Cellular Respiration

Lesson 9.1 - Cellular Respiration: An Overview

Cellular Respiration

_________________________________________________ is a process of energy conversion that releases ______________________________ from food in the presence of _______________________.

Equation

Symbols

Stages of Cell Respiration

__________________________________________ __________________________________________ __________________________________________

Stage 1: Glycolysis

____________________________ first enters a chemical pathway known as ______________________. A small amount of energy is ______________________________ to produce _______________________.

Stage 2: Krebs Cycle

In the second stage of cellular respiration a little more ________________ is ______________________.

Stage 3: Electron Transport

The final stage requires ______________________________ from the other two stages of the process.

Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

How can photosynthesis and cellular respiration be thought of as opposite processes?_______________

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Lesson 9.2 – The process of cellular respiration

Glycolysis

One molecule of __________________ is converted to two molecules of _________________________.

Glycolysis: ATP and NADH Production

_______________________ and _______________________________ are produced during glycolysis.

The Krebs Cycle

______________________________________is broken down into _____________________________ in a series of energy-extracting reactions.

Pyruvic acid from glycolysis is used to make _______________,_______________, and ______________, with _________________________________ as a by-product.

________________________ passes through the two membranes of the _________________________ and into the matrix.

The Krebs Cycle: Citric Acid Production

______________________________________________ adds the 2-carbon acetyl group to a 4-carbon molecule already present, producing a 6-carbon molecule called _______________________________.

The Krebs Cycle: Energy Extraction

___________________________________ is broken down into a 4-carbon molecule, more carbon dioxide is released, and _____________________________________ are transferred to energy carriers.

The Krebs Cycle: Energy Extraction

For each turn of the cycle, a molecule of __________________ is converted to a molecule of _________.

Electron Transport

_________________________________ from the Krebs cycle and glycolysis feed into the last step of cellular respiration.

____________________________________________________ is composed of a series of electron carriers located in the __________________ membrane of the ______________________________.

The cell uses a process known as ____________________________ to produce _________________.

Total ATP from Cellular Respiration

_____________________________________, the _______________________________, and the ___________________________________________________________ release about ______________ molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose.

Lesson 9.3 – Fermentation

Fermentation

In the absence of ___________________________, ___________________________________ releases energy from food molecules by producing _______________________.

There are two slightly different forms of the process:

__________________________________________

__________________________________________

Alcoholic fermentation

_______________________________________ and a few other microorganisms use _________________________ fermentation, which produces ___________________________ and __________________________________.

Pyruvic acid + NADH → Alcohol + _______________________

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Most organisms carry out fermentation using a chemical reaction that converts pyruvic acid to __________________________________.

Pyruvic acid + NADH →_____________________________

Quick Energy

For short, quick bursts of energy, the body uses _____________________________ already in muscles as well as ATP made by ___________________________________________________.

Long-Term Energy

For exercise longer than about _______________________________________, cellular respiration is the _______________________ way to continue generating a supply of ____________________.

Fermentation Review

During ____________________________________, cells convert ________________ to _____________ by passing ________________________________________________________ back to pyruvic acid.