New Imperialism _____________________Imperialism

• Often referred to as the “___________________________________-”, this is a time in which European nations, and later the U.S., dominated the Globe

– ___________________________________________ is: extending control or authority over foreign territories with the intent of dominating economic, political, and social life of the people

Global Domination

• Imperialism is nothing new, but this is different in terms of the extent of control over the majority of the globe

• About ____________________________________________ is controlled by less than 10 nations: Great Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, Spain, Netherlands, Italy, Portugal, and United States

Driving Forces

• During the mid to late 1800s several factors combined to drive and enable this form of global domination:

– __________________________________________ : the need for more resources to fuel industrialism, and for more markets to sell manufactured goods was a primary reason this new period of European expansion took place

– __________________________________________ : make your own country better—more money, power, and influence (super patriotism)

– __________________________________________: nationalism drove the need to expand Empires for prestige – nation’s status was reflected in size of its empire

Other Motivators

• In addition to industrialism, nationalism, and empire building, several other factors contributed to the process of Imperialism

– ___________________________________________ : Belief that white Europeans are the “fittest race” and should “civilize” people of other nations – duty to bring western culture to those who are inferior – improve the human species

– ___________________________________________ : missionaries had the belief that it was their religious duty to Christianize the world

– ___________________________________________ : merchant fleets needed harbors and ports to refuel/resupply and trade from – naval vessels as well

– ___________________________________________ : belief that peace is maintained through even power distribution in western nations – once one does it…

New Levels of Control

• A key question for this unprecedented level of global conquest is how was it done? How did a handful of nations control so much of the globe?

– ___________________________________________ : Industrial revolution came first to Europe and gave Europeans, and then Americans, a huge advantage over there African and Asian counterparts

• Steam ships, railroads, guns and cannons, better medicine, and communications all factored into controlling large territories long distances away

– ____________________________________________ : European wealth had been building for centuries sense the America’s were colonized. European control of trade markets and a robust banking/investment industry also played a part (wealth isn’t just land anymore). This wealth would fund the expenses of Imperialism

– ____________________________________________ : European political unity and national drive allowed them to concentrate their resources to overcome the many different cultures and peoples of Europe and Asia. (Nationalism)

Imperial Targets

• Since the political revolutions of the America’s reduced colonial holdings, Europeans looked elsewhere to expand to, and America was looking to compete.

• African and Asia (Middle East, Far East Asia, South East, India, etc.) were prime targets.

– _____________________________ : weak technologically and bursting with raw materials

– _____________________________ : in addition to raw materials, control of the well-established Asian trading markets were strongly desired

• The ____________________ sought to expand its influence by controlling Islands throughout the Caribbean and Pacific Ocean, and nations of Latin America (Central America)

– Access to markets and plantations

Types of Imperialism

• __________________________ (two types, similar goals):

– ____________________ - governed by foreign officials while no self-rule was given to natives. The goal was assimilation of the colony into an empire. Government institutions were based on European governments.

• ________________________ : “fatherly” way of ruling – give them needs but not rights

• ________________________ : “Westernize” people by replacing their culture – schools, churches, architecture, courts, businesses

– ____________________ - local government officials might be used, while the native upper-class was given limited self-rule over the colony. The goal was to westernize future leaders of a colony in order to perpetuate a power’s control.

1. In which management method are the people less empowered to rule themselves? Explain. -_______________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. In what ways are the two management methods different? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

• __________________________________________________ :

– S.O.I. is when a foreign power has control over another country’s economy, usually by claiming exclusive investment or trading privileges.

– A protectorate has own government but is controlled by the imperial nation that “protects” it by stating it is off-limits to others – imperial nation benefits through trade and access to ports

• _________________________________________________ : when a private company controls a less developed country, or that country’s economy or main industries

– Dole fruit company controlled Hawaii before it became a State

– United Fruit (Chiquita) in Central America – Banana Republics

– British East Indian Company in India

1. Which two forms are guided by interests in business or trade? -

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2. What is the difference between a protectorate and a

colony? ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

Imperialism In AfricaOn to Africa

• In the 1870s Europeans looked to and explored Africa for _____________________________________to fuel industrialism

• Representatives secured _________________________________ with native leaders for access to raw materials and labor

• Eventually competition caused _______________________________ for access to these resources

Peaceful Division

• European leaders agreed to meet in Berlin to peacefully divide Africa = __________________________________________

• ________________ of the African continent was divided between 7 European states:

– ________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

Free States

• Only two nation’s remained free = ________________________________________________________________________

– Liberia was a state created by the U.S. for freed slaves = protected

– Ethiopia was the only African state to successfully resist colonization by defeating the Italians in war.

• African Dismantled

• In the process of _________________________________________________ into territories based around resources and access to waterways, the Africans themselves were not considered

• Kingdoms, tribes, cultures, language groups were divided and forced to live under European rule

Africa is Changed

• Africa was used for its raw materials

– Oil, ____________________, Coal, Timber, __________________, Copper, _________________________, Tin

• Africa was also used to farm cash crops (crops produced for their trade value rather than for local consumption)

– Cotton, _________________________, Tobacco,___________________, _________________________________________________________________, Wheat, Corn, Oils (palm, peanuts)

• As a result local economies and landscapes were changed, and sometimes cash cropping would result in famines

Imperialism In Asia

On to Asia

• Similar to Africa, Asians were not able to resist European Imperialism

• Asia also has valuable raw materials, but more importantly long establish __________________________________ and large markets to purchase European goods

• Imperialism in Asia was a mixture of __________________________________ colonial control and __________________________________

• Unlike in Africa, Asia was also a place were other imperial powers like the U.S., as well as the rapidly modernizing Japan, competed with Europeans for influence and control.

British Control Over India

• In the 1700s the British East India Company began to strengthen its trade monopoly by controlling parts of India

• Later, the British government would take full control over India and run it as part of its colonial Empires

• The wealth built from this process was so great that _________________ became known as the ____________________________________________________________

“Jewel in the Crown”

• ________________________________ was a source of raw materials and a market to sell manufactured goods

– Cotton (textiles), jute (to make rope), tea, indigo (blue dye), and opium (drug traded with China)

• In the process India was _________________________________________ and _______________________________________was imposed

– Railroads, roads, schools, hospitals, etc.

• Cash cropping replaced much of the traditional food crops grown in India, leading to famines

Growing Resentment

• Control and altering of Indian society led to a loss of self-sufficiency and to resentment towards British rule

• Several armed rebellions, including the Sepoy (Indian Soldiers) rebellion in 1857, let to _________________________________________________ and movements towards _____________________________

• The British would retain control of Indian until after World War II in 1947

Imperialism in China

• Unlike Africa and India, China was never fully colonized

• European powers established _____________________________

______________________________ to control its government and economy, usually through forced trade treaties and control of trade ports

Trade Wars

• Early Imperialism in China began with trade problems

• China had little interest in the European goods that they viewed as inferior – instead they insisted on silver (cash) for products

• To avoid draining the British treasury they began to import __________________________ (highly addictive drug) into Chinese port cities

– China wanted to preserve their culture so port cities were limited (partial _______________________________________________________ – limited contact with foreigners)

War on Drugs

• This __________________________________________would create a product that the Chinese would demand and hence trade their goods (tea, silk, etc.) for

• This drug was destructive to Chinese society and the Chinese went to war with Great Britain to stop its importation (________________________________________________)

China Dominated

• _______________________________________________________ led to a series of treaties (ex. Treaty of Nanjing) that granted Europeans and Americans special privileges (ex. Extraterritoriality), and control of trade ports (ex. Hong Kong)

• Resentment towards “foreign devils” (ex. Christian missionaries) in Chinese society led to conflict (ex. ________________________________) and more control over China

Imperialism in South East Asia

• Other _______________________________nations also became Spheres of Influence but were put under more direct control

• Spanish ________________________________________ would fall to ________________________________________ control after the Spanish American War

America and Japan Play the Imperial GameAmerican Imperialism

• Due to ______________________________________________, the U.S. did not typically seek to build colonies in Africa or Asia

• _________________________________________________________ was the form of choice in most cases (Latin America)

• Some territories were seized in the __________________________________________________________(Puerto Rico, Philippines, Guam) and Pacific Islands (ex. Hawaii) were annexed to provide refueling stations to the lucrative trade with Asia

Japanese Imperialism

• Eager to avoid being dominated in the way that China was, Japan ____________________________________________and began its own Imperial conquest

• Beginning with the __________________________________________________(1868 - restore the Emperor to rule), Japan employed western industrialism to develop it’s army and navy

• They conquered __________________________________ and then parts of __________________________________

Effects of Imperialism

• The process of the New Imperialism had many effects:

– Spread western culture

– Increased wealth of Europeans, Americans, Japanese

– Spread Christianity

– Impoverished (made poor) many places in the world that were colonized

– Brought modern technology to many places in the world

– Spread western medical practices

– Changed traditional patterns in societies

• ___________________________________________ would eventually __________________________________