5MSC: What Do You Remember?

105. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 6.10 CorrosionLOC: C3.5 MSC: What Do You Remember?

106. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 6.10 CorrosionLOC: C3.5 MSC: What Do You Remember?

107. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 6.10 CorrosionLOC: C3.5 MSC: What Do You Remember?

108. ANS: E PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 6.10 CorrosionLOC: C3.5 MSC: What Do You Remember?

109. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 6.10 CorrosionLOC: C3.5 MSC: What Do You Remember?

110. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: T/IOBJ: 6.4 Information in Chemical Equations LOC: C3.4MSC: Solve a Problem

111. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: T/IOBJ: 6.4 Information in Chemical Equations LOC: C3.4MSC: Solve a Problem

112. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: T/IOBJ: 6.4 Information in Chemical Equations LOC: C3.4MSC: Solve a Problem

SHORT ANSWER

113. ANS:Sample answer: I would carry out a number of reactions in which I carefully weighed both reactants and products, showing that their sums were equal. In reactions that gave off gases I would take care to weigh them and show that no matter was created or destroyed.

PTS: 1 REF: C OBJ: 6.3 Conserving Mass in Chemical ReactionsLOC: E3.2 MSC: Create and Evaluate

114. ANS:Sample answer: Both galvanized steel and aluminum corrode. However, the corrosion that they undergo is beneficial corrosion, preventing the breakdown of the underlying metal. I would correct the ad by saying, “Our gutters are 100 % guaranteed not to break down.”

PTS: 1 REF: C OBJ: 6.10 CorrosionLOC: E3.5 MSC: Create and Evaluate

115. ANS:

Sample answer: I showed an imaginary reaction with atoms A, B, and C. As you can see, the atoms as products join up in different ways than they do as reactants. But the total number of each atom is the same for the products and reactants. No atom (matter) was created or lost.

PTS: 1 REF: C OBJ: 6.3 Conserving Mass in Chemical ReactionsLOC: E3.2 MSC: Create and Evaluate

116. ANS:1. First I write the equation: Fe3O4 H2 Fe H2O2. There are 3 Fe on the leftso I put 3 Fe on the right: Fe3O4 H2 3 Fe H2O3. There are 4 O on the left so Iput 4 for H2O on the right: Fe3O4 H2 3 Fe 4 H2O4. There are 8 H on the right so Iput 4 for H2O on the left: Fe3O4 4 H2 3 Fe 4 H2O

PTS: 1117. ANS:

The law of conservation of mass states that no matter can be created or destroyed. That means that in a chemical equation, no atom can be created or destroyed. That, in turn, means that both sides of a chemical equation must have the exact same number of each type of atom. If you keep that in mind—that during every step of the process both sides need to have the exact same number of each type of atom—balancing equations becomes easier and more logical.

PTS: 1 OBJ: 6.3 Conserving Mass in Chemical ReactionsLOC: E3.2 MSC: Reflect on Your Learning

118. ANS:4 KMnO4 2 K2O 4 MnO 5 O2

It is a decomposition reaction.

PTS: 1 REF: T/I OBJ: 6.4 Information in Chemical EquationsLOC: E3.2 MSC: Solve a Problem

119. ANS:

2 Mg(s) CO2(g) 2 MgO(s) C(s)

PTS: 1 REF: AOBJ: 6.6 Types of Chemical Reactions: Single and Double Displacement

LOC: E3.5 MSC: Solve a Problem120. ANS:

Two solutions are mixed. Both contain dissolved solutes, and both appear to be clear because they are true solutions. When the solutions make contact, a reaction takes place that creates a solid product that is not soluble in water. Since it is not soluble, that solid drops out as a precipitate. It suddenly appears because as an insoluble material, it can’t stay dissolved in the water solution.

PTS: 1 REF: COBJ: 6.6 Types of Chemical Reactions: Single and Double DisplacementLOC: E3.5 MSC: What Do You Understand?

121. ANS:Word equation:

hydrocarbon oxygen carbon dioxide water energy

CH4(g) 2 O2(g) CO2(g) 2 H2O(g) energy

PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: CombustionLOC: E3.5 MSC: Solve a Problem

122. ANS:Complete combustion is a “clean” reaction. It results in only two chemical products, carbon dioxide and water. Incomplete combustion produces carbon monoxide and soot (carbon) in addition to carbon dioxide and water. Complete combustion is better for the environment because it doesn’t produce any “air pollution.” However, like incomplete combustion, complete combustion does produce carbon dioxide, which is a greenhouse gas that contributes to global climate change.

PTS: 1 REF: C OBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: CombustionLOC: E3.5 MSC: Create and Evaluate

123. ANS:Mechanics run car engines in indoor garages. Since most cars do not carry out complete combustion, they emit quantities of carbon monoxide that can be harmful and even fatal to workers.

PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: CombustionLOC: E3.5 MSC: Solve a Problem

124. ANS:Sample answer: The law of conservation of mass does seem obvious to me. I think scientists long suspected that no matter could be created or destroyed, but they were fooled by the fact that mass seemed to get lost during a reaction. The breakthrough that Lavoisier provided was not to ignore the gases. Once he included the mass of the “lost” gases, the law must have seemed obvious.

PTS: 1 OBJ: 6.3 Conserving Mass in Chemical ReactionsLOC: E3.2 MSC: Reflect on Your Learning

125. ANS:General form: AB A B

2 NaN3(s) 2 Na(s) 3 N2(g)

PTS: 1 REF: AOBJ: 6.5 Types of Chemical Reactions: Synthesis and DecompositionLOC: E3.5 MSC: Solve a Problem

126. ANS:The “clean car” will solve problems that have to do with ordinary air pollution. However, the “clean car” still produces carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that is the major cause of global climate change.


127. ANS:Striking the red phosphorus creates friction and heat energy. This heat energy is enough to initiate the combustion of red phosphorus P4, with oxygen to produce white phosphorus, P4O10. The creation of white phosphorus releases enough energy to ignite the rest of the match.

PTS: 1 REF: C OBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: CombustionLOC: E3.5 MSC: What Do You Understand?

128. ANS:General form: A B AB

Zn(s) S(s) ZnS(s)

PTS: 1 REF: AOBJ: 6.5 Types of Chemical Reactions: Synthesis and DecompositionLOC: E3.5 MSC: Solve a Problem

129. ANS:Beneficial corrosion is corrosion that does not destroy the underlying metal. For example, when exposed to air aluminum forms aluminum oxide that sticks tightly to the outer surface of the metal. This aluminum oxide coating prevents oxygen from “attacking” the underlying metal so it protects the metal from breaking down.


130. ANS:Advantages: Hydrogen burns cleanly, producing no pollutants and only water and energy as products. Raw material for making hydrogen—water—is plentiful and easy to obtain.

Disadvantages: Hydrogen is explosive. It could cause accidents if it is not stored safely. Hydrogen would also be a hazard to transport. Also, running the reaction to make hydrogen requires energy. So you must expend energy to get energy from hydrogen. Finally, engines that run on hydrogen are still expensive and impractical.


131. ANS:Sample answer: Though hydrogen is clean and non-polluting, I don’t think it is practical enough for today’s market. We don’t have safe ways to store and transport hydrogen. Hydrogen engines are still very expensive. So I would not invest my money in a hydrogen plant—not until the above problems are worked out.

PTS: 1 OBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: CombustionLOC: E3.5 MSC: Reflect on Your Learning

132. ANS:

AgNO3(aq) NaCl(aq) AgCl(s) NaNO3(aq)

PTS: 1 REF: AOBJ: 6.6 Types of Chemical Reactions: Single and Double DisplacementLOC: E3.5 MSC: Solve a Problem

133. ANS:Methane is highly combustible, but like most combustion reactions, it needs some energy to get started. That energy is supplied from a spark on the kitchen stove.

PTS: 1 REF: T/I OBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: CombustionLOC: E3.5 MSC: Create and Evaluate

134. ANS:

A decomposition reaction splits AB apart into A and B. A synthesis reaction combines A and B together as AB. A single displacement reaction adds an atom from BC to element A to make AC, leaving B as an element. A double displacement reaction switches partners so AB now takes D to become AD and CD takes B to become CB.

PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: CombustionLOC: E3.5 MSC: Create and Evaluate

135. ANS:Corrosion is the breakdown of any metal due to a chemical reaction that takes place as a result of being exposed to the environment. Rust is a type of corrosion that is specific to iron forming iron oxide. Other forms of corrosion take place with other metals. If the metal is iron it is rusted. Otherwise it is corroded.


136. ANS:Sample answer: I would tell her to make the sculpture out of iron. She should keep the sculpture as wet as possible, dip it frequently in salt water and dilute acid, and scratch its outer surface.

PTS: 1 OBJ: 6.10 Corrosion LOC: E3.5MSC: Reflect on Your Learning

137. ANS:The key difference between harmful and beneficial corrosion is how tightly the oxide clings to the outer surface of the metal. If it clings tightly and doesn’t flake, it will protect the metal. If it flakes it will fall off and expose the underlying metal to more corrosion. This will slowly eat away at the metal.


138. ANS:Sample answer: Oxygen is involved in the corrosion of zinc, the combustion of hydrocarbons, and the combustion of hydrogen fuel. I think oxygen’s importance is related to two things—how reactive it is and how plentiful it is. Air is mostly nitrogen, but nitrogen is fairly unreactive. Air is about one-fifth oxygen and that component allows it to react with all sorts of other substances.


139. ANS:Evidence of a chemical change includes a colour change and a change in physical properties. Iron is hard, strong, shiny, silver in colour, and heavy. Iron oxide is brittle, flaky, weak, reddish in colour and not as dense as iron.

PTS: 1 REF: C OBJ: 6.1 Describing Chemical ReactionsLOC: E3.3 MSC: Create and Evaluate

140. ANS:Sample answer: The copper oxide coating that forms must slowly flake off. Unlike iron oxide, which flakes rapidly, the metal is generally protected. But over time the outer coating wears off, and eventually the roof needs to be replaced.

PTS: 1 REF: A OBJ: 6.10 CorrosionLOC: E3.5 MSC: Solve a Problem

141. ANS:H2O2(g) O2(g) H2O(g)


PTS: 1 REF: T/IOBJ: 6.5 Types of Chemical Reactions: Synthesis and DecompositionLOC: E3.5 MSC: Solve a Problem

142. ANS:2 NH4NO3(s) 4 N2(g) 2 H2O(g) O2(g)


PTS: 1 REF: T/IOBJ: 6.5 Types of Chemical Reactions: Synthesis and DecompositionLOC: E3.5 MSC: Solve a Problem

143. ANS:3 Ag2S(s) 2 Al (s) 6 Ag(s) Al4S3(s)

It is a single displacement reaction.

PTS: 1 REF: T/IOBJ: 6.6 Types of Chemical Reactions: Single and Double DisplacementLOC: E3.5 MSC: Solve a Problem

144. ANS:2 AlBr3 3 K2SO4 6 KBr Al2(SO4)3

It is a double displacement reaction.

PTS: 1 REF: T/IOBJ: 6.6 Types of Chemical Reactions: Single and Double DisplacementLOC: E3.5 MSC: Solve a Problem

145. ANS:Sample answer: Synthesis: A and B join together to form dance team AB.Decomposition: Dance team AB breaks up to individual dancers A and B.Single displacement: AB are a team. C comes along and replaces B in the team, creating new team, AC. This leaves B without a partner.Double displacement: AB and CD are two teams that both break up. A now joins up with D to form AD and B joins up with C to form AC.

PTS: 1 REF: K/U OBJ: 6.9 Types of Chemical Reactions: CombustionLOC: E3.5 MSC: Create and Evaluate

146. ANS:Sample answer: If the law of conservation of mass were not true it would mean that matter could be created “out of thin air” or it could be permanently destroyed. In other words, you might be able to carry out a reaction and create new matter that didn’t previously exist. Similarly, you could also carry out reactions that caused matter to disappear. This would affect my everyday life because people could create matter, including valuable materials, out of nothing. There could be harmful consequences if matter were permanently destroyed.

PTS: 1 OBJ: 6.1 Describing Chemical ReactionsLOC: E3.5 MSC: Reflect on Your Learning

147. ANS:Sample answer: It helps me to think of the law of conservation of mass in terms of a bank account. In a bank account, money cannot be created or destroyed. Any money you deposit will increase the balance of the account. Any money that you withdraw will decrease the balance. No changes in the balance can occur without either a deposit or a withdrawal taking place.


148. ANS:Sample answer: Combustion is probably the most important reaction in my life. It heats my house, powers my family’s car, and powers many other things in my life. It also produces pollution and greenhouse gases, so I would like to see less combustion taking place in the world.


149. ANS:Sample answer: I see corrosion as mainly bad. Though corrosion helps protect metals such as zinc, aluminum, and copper, the amount of damage it does to iron and steel has a greater effect on society as a whole.


150. ANS:Three conditions generally need to be met. First, the reactants must be in aqueous solutions. Second, there must be at least two products, one of them also an aqueous solution. Finally, there must be one product that is identified as a solid. That solid will be the precipitate. To make sure, you could check to confirm that the solid is insoluble in water.


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