Chapter 8. B. A. Croft, W. M. Bode. 1983. Tactics for deciduous fruit IPM. Pages 219-270. In: B. A. Croft, S. C. Hoyt (editors). Integrated Management of Insect Pests of Pome and Stone Fruits. New York: John Wiley-Interscience, 454 pages.

Keywords: control tactics employed for arthropod-pest control, chemical control, selective pesticides, selective acaricides for integrated mite control, Panonychus ulmi, Aculus schlechtendali, Amblyseius fallacis, development of selective-insecticide control programs, pesticide resistance in apple pests, primary and sporadic pests codling moth, red-banded leaf roller, oblique-banded leaf roller,, secondary

pests leafhoppers Erythroneura lawsoniana, white apple leafhopper, tentiform leaf miner Phyllonorcyter blancardella, resistance to natural enemies associated with apple pests, insecticide resistant mite predator, resistant species, Amblyseius fallacis, Typhlodromus occidentalis, T. pyri, characterization of resistance, toxicology and mechanisms of resistance, cross-resistance, genetics of resistance, endemic species, introduced species, biological control, introduction of natural enemies, management of resistance in pests and natural enemies, patterns of organophosphorous resistance in North American orchards, classical biological control programs in apples and pears, periodic and inundative releases of natural enemies, manipulation of endemic species, microbial control, host-plant resistance, sex pheromones, pheromone traps, autocidal control by release of sterile insects, cultural control methods, integration of controls