THE GALAXIANNEWSLETTER

Volume I 2072

PRINCIPAL'S DESKWith the change in time, the concept of education has undergone a sea change. Education is not centered on books only. Neither is it teacher centric as it used to be. Today education is a holistic concept. It includes curricular, co-curricular and extracurricular activities aimed at

making students fit for life. Students learn various life skills at school. The role of the school has also changed. In the information age, the school is not the only source of knowledge.

Since the world has become more and more complex, the role of the agencies of education has also become more and more complex. The school, the home and the society have to work together to enable students to face the challenges of life. There must be better understanding between the three agencies of education i.e. the school, the home, and the society.

Education begins at home. Parents are the first teachers. It is parents who first instill the values of the family among the children. The school reinforces these values. These values manifest themselves in society. The school as well as parents are responsible for imparting values to students. That is why students are encouraged to do social work.

Communication is the buzzword these days. There must be communication between the school, the parents and the members of society if we want to see desirable changes in children. That is why the school organizes frequent Parent-Teacher Meetings through report card distribution.

I am sure all round development of a child’s personality is possible only if we all join hands to make the lives of our children more meaningful. We cannot walk alone.

ART AND CULTURE PROGRAM: JAPANThe school prides itself in providing opportunities for students to discover their talents and skills through practical as well as theoretical knowledge. As part of this venture, some of our students have been invited to participate in the Art & Cultural Show, which is going to be held at Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

Our students will be participating in the Echigo-Tsumari Art Triennale 2015, which is one of the largest art festivals in the world and is held once every three years in the Echigo-Tsumari region since 2000. The Triennale provides an opportunity to present projects and initiatives developed in the Echigo-Tsumari Art Field. Galaxy Public School will be representing Nepal in this program. Our students will be performing six dances (Chhalia, Adhunik, Maghauta, Tamangselo, Sebru & Manjushree) and two Japanese songs (Sora Takaku & Furusato).

They will be traveling to Japan on 30th July, 2015 and will return on 7 August, 2015. Mrs. Surina Sunayani Gurung, the Vice Principal of the school, and Mr. Chani Kumar Rai, the Dance Instructor of the school will be accompanying the students. The students participating in the festival are:1. Jagrit Prashad Upadhyay Dahal 9G22. Shrikhanda Shrestha 9G53. Simran Pahari 9G44. Sabik Nath Shrestha 9G35. Garima Shrestha 9G36. Sanskriti Pandey 8G17. Ang Phuri Sherpa 8G58. Pratistha Aryal 8G49. Shreela Gurung 7G110. Pratistha Niroula 7G311. Soni Khadka 7G312. Pancham Rana 4G1

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DANCEMaghauta Folk DanceThe Tharus living in the far western regions of Nepal, like Dang and Kailali and in different parts of the Terai perform this dance during their festivals and important events in their lives. Traditional Tharu dress is worn during the dance.Male dancer wears: shirt, traditional cloth called ‘Dhoti’, and traditional towel called the ‘gamchha’ Female dancer wears: long skirt, blouse & traditional ornaments which include silver crowns, bangles, nose studs and necklaces

Sebru Folk DanceThe Sherpas living in the upper Himalayan regions perform this dance during Lhosar (festival), weddings and other social occasions. Usually the dance is performed in pairs by holding hands and tapping the feet in synchronization with the music.Male dancer wears: traditional trousers, cap, traditional topFemale dancer wears: traditional long gown called ‘Bakkhu’ & traditional necklace made of beads

Tamangselo Folk Dance The Tamangs living in the hilly regions of the Kathmandu valley Dhading, Rasuwa, Nuwakot, Sindhupalchowk perform this dance during Lhosar, weddings, auspicious and social occasions. Male dancer wears: traditional shirts, trousers and capsFemale dancer wears: traditional blouse, top & traditional ornaments like crowns, necklaces made of beads and coins

Magare Jhwaure Folk DanceThe Magars living in Banke in the mid-western development zone and in Surkhet perform this dance during festivals, weddings and other social gatherings. This form of dance is accompanied by traditional folk songs.Male dancer wears: traditional top, traditional cloth and capsFemale dancer wears: gowns, blouse, traditional crowns & bead necklaces

Chhalia Folk DanceThe locals living in the far-western development zone, mainly Baitadi, Dadeldura, Doti perform this dance during festivals and other social occasions. Male dancer wears: white shirts, traditional trousers and turbansFemale dancer wears: blouse, gowns, sarongs & traditional ornaments, necklace made of beads and coins

Manjushree DanceThe Newars living in the Kathmandu valley perform this dance on social occasions. According to legends, Manjushree had come from China to Kathmandu. She had drained all the water of a huge pond in Kathmandu and had set up human settlements in that area. Two other people had come to Kathmandu along with Manjushree. They were Varada and Mokshada. Sometimes the dance is performed by a single dancer. Sometimes the three characters, Manjushree, Varada and Mokshada dance together. They may also be joined by Ganesh and

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Mahakaal. Traditional dress is worn during the performance.

TOP TEN NAMELIST OF 1ST MID TERM EXAMINATION - 2072NURSERY LKG UKG 1 2

1 Chirayu Gurung Anwesha Thapa Advay Gharti Magar Pratyush Bhattarai Niranjana Manandhar2 Harshit Marwari Baishnavi L. Magar Swornim Thapaliya Rishav Rai Aajju Maharjan3 Divyan Gautam Anuja Choudhary Prasanna Kanel Preciosa Pandey Sandip Singh Dhami4 Neha Sharma Binita Pahari Sudhir Shah Darshana Panta Aayush Panta5 Shaaya Rana Devanjana Bariyait Samyam Tripathi Divyesh Baidya Ranee Rijal6 Prasamsha Maharjan Soyam Niraula Niraj Yadav Pranjal Rajbahak Samyog Regmi7 Saunigya Pathak Pranab Gajurel Shashank Karna Saurav Raj Yadav Pracheet KC8 Bungwama Rai Trisha Pokhrel Arya Baral Wonjala Maharjan Sisrikshya Dulal9 Binamra Chaudhary Utsab Kafle Esme Tamang Avanish Dev Bhatta Siddhant P. Tamang10 Soham Acharya Bihan KC Fransisca Rijal Bidhan Pandit Ayush Sharma

3 4 5 61 Krish Jaiswal Shristina Poudel Bipin Singh Dhami Prayusha Pudasaini2 Ayusha Subba Prashraya Dhakal Bikram Century Bigyata Bhatta3 Bidusee Sharma Samridhika Dahal Bipasana Shrestha Swikriti Subba4 Kavya Pradhan Prayash Kanel Smarika Basnet Peshal Kumar Shrestha5 Rishabh Jha Agya Mishra Shine Amagai Arnav Darnal6 Shaswat Karki Pabina Shrestha Manish Adhikari Sujay Shrestha7 Pradhyot Adhikari Ayesha Uprety Vatsal Khetan Shreeya Shrestha8 Samragi Acharya Alvin Yadav Meri Dolma Pakhrin Grishma Panta9 Swastika Khatiwada Aastha Maharjan Hardik Ghimire Piyush Rauniyar10 Aagaman Giri Sneha Gupta Pranay Tuladhar Christopher Poudel

7 8 9 101 Sadichha Panthi Preeti Poudyal Mukesh Tiwari Ayush Karna2 Bidushika Dahal Subeshya Poudel Parayani Sharma Dora Tola3 July Chapagain Lakshya Jalan Aayush Subedi Anish Bhetwal4 Sabigya Gyawali Kripa Bhattarai Asmi Shrestha Sulav Shah5 Bismita Kunwar Punam Katuwal Rajin Thapa Palpasa Manandhar6 Kohinoor Shrestha Ojas Sapkota Arati Bhandari Sidharth Aryal7 Kelrica Lama Rubisha Shrestha Samip Bikram Thapa Shital Lohiya8 Hritika Jasiwal Tisha Prajapati Himanshu KC Yogendra Basnet9 Binu Thapa Aditi Kharel Sakshyam Ghimire Rajiv Sunar10 Shreela Gurung Aashish R. Adhikari Ruchika Jaiswal Nitika Poudel10 Girwan Poudel

EDUCATION SYSTEMAccording to the Nepalese education system, classes 8, 9 and 10 are considered to be the most important classes because of the following reasons:1) Students of Class 8 have to register themselves with the District Level Examination Board. They are

required to fill up Registration Forms which include their personal details like their name, date of birth and father/mother's name. The information given must be authentic because these details are verified in Class 9 when the students fill up another Registration Form and in Class 10 when the students fill up the SLC Examinations Form. The information given in all the forms submitted in classes 8, 9 and 10 must be the same.

2) This year, 180 Galaxy Public School students of Class 9 have filled up Registration Forms for the SLC examinations to be held in 2073. Once the registration forms have been filled from one particular school, the students cannot officially change the school because of the possible complications which may arise in filling up the SLC Examinations Form in Class 10.

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3) This year 189 students of Galaxy Public School are appearing for the SLC examinations. They have completed all the formalities of filling up the forms. We wish them all the very best in their examinations.

Changed Realities after the EarthquakePrincipalGalaxy Public School is a student-friendly school. The school is committed to providing quality education to its students and to bring out the creative talents in students. The school is known for its excellent relationship between parents, teaching staff and students. The unexpected earthquake has adversely affected the smooth functioning of the school. The earthquake has devastated the lives of all the people living in Kathmandu and its surrounding districts. Galaxy Public School is no exception.

The buildings from which Galaxy Public School operates are earthquake resistant. After the earthquake the school has ensured that all the buildings that suffered minor damages have been retrofitted. All the buildings are completely safe now. In spite of this, the school has decided to run classes only on the ground floor. The aftershocks of the earthquake continue to hit Kathmandu. In order to avoid any unpleasant incident caused by these aftershocks, the school has built 34 temporary structures in the open spaces of the school. Obviously there is a scarcity of open space for outdoor activities.

More temporary structures are being built to accommodate the libraries, laboratories, music & dance rooms, toilets, computer labs etc. The school has had to spend a lot of funds for the construction work. It is not averse to spending more for infrastructure development.

The school mourns the untimely death of Bhavishya Thapa of class 12 (Science). The earthquake claimed Bhavishya’s life at his own residence. We mourn the death of Mr. Krishna Bahadur Khadka, an administrative staff of the school. Mr. Khadka passed away due to a landslide in Sindhupalchowk. We offer our sincere condolences to the members of the bereaved families. The school offered its helping hand to those affected by the devastating earthquake. It provided financial assistance to those members of the staff who have lost their homes, whose homes have been partially damaged and to those who have had to relocate due the earthquake. Despite being a victim of the earthquake, the school did not forget its social responsibilities. It operated earthquake relief camps during the two massive earthquake attacks. It provided free food and shelter to 450 people after the first attack and 150 people after the second attack.

The ex-students of the school also donated funds and relief materials to various social organizations engaged in earthquake relief work. It has made arrangements for the education of a few children affected by the earthquake.

It is the responsibility of this school to provide safe classrooms to its students because we know that education cannot be compromised.

I am happy to see students taking a keen interest in curricular and co-curricular activities even after the massive earthquake.

I would like to assure the parents and guardians that the school will do its level best to provide the best education to its students in these trying times.

OUTSTANDING STUDENTSCl MADAL TABLA GUITAR FLUTE KEYBAORD VIOLIN DANCE SONG

N Aarohee Basnet Saunigya Pathak

L Baishnavi Magar Binita Pahari

U Esme Tamang Aarya Baral

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2 Sisrikshya Dulal Riyan Nepal Sarah Khadgi Russel Dahal Aryan Kumar Barkha Joshi

3 Samragi Acharya Amish Saxena Urken Sherpa Sumika Shahi Agaman Giri Arghee Rana

4 Pujan Shrestha Jiya Mandal Rahul Gupta Ambika Rai Bipin Singh Dhami Panna Bhandari Nunamma Limbu Bipin Singh Dhami

5 Sujal Gautam Sagun Shrestha Raul Pandey Naresh Koirala Sahil Devkota Mingma Sherpa Simran Chaulagain Nairitya Satyal

6 Rojan Adhikari Rubeyl Tamang Pramila Bishwokarma Norden Sherpa Sujaya Shrestha Silbiya Lama Jigyasha Sonam Nistha Aryal

7 Pratistha Niraula Abhinav Acharya Dawa Sherpa Manzil Dahal Sadichha Panthi Lumina Manandhar Pratistha Niraula Bimal Neupane

8 Helena Bhatarai Swikriti Lama Sichhya Singh Kusum Lama Rakshya Aryal Swikar Koirala Deeya Shrestha Ojash Sapkota

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9 Arpan Pandit Roshan Shahi Ankur Mahto Simrik Shrestha Parayani Sharma Simma Rai Garima Shrestha Prashant Adhikari

10 Aryan Rijal Sobika Thapa Shreyan Lama Oscar Shrestha Sweekrit Acharya Sammang Limbu Sonika Khatri Gaurav Raymajhi

CHESS COMPETITION RESULT - 2072

Class 1st 2nd 3rd 3rd 10 Boys Keyur Dhungana G3 Dora Tola G1 Subhashish Jung Shah G3 Pragyan KC G210 Girls Palpasa Manandhar G1 Reka Regmi G1 Sohani Dhakal G4 Sumi Bajgain G39 Boys Rahul Jaiswal G4 Saurav Shrestha G1 Ankit Neupane G2 Prashant Adhikari G39 Girls Asmi Shrestha G1 Shahina Shrestha G3 Harshika Maheshwar G2 Kritika Aryal G28 Boys Apar Limbu G2 Darshan Poudel G3 Biraj Niroula G4 Ojas Sapkota G18 Girls Arunima Raya Chettri G2 Ashiyana Sharma G1 Subekshya Poudel G1 Priyasha Kanel G17 Boys Abhishek Lamichane G1 Manzil Dahal G1 Bijen Rai G1 Anish Deulyal G17 Girls Sneha Gautam G3 Trishana Sapkota G2 Yukta Ghimire G1 Saniya Jain G36 Boys Norden Sherpa G1 Birat Chand G3 Anant Lakhotia G1 Roshan Lama G36 Girls Apeksha Bhandari G3 Riya Tikhatri G4 Soyana Gurung G2 Palistha Shrestha G25 Boys Adarsa Koirala G1 Samyak Tuladhar G2 Nairitya Satyal G1 Gahan Raj Dangol G45 Girls Vaishnavi Shah G2 Swastika Magar G5 Angel Rai G3 Aayusha Karki G34 Boys Gaurab Tandukar G2 Raghav Basnet G1 Bishram Paudyal G2 Jenish Neupane G24 Girls Shine Amagain G1 Prapti Regmi G2 Prasamsa Kanel G2 Nirjala Khadka G2

TABLE TENNIS COMPETITION RESULT - 2072Class 1st 2nd 3rd 3rd 10 Boys Mingso Limbu G5 Rozan Shrestha G5 Binit Karna G3 Sulav Bhandari G4

10 Girls Alisha Shrestha G5 Yozana Gautam G1 Ishika Paudel G1 Jasmine Neupane G4

9 Boys Abhishek Raimajhi G1 Dijen Ghale G4 Sagar Shrestha G3 Nitesh Basnet G3

9 Girls Esnita Karki G3 Aakriti Dahal G2 Dina Rai G2 Ishani Acharya G1

8 Boys Phurba Sherpa G4 Krishna Khadgi G5 Appar Thebe G2 Durga Shrestha G1

8 Girls Poonam Bhandari G1 Shreyaska Silwal G3 Arunima Chettri G2 Prashiksha Dhungana G2

7 Boys Upen Parajuli G2 Sambhu Tamang G3 Bijen Rai G1 Ragav Maharjan G4

7 Girls Manju Magar G1 Chetana KC G4 Ojaswi Uprety G4 Soni Khadka G3

6 Boys Niranjan Thapa G2 Karma Gurung G3 Rojan Adhikari G5 Aman Neupane G2

6 Girls Sneha Rai G3 Soyana Gurung G2 Anushka Karna G1 Ananya Lakhotia G5

JUDGESQUIZ

Class Group Judge 1 Judge 2 Judge 3 Judge 4Classes 8&7 Group 1 Jayan Ghimire Prajna Subedi Aayush Subedi Sakshyam GhimireClasses 10&9 Group 2 Aaraju Adhikari Sobika Thapa Sweekrit Aacharya Safalta KhanalClasses 6&3 Group 3 Anugya Gautam Pratikshya Dhakal Samrat Karki Dora TolaClasses 5&4 Group 4 Nischal Ghinanju Siddartha Aryal Parayani Sharma Ishani AacharyaClasses (N-2) Group 5 Aarazoo Tamang Asmi Shrestha Ruchika Jaiswal Mallika Khatiwada

SPELLINGClass Group Judge 1 Judge 2 Judge 3 Judge 4Classes 10&9 Group 1 Pratikshya Dhakal Anugya Gautam Samrat Karki Dora TolaClasses 8&7 Group 2 Aaraju Adhikari Sobika Thapa Sweekrit Aacharya Jayant GhimireClasses 6&3 Group 3 Nischal Ghinanju Samrat Karki Parayani Sharma Ishani AcharyaClasses 5&4 Group 4 Aarazoo Tamang Asmi Shrestha Ruchika Jaiswal Mallika KhatiwadaClasses (N-2) Group 5 Safalta Khanal Prajna Subedi Aayush Subedi Sakshyam Ghimire

Art & Craft ChessClaywork Pushpa Thapa Magar Binod AleProductive Art Monika Bantawa Prem Waiba

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Painting Anita Ghimire Vijay MaharjanKiran Shah

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Garden (Bikram Century - 4G1)

A garden looks very beautifulwith beautiful flowers and green

grassA garden has many small insects

with a big and tall trees.

A garden has beautiful butterflieswith insects and flies

A garden is big and wonderfulwith colourful flowers.

In garden there are many birdsI cannot describe in words.A garden has many plantsand beautiful, tiny ants.

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POEMA Precious Gift

(Shristina Poudel - 5G1)

My father bought a giftAnd gave it to meThen I opened it

A teddy bear.

I was so happyThat I jumped with joy

It was a soft toyAnd it filled me with joy.

The next time he gave meA precious gift

It was a ringAnd then I started to sing.

I didn't believe thatIt was a precious gift,

A precious giftI was so happy

That I jumped with joy.

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A Happy Person(Prayusha Pudasaini - 6G1)

A happy person always smilesHe has no complaints.He is always cheerful

Without sorrow or pain.

We want to be a happy personWithout any stress.

And live forever happily,With a smile on our face.

Everyone likes a happy personWho is never sad

And like to talk to himAs he is never bad.

So, come on, let's promiseTo keep aside our tension.

Forget our stressAnd be a happy person.

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A Cold and Frosty Morning (Shreela Gurung - 7G1)

The ground was ash-grey on Sunday morning

And the spirits were already awake,I looked out of the window glassAnd saw glistening snowflakes.

The ground was glistening and whiteWith thousands of sparkling jewels,In the dark light they were gleaming

In the frosty and icy pools.

The pile of snow beneath my bootsChilly wind blowing everywhere,The snow kept mounting on the

postsOn the windows and on the roads.

It was foggy and the vision blurredPassing the garden, the children

chuckled,The people all around were in hustle

and bustlePushing and passing each other.

Jackets and sweaters, stockings and boots

Snug hats and mittens, and woolen suits,

All then come with merry and joyOut of the house to play with snow.

*******A Letter to God

(Preeti Poudyal - 8G1)

I pointed my pen,Towards the white paper,

And started to write,Almighty God a letter.

Oh God, tell meWhy is the sun bright?

Oh God, tell meWhy is the snow white?

Why does water flowFrom up to down?

Why doesn't everyone smile?Why do you make them frown?

How will the worldBe after twenty years?Will everyone smile?Or will there be tears?

Oh Almighty God,Please reply to my letter

So that I may feelRelaxed and better.

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A Dream Come True(Pawana Shrestha - 9G1)

When I see myself there at the top,Teaching all the little kids

To roll, move, clap and hop,I see myself creating new future

Dancers all over the world,I see myself making the perfect formThe ballet, the belly, the classical and

hip-hop,And that is the only time when I

Realize a dream come true.

They'll all perform and I'll be the one to choreograph,

I'll teach them all of mineEven if they do little, full or even half,

I'll be happy to see their progressAnd they'll realize to put their soul, in

that case,I'll see myself being the one to confessA dream come true, a dream come true.

I'll create the next dancers,They'll be next choreographersAnd when I form my own crew,I'll realize my dream come true.

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A World We Ignore(Pragya Khadgi - 10G5)

What about the people,Who don't get enough to eat?

What about the people,Who don't get enough sleep?

What about the people,Who don't get a proper dress?

Can we just wait for a minute?Can we take a short break,

And take a look at what we missed?A world around usA world we ignore!

A good dress please!!Some nice food please!!A new phone please!!

This please would never endIt goes with us to the very end.

Can I get some food?Can I get some sleep?

Why don't you take a break,To see people's misery and weep.

Can we take a minuteAnd look around usA world around us

A world we ignore!!*******

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ARTICLEMY SCHOOL

(Dipsun Kafle - 4G1)School is a place where we learn to

read, write and do different activities. In school we read, write, play and do many things. School is also known as the second home.

I also go to school. We have to learn many things in the world. The things we don't know we learn in school. We can do plenty of things in school. In our school, there are many teachers, students and classes. It also has many playgrounds.

In school teachers teach the students. We have fun in school. School is also like a home for some children. They live in school. They are called boarders and they stay in the hostels.

In school some children don't bring tiffin everyday. The school provides food for them. They are called day-boarders. Some of them go home by walking and some of them go home by bus.

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FESTIVALS(Prayash Kanel - 5G1)

We celebrate festivals for enjoyment and to worship different forms of God. It is celebrated by everyone. It is celebrated according to caste and religion.

People celebrate festivals like Dashain, Tihar, Eid, Christmas, Holi, Lhosar and Shivratri.

The national festivals of Hindus are Dashain and Tihar. It is celebrated all over Nepal. It lies in Ashwin and Kartik. In Dashain, we put tika, jamara, wear new dresses, fly kites, and enjoy ourselves. In Dashain, we worship Goddess Durga. Tihar is celebrated after Dashain. In this festival, we worship Goddess Laxmi. We use firecrackers and other things to enjoy ourselves. We also eat delicious foods.

During Tihar, we celebrate Bhai Tika. In this festival, we get blessings from our sisters and enjoy ourselves.

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EDUCATION(Bigyata Bhatta - 6G1)

Life is a gift for human beings. We all wish to have a happy and successful life. For that, we need qualities like good health, education, happy family, and friends. Among these, education is the most important.

Education is the knowledge about different things in and around the world which can be known through society and nature. Education is essential to achieve a happy life.

When education is given to a person, he or she can build up a nation. Nowadays, education has reached every corner of the world just like the sun. Most of the people are well-educated. To educate the people, different types of organizations have been established, such as schools, colleges and universities. An educated person cannot be fooled by others. It is only due to education that our society has progressed.

"A person without education is like an animal." This is a common proverb and it is very true. The more you educate others, the more you will get in return. So please be educated and educate others too.

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DUTY OF A CITIZEN(Bismita Kunwar - 7G1)

Each and every human being lives in a society where they can share their feelings, emotions, ideas, and socialize with each other whether it's in a city or a village. But there are also some rules and duties we have to follow while living in a society. It's not only about the society; we should also take responsibilities of our cities or villages.

There are some duties we have to follow. As a citizen, we do many things, which we should not do. We throw wastes on the roads, we cut down trees, and we even break traffic rules which are meant for us to follow.

We should stop doing that. We should not litter grounds; we should not cut down trees. In fact, we should try to grow more and more trees. We should not break traffic rules or any rules meant for us. We should not be so selfish, that for our selfish needs we pollute the environment.

If we can't even do this, we can at least encourage others to do these activities. These are meant for us and if we can't do these things, what is the advantage of being a human being? So, let's hold each other's hand and move forward.

*******

EXPERIENCE IS A GOOD TEACHER(Lakshya Jalan - 8G1)

Experience makes a person perfect. Without experience we cannot excel in life. We get knowledge about things from experiencing various things.

If we have been deceived once in our lifetime, through that experience we can prevent being deceived in future. Once we know how to repair a mixer, we can repair it always. When we experience our life with different kinds of people, we learn lessons from them. We learn how to tackle different people.

Experiences of life increase our practical knowledge. The best teacher for practical knowledge is experience. The more we experience, the more we learn. We learn how to bargain with shopkeepers. We learn from them how to bargain with customers. All these aspects are very important in our life. When we apply for a job, our practical knowledge of tackling and handling situations is more important. So, experience is a good teacher.

*******

IMPORTANCE OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE(Aarju Tamang - 9G1)

English is an international language, which means it is used, spoken and written internationally. Each country has its own culture and language and there are lots of communication problems when two people from different backgrounds communicate. If these two speak in their native tongues, none of them will understand but if they were to communicate in English, both will understand.

English language is understood by all. That is why songs sung in English, book written and movies made using English language are received and appreciated by more people. So, one must learn English so that we can communicate with whoever we want and whenever we can.

If one were to present a particular project in international programs, one speaks English to make everyone understand. No one will understand if we speak in Nepali. In order to be able to talk confidently and smartly, fluency in English is a must because no matter how good our skills are, if we can't deliver it properly, it is useless.

English language is very important. Therefore, we must learn it whenever we can and communicate with each other in English and become perfect in it. As they say, "Practice makes a man perfect," we must all practise this language and break the language barrier.

*******EARTH CAN PROVIDE US ALL OUR NEEDS BUT NOT ALL OUR GREED

(Prajna Subedi - 10G1)Earth, we call her Mother Earth, but we rarely think why we call her Mother. Have you ever just asked yourself why this planet Earth

that we live in is called Mother? Why is she given such a high status?8

No, of course not. But stop and just think for a minute "Why do we do so?" Well we do so because Earth is like our mother. She provides us with everything we need without thinking about herself, gives us all we want exactly like our mother. She gives us food, shelter, air and water which we need for our survival but when we desire something that is not our need it is our greed which she isn't able to provide to us.

When Earth is not able to provide us our greed, do we let her go? No, instead we, cruel human beings, start exploiting her but again like our mother she just bears the pain. She never complains until it's too much. That is when disaster strikes us and we lose our lives, properties, etc. We blame Mother Earth and nature for being cruel but do we ever think of our cruelty towards her?

For once imagine your very own mother in place of Mother Earth. Would you be able to do so? Obviously not, so we should all remember -

"Earth can provide us all our needs, but not all our greed."*******

STORY WRITINGKOEL & CROW

(Arnav Darnal - 6G1)Once upon a time, there was a crow and a koel. Both of them

lived in the same tree. One day, koel was very eager to tell her dearest friend, crow, that she was about to lay eggs.

In the evening, she told the crow about the news. They were very happy. They started to collect twigs to build a nest for koel's unborn babies. After a few days, they made a beautiful nest on the upper branch of the tree. They were very happy about it.

After three days, she laid her eggs. She wanted the eggs to hatch quickly. A few days later, her nest was full of baby koels. They were very happy and started collecting food for the little ones with love. But when they were out, a honey badger arrived and devoured all the little birds, and went away. After some time, the koel returned, and was afraid to see nothing in her nest. Then she called the crow, who arrived at the same time. She asked for her babies, and started fighting because she thought that the crow was responsible. Angered by this, the crow pushed the koel and she died. Finally, the crow went away with a heavy heart.Moral: Always try to find out the root cause for any argument

before blaming others because most of the time, it may be that a third party is responsible.

********

A KIND AND HELPFUL FAMILY7 Sadichha Panthi

Once upon a time in a small village, there lived a small family. In that family there were five members and they were mother, father, son, daughter and grandmother. They were very kind and gentle. They all helped their neighbours when they were in need. Everybody liked them. They used to earn their living by farming. They were very hardworking farmers of that village.

One day while they were working they saw a man doing nothing just sleeping. They were shocked and thought, what a strange person he was. He was doing nothing just wasting his time. In the evening the son saw the same man begging. He called out to his mother. His mother went near that person and asked, "What do you do for your living?" He said, "I just beg to earn my living" The son's mother suggested him to do something. She advised him not to waste his youth but to do something fruitful. She gave him some money and he went away. After a long period of time, the family saw him again. They saw that he had started growing vegetables. They felt very happy when they saw this. The man thanked the family. The family was also very happy. They thought that service to man is service to god. The helpful family went back to their home. The man lived a very happy and successful life. Whenever he remembered the family that had helped him to change, his heart filled with gratitude.

THE THREE BROTHERS8 - Subekshya Poudel

Once upon a time, there were three brothers named Robert, Alex and Peter. They had lost their parents when they were very small. So they lived with their uncle and aunt. The aunt was very cruel. She always scolded them.One day, the aunt kicked Robert, Alex and Peter out of the house. The three brothers were very helpless as there was no place for them to go. So the three brothers went to the river and jumped into it. The next morning a fisherman found them. He took them to his house and treated them with proper hospitality. Then the three brothers lived with the fisherman. He worked very hard and the boys would also help him. With the earned money, he managed to send the boys to school.Ten years passed. Robert, Alex and peter were grown - up. All of them were educated. They also got a nice job. And they all were settled. They also looked after the fisherman.One day while Alex was visiting the market, he saw his uncle and aunt begging for alms. Then he went to them and asked them to come with him. But the couple was ashamed of their acts so they denied. They asked for forgiveness and Alex forgave him. The other brothers also forgave them. Then they all lived happily ever after.Moral : Cruelty may be repaid with kindness.

MOTHER NATURE9 - Bhumika Magar

A boy named Alfie lived in the small town of Brighton. From a tender age, he was taught by his parents to love and respect every single creature. He got along really well with the nature. His fascination and interest towards Mother Nature grew every single day. He was there when the flowers blossomed, when the trees shed their leaves and when the birds sang their first song.His love for the nature was immortal. One day as he was passing by a forest to reach his school, admiring the beauty around him, he saw a woman cutting trees. This left him devastated. He was in shock. He never thought someone could do such a horrendous thing. He summoned his father about the matter. "Why are the people cutting trees?" he asked. His father explained to him that it was one of their needs but people were clearly over-exploiting it. He took upon his young mind to stop this act. He organized a campaign with the eco-club formed in his school to stop people from cutting trees. The young voices were heard by many and the act was eventually put to a stop. Now, Alfie is a grown man but his passion and dedication towards protecting the nature is the same. You can still find him playing in the forests of Brighton.Moral: Love Nature.

THE BOON10 - Pragya Khadgi

Once upon a time, in a city near the banks of river 'Ganga' lived a young and beautiful girl. She was not only pretty but was blessed with some supernatural power. Her curse and boon used to work on people. Like for example if she blessed someone with her wholeheart, the blessing used to come true and it used to be the same with the curse.One day while the young girl was returning from school, she saw a man begging under the tree. The girl felt very sad for the old man. She went to the old man and asked him, "Sir, ask me for a wish. I will grant it if I am capable of it." The man was shocked and he replied, "I want nothing my child just give me a handful of grains." The girl fulfilled the man's wish.When the beggar reached home with the handful of grains, the grains turned into gold coins. The beggar was extremely happy. He sold all the gold coins, and bought a new car, house, clothes and started living a comfortable life by starting a new business.But the man forgot about the young girl and all that she had done for him. One day when the young girl was walking on the road, she saw the beggar who was now a businessman. When the girl went to greet the man, he simply ignored her.The little girl was very hurt. She was so hurt that she took back her blessing. The next morning the man was seen sitting under the same tree, begging.Moral: Success should be dealt with care and humility.

9

— l;h{gfTds n]vg —eljiosf] of]hgf

sIff M $ – dlgif clwsf/L

xfdL Pp6f dfG5] xf}F . xfdLn] cfˆgf] eljiosf] of]hgf agfpg' w]/} dxTjk"0f{ x'G5 . olb xfdLn] eljiosf] of]hgf agfPgf}F eg] eljiodf b'Mv kfOG5 . xfdLn] eljosf] of]hgf agfpg'k5{ . eljiosf] of]hgf agfpg' ufx|f] x'G5 . To;}n] xfdLn] /fd|/L k9\g'k5{ . eljiodf of]hgf agfpg w]/} jif{ k9\g'k5{ . k9]/ /fd|f] sfd u/]kl5 aNn eljiosf] of]hgf /fd|f] x'G5 . /fd|f] of]hgf agfPkl5 eljiodf 7"nf] dfG5] aGg ;S5f}F . eljiosf] of]hgf agfpg' /fd|f] sfd xf] . d klg eljiosf] of]hgf /fd|f] agfpF5' . d eljiodf c;n dfG5] aGg rfxG5' .________________________________

lzIffsf] dxTjsIff M %— ;d[l4sf

bfxfnlzIff eg]sf] 1fg xf] . lzIffsf] dxTj 7"nf] x'G5 . lzIffn] g} ubf{ clxn] dflg;x¿ 8fS6/, OlGhlgo/, lzIfs, lzlIfsf cflb aGg ;s]sf 5g\ . lzIffn] g} ubf{ clxn]sf] ;dfhsf] ljsf; ePsf] 5 . xfdLn] ;a} dflg;x¿n] lzIff kfpg'k5{ . k9\g ghfGg] dflg;n] lzIff k|fKt u¥of] eg] pm Pslbg lzIff k|fKt ug{ ;kmn x'G5 . lzIff k|fKt ug{' h?/L 5 lsgeg] lzIffn] g}

cfdfsIff M ^ – lj1tf e§

gf} dlxgf;Dd k]6df af]s]/ slt b'Mv si6 ;x]/ hGd lbg] dxfg\ dflg; cfdf x'g\ / cfdf o:tL JolQm x'g\ pgn] xfdLnfO{ x'sf{pFl5g\, a9fpFl5g\ .

o; ;+;f/sf ;a} dflg; cfˆg} cfdfaf6 hlGdPsf x'G5g\ . cfdflagf of] ;+;f/ g} x'Fb}gYof] . ;a} cfdf cfˆgf ;Gtfgsf nflu dfof, k|]d x'G5g\ . cfdf o:tL JolQm x'g\ h;nfO{ xfdLn] u'dfPkl5 slxNo} kfOFb}g .

cfdf cfˆg} ;Gtfgsf] v';Ldf afFlR5g\ . x/kn cfˆg} ;Gtfgsf] x]/rfxdf x'lG5g\ . cfdf o:tL zlQm x'g\ h; lagf xfdL slxNo} v';L;Fu afFRg ;Sb}gf}F . cfdfnfO{ ljleGg gfdn] klg k'sfl/G5 . h:t} dftf, dfd', ddL, hggL cflb . cfdfsf] dfof, :g]x cd"No x'G5 .

cfdf cfˆg} ;Gtfgsf] lglDt cfˆgf] Hofg lbg ;d]t tof/ x'lG5g\ . cfdfsf] dfof xfdLnfO{ hGdb]lv d/0ffGt;Dd ofb x'G5 .

cfdf xfd|f] hLjgsf] nflu cd"No JolQm x'g\ / pgn] xfd|f] hLjgsf] nflu dxTjk"0f{ v]n v]lN5g\ . cfdfsf] k|]d, dfof, df]x, x]/rfx ;Dem]/ cfˆgL cfdfsf] dfg ;Ddfg u/f}F / cfdfnfO{ ;w}F v';L

g]kfnsf wfld{s :ynx¿sIff & – ljlgtf ofbj

xfd|f] b]z g]kfn Pp6f ;fgf] km"nsf] au}Frf h:tf] xf] . of] ;'Gb/ b]z g]kfndf ljleGg hft, hflt, wd{, efiff af]Ng] jf ljleGg e]ife"iffsf dflg;x¿ a;f]af; u5{g\ . xfd|f] b]z g]kfndf ljleGg wfld{s :ynx¿ 5g\ . xfd|f k"vf{n] agfP/ /fv]sf] wfld{s :ynx¿nfO{ xfdLn] ;kmf / ;+/If0f ug'{k5{ . oL wfld{s :ynx¿n] ubf{ g} g]kfndf w]/} ko{6x¿ cfpF5g\ . o;sf] sf/0fn] xfd|f] b]z g]kfn klg wgL x'g ;S5 . wfld{s:yn h:t} kz'kltgfy dlGb/, b/af/, 9'Ë]wf/f cflbsf] ;+/If0f ug'{ xfdL g]kfnLx¿sf] g} st{Jo xf] . clxn] e"sDksf] sf/0fn] xfd|f] b]zsf] w]/} wfld{s:ynx¿ gi6 ePsf 5g\ . wfld{s:yn nufot cGo k|fs[lts:yn klg gf; ePsf 5g\ . xfd|f wfld{s:yn km]/L lkmtf{ Nofpg xfdLn] ltgLx¿nfO{ km]l/ /fd|f];Fu, alnof];Fu agfpg'k5{ . wfld{s:ynsf sf/0fn] dfq g]kfn ljsf; ePsf] xf] . olb ToxfF -g]kfn_ wfld{s:ynx¿ lyPgg\ eg] xfd|f] b]z g]kfnn] aflx/ b]zsf] d'b|f kfpFb}gYof] . To;} nufot c¿ b]zsf] JolQmn] xfd|f] b]z xf]

10

xfdLnfO{ cufl8 a9fpF5 . w]/} h:tf] afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ lzIff lbg'k5{ . xfdL ;a}n] lzIffsf] dxTj a'‰g'k5{ . xfdLn] lzIff k|fKt ug{ w]/} k9\g' / ldx]gt ug'{k5{ . xfdLn] ul/a afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ klg lzIff lbg'k5{ . xfdLn] lzIff k|fKt u/gf}F eg], xfdL 7"nf] ePkl5 8fS6/, OlGhlgo/ cflb aGg ;Sb}gf}F . To;}n] xfdLn] ;fg}df lzIffsf] dxTj a'‰g'k5{ .

/fVg] k|of; u/f}F . eGg] klg yfxf kfpFb}gy] xf]nf . To;}n] xfdLn] xfd|f wfld{s:yn nufot ;a} :ynx¿sf] ;+/If0f ug'{k5{ . xfdLn] /fd|f–/fd|f s'/f x]g{ k¥of] eg] xfdL g]kfnLx¿ aflx/ hfG5f} t/ aflx/ uP/ k};f vr{ ug'{eGbf xfdLn] xfd|f] b]zsf] wfld{s:ynx¿sf] ljsf; ug'{k5{ . …wfld{s:ynx¿ klg g]kfnLsf] wg xf] .Ú

d]/f] ;Demg nfossf] lbg

sIff * – k|Llt kf}8\ofnr}q dlxgfsf] laxfgL lyof] . d laxfg ;a]/} p7]/ tof/ eO;s]sL lyFP . of] lbg d]/f] nflu ljz]if lyof] lsgeg] d ;of}F dflg;sf cufl8 cfˆgf s]xL ljrf/x¿ k|:t't ug{ nflu/x]sf] lyPF .

d tof/ eP/ ljBfno k'u]F . sfo{j|md ;'? x'g] a]nf eof] . d d~rdf uPF . cfˆgf] ljifo /f]h]F / To; ljifodf cfˆgf ljrf/ / efj k|:t't u/]F .

d]/f] nflu tfnL aHof] . ;of}F dflg;n] tfnL ahfP/ ;Ddfg ubf{ dnfO{ v';L nfUof] . d km]l/ d~rsf] k5fl8 cfPF . cfˆgf ;fyLx¿;Fu s'/f ug{ yfn]F . Ps}l5g kl5 d]/f] gfd d~raf6 af]nfOof] . d s] eP5 eGg] ;f]r]/ d~rlt/ uPF . d~rdf l5g{] lalQs} tfnLsf] a;f{t eof] . pb\3f]ifsHo"n] æawfO{ 5, tkfO{FnfO{ k|ltof]lutf lhTg'eof] eGg'eof]Æ d]/f] xftdf k'?:sf/ yDofOof] .

d clt v';L ePF . xftdf k'/:sf/ / ;ofF} dflg;sf] tfnL ;'g]/ d v';Ln] ub\ub\ ePF . o;/L ;f]Rb} g;f]r]sf] s'/fdf o:tf] ;kmntf kfpFbfsf] efj cs{} x'Fbf]/x]5 . ;of}F dflg;sf] cufl8 k'/:sf/ kfPsf] b]v]/ d]/f a'afcfdfsf] 5ftL rf}8f kfg{ ;s]F h:tf] nfUof] . To; a]nfb]lv d}n] x/]s sfd dg lbP/ v'a ldlxg]t u/L ug{] c7f]6 lnPF .

11

afnclwsf/ ;'lglZrt eljiosf] cfwf/sIff (– cf/h' tfdfª

afnaflnsfn] kfpg] clwsf/ g} afnclwsf/ xf], afnaflnsfsf] clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{' g} pgLx¿sf] eljiosf] cfwf/ xf] . afnsx¿g} eljiosf s0f{wf/x¿ x'g\ . kl5 xfdLx¿g} a9]/ o; b]zsf] ljsf; / ;+/If0f ug{] 5f}F . To; lx;fan] clxn] b]lvg} xfdL afnaflnsfx¿sf] hu alnof] agfOof] eg] xfdLn] o; b]znfO{ kl5 alnof] agfpg ;S5f}F .

afnclwsf/ eGgfn] afnaflnsfx¿n] kfpg] clwsf/ eGg] a'lemG5 . o; clwsf/df Ps aRrfn] k9\g, n]Vg, kf]if0ftTj vfg kfpg' h:tf s'/f k5{g\ . afnsx¿n] cfkm}Fn] o:tf xsclwsf/ k|fKt ug{ ;Sb}gg\ . To;}n] o;nfO{ k"/f ug{ lzIfs / cfdfa'afsf] st{Jo xf] .

dflg; h:tf] jftfj/0fdf x'S{of] pm kl5 uP/ To:t} x'G5 . olb xfdLnfO{ ;fg}b]lv gLlt–lgodsf] af/]df hfgsf/L u/fP/, ljBfnodf 1fg cfh{g u/]/ dfq b]zdf zfGt x'G5 . xfdL klg zflGt k|]dL x'G5f}F . o:t} åGådf x'ls{of}F eg] xfdL klg c1fgL x'G5f}F .

xfd|f] b]zdf sltko afnaflnsfx¿ u/LaL / clzIffsf] df/df k/]/ afnzf]if0fsf lzsf/ ePsf 5g\ . pgLx¿ cfˆgf] kl/jf/ wfGglt/ al9 ulDe/ 5g\ . cfˆgf] pd]/n] ;Sg] eGbf sof}F u'0ff ef/ p7fpF5g\ / cfˆgf] slnnf] hLjgnfO{ aaf{t u5{g\ .

olb s'g} afnsn] lzIff k|fKt u/]sf] 5 eg] pm :jtGq eP/ afFRg ;S5 . p;nfO{ To;sf] dxTj klg yfxf x'G5 . lzIff k|fKt u/]sf] dflg;n] ;dfhsf x/]s kIfdf ;f]r]/ sfd ug{ ;S5 . olb afnsflnsfx¿n] pTs[i6 lzIff k|fKt u/L lzlIft x'g] xs k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ eg] of] b]z ljsf;, ;'v / zflGtsf] af6f] nfUg]5 .

k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] Go"gLs/0fsIff !) – cf:yf df:s]

g]kfn k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{n] el/k"0f{ b]z xf] . oxfF y'k|} k|fs[lts ;Dkbfx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . k|fs[lts k|sf]k x'g glbg] j:t' k|fs[lts ;Dkbf g} xf] . hlt w]/} k|fs[lts ;Dkbf eof], Tolt g} sd k|fs[lts k|sf]k x'G5 .

k|fs[lts ;Dkbfn] g} k|fs[lts k|sf]k x'g glbg] xf] t/ clxn] dflg;x¿ lbgk|ltlbg hª\un kmF8fgL ub{} 5g\ , h;n] ubf{ sof}F hgfj/x¿sf] af; 5}g . lg/Gt/ ¿v sf6\gfn] jghª\un ljgfzn] ubf{ ljleGg k|sf]kx¿ x'G5g\ .

clxn] oxL sf/0fn] ubf{ e"sDk, af9Lklx/f] h:tf ;d:ofx¿ pTkGg eO/xsf] 5g\ . o;n] ubf{ g]kfnsf] y'k|} ljgfz ePsf] 5 . y'k|} 7fpFx¿ Ifltu|:t 5g\ .

o:tf ;d:ofn] km]l/ csf{] ;d:of pTkGg u/fpF5 h'g xf] ul/aL . ul/aLn] ubf{ g]kfnsf] cem klg b'Mv / ;d:of em]Ng'k5{ .

To;}n] xfdLn] o:tf ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg vf]Hg'k5{ . k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] Go"gLs/0f ug{tkm{ nfUg'k5{ . hËn kmF8fgL x'g lbg'x'Fb}g . hËn kmF8fgL ug{] jf ¿v la?jf sf6\g]nfO{ s8f ;hfo lbnfpg'k5{ . j[If/f]k0fx¿ h:tf sfo{j|md ;~rfng ug{'k5{ .

o;}u/L ;/;kmfO cleofg u/fpg'k5{ . clg ljleGg 7fpFx¿nfO{ k|b"if0f x'gaf6 arfpg'k5{ . o;/L hª\un kmF8fgL, k|b"if0f k|fs[lts ;Dkbf gi6 x'gaf6 arfof] eg] :jtM k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] Go"gLs/0f x'G5 . o;sf] nflu xfdLx¿ g} cufl8 a9\g'k5{ .

— syf /rgf —/fd|f] sfdn] x'g] kmfObf gk9\g'sf] kmn

12

sIff M $ – ljlkg l;+x wfdLPsfb]zdf Pp6f s]6L lyOg\ . pgsf] gfd ;Ltf lyof] . pgL w]/} /fd|L lyOg\ . pgL ;a}nfO{ ;xof]u uly{ . Pslbg p;sf] ;kgLdf k/L cfOg\ / k/Ln] pgnfO{ j/bfg lbOg\ . Pslbg pgsf] ljBfnodf sfo{j|md lyof] . p;n] gfrdf efu lnPsL lyOg\ . pgn] Psbd /fd|/L gflrg\ / k'/:sf/ lhltg\ . pgL w]/} v';L eOg\ . To; /ftdf klg k/L ;kgLdf cfOg\ / elgg\ d]/} j/bfgn] ubf{ ltdLn] k'/:sf/ lhTof} / d}n] ltdLnfO{ j/bfg lbP lsgeg] ltdL ;a}nfO{ ;xof]u u5f{}F .

sIff M % – ;[li6gf kf}8]nPsfb]zdf b'O{hgf lbbL / alxgL Pp6f 3/df a:y] . alxgLsf] gfd ;Ltf / lbbLsf] gfd uLtf lyof] . ;Ltf rflxF 1fgL lyOg\ . pgL cfˆgf] ;fdfg htg u/]/ /fVblyg\ . t/ uLtf rflxF 5'RrL / cfˆgf] ;fdfg klg htg ub{}g lyOg\ . ;Ltf k9fOdf klg /fd|L lyOg\ . pgnfO{ ;a}n] dg k/fpFy] t/ uLtf k9fOdf klg /fd|L lyOgg\ . lzIfsn] pgLx¿nfO{ k/LIff cfpg nfUof], To;}n] k9 eGg'eof] . ;Ltf ljBfnoaf6 kms]{/ k9\lyg\ . t/ uLtf rflxF v]lNyg\ . k/LIffdf ;Ltf kf; eOg t/ uLtf kf; eOgg\ .

…xfdLn] ldlxg]tsf;fy k9\g'k5{ .Ú

13

/d]zsf] Jojxf/df ;'wf/ – sIff M ^ – lj1tf e§

Psfb]zdf Pp6f ;fgf] ufpF lyof] . Tof] ufpF kxf8} kxf8n] 3]l/Psf] lyof] . k"j{af6 gbL aUYof] . ToxfF w]/} dflg;x¿sf] a;f]af; lyPg . To; ufpFdf Pp6f /d]z gfd u/]sf] dflg; a:Yof] . pm clt g} nf]eL / 5'Rrf] lyof] . t/ p;sf] 5f]/f eg] c;fWo} bofn' / 1fgL lyof] . p;nfO{ cfˆgf] afa'sf] Jojxf/ dg kb}{g lyof] . slt rf]6L ;DemfpFbf klg slxNo} l7s ePg .

Pslbgsf] s'/f xf] p;sf] v]tdf gl/jn kmn]sf] lyof] . p;sf] Pp6f 6fËf klg lyof] h;df p;n] cfˆgf] ;a} gl/jn / ;fdfg xfNof] . p;n] slxn] klg 3f]8fnfO{ /fd|f];Fu vfg lbFb}g lyof] . To;}eP/ 3f]8f lgs} b'AnfPsf] lyof] . pm ahf/ hfgsf] nflu tof/ eof] . p;sf] 5f]/fn] p;nfO{ ;DemfpFb} eGof], …a'af olt w]/} ;fdfg 6fËfdf gnfg', 3f]8f yfS5 .Ú /d]zn] c6]/ u¥of] . hfFbf–hfFb} af6f]df vf]nf cfof] . 3f]8f yfls;s]sf] lyof] . p;n] 3f]8fnfO{ kfgL klg vfg lbPg . 3f]8fn] l/;n] ;a} ;fdfgx¿ e'OFdf emfl/lbof] . Tof] gl/jn / ;fdfgx¿ u'8\b}u'8\b} kfgLdf em¥of] . /d]zn] lgs} a]/ nufP/ ;s] hlt l6Kof] t/ w]/} ;fdfgx¿ kfgLdf alu;s]sf] lyof] . /d]znfO{ aNn a'l4 cfof] / p;n] 3f]8fn] km]l/ l/;n] ;fdfg kmflnlbg ;S5 eGg] ;f]Rof] . To;kl5 p;n] 3f]8fnfO{ nf]e gu/L 6Gg kfgL v'jfP/ nUof] . clg slxn] nf]e gug]{ jfrf u¥of] .

k5'tf]sIff M & – ljlgtf ofbj

Psfb]zdf Pp6f ;fgf] ufpF lyof] . Tof] ufpFdf w]/} 7"nf] hª\un lyof] . Tof] hª\undf afFb/x¿sf] ;ª\Vof w]/} lyof] . Ps lbgsf] s'/f xf] . ;a} afFb/x¿n] dflg;sf] 3/af6 ;a} vfg]s'/f vfOlbGy] . of] sfd b]v]/ dflg;x¿nfO{ w]/} l/; p7\of] . t/ pgLx¿n] s]xL ug{ ;s]gg\ . Ps lbg dflg;x¿ ;d"xdf a;]/ 5nkmn ug{ yfn] . pgLx¿n] hª\unaf6 ;a} afFb/x¿nfO{ lgsfnL lbg] lg0f{o u/] . ef]lnkN6 ToxfF hª\undf klg afFb/x¿sf] 5nkmn x'Fb} lyof] . pgLx¿n] ca dflg;x¿nfO{ emg\ lbSs kfg]{ eg]/ 5nkmn ub{} /x]5g\ . csf]{ lbg dflg;x¿n] cfˆgf] 3/ aflx/ 7'nf] tfNrf nufP/ hª\untkm{ nfu] . ToxL a]nf afFb/x¿ klg dflg;x¿sf] 3/df vfg]s'/f

?v / /fdsf] syfsIff * – k'gd e08f/L

Psfb]zdf Pp6f ;fgf] ufpF lyof] . Tof] ufpFdf /fd gfd u/]sf] dflg; a:Yof] . pm p;sf] a'9L;Fu a:Yof] . / pgLx¿sf ;Gtfg lyPgg\ . /fd hlxn] klg 3/df cfuf] afNgsf nflu hª\un uP/ bfp/f NofpFYof] . Ps lbgsf] s'/f xf], p;n] hlxn] klg v;]sf] dfq bfp/f lnGYof] . To;}n] p;n] ?v sf6\g] ljrf/ u¥of] . p;n] ¿v sf6\bf ¿vaf6 …dnfO{ gsf6\g'xf];\ eg]/ /f]Psf] cfjfh cfpFYof] .Ú p;nfO{ dfof nfu]/ ¿v sf6]g . csf]{ lbg klg p;n] ¿v sf6\g]a]nf km]l/ To:t} cfjfh cfof] . p;n] To;lbg klg sf6\g g;s]/ km]l/ v;]sf xfFufsf bfp/f lnP/ 3/ uof] . p;sL >LdtLn] p;nfO{ w]/} s/fPkl5 p;n] ca csf]{ lbg h;/L ePklg ¿v sf6\5' eg]/ ;f]Rof] . csf]{lbg ¿v sf6\g hfFbf klg To:t} cfjfh cfof] . p;n] s] ug]

14

vfg cfPsf lyP . dflg;x¿n] hª\undf sf]xL gb]v]kl5 kSs} pgLx¿ xfd|f] 3/ k'u] eGg] ;f]r] . afFb/x¿n] dflg;sf 3/x¿ eTsfpg yfn] . ef]lnkN6 afFb/x¿ aflx/ hfFbf dflg;x¿n] klg ;a} ¿vx¿nfO{ sfl6lbP . pgLx¿n] ;a} ¿vdf cfuf] nufOlbP . pgLx¿n] s'g} af]6la¿jf nufot s'g} klg ¿v 5f8]gg\ . ha afFb/x¿ lkmtf{ cfP pgLx¿n] Tof] b]v]/ w]/} b'MvL eP . w]/} lbgkl5 ToxfFsf dflg;x¿nfO{ klg a:g w]/} ufx|f] eof] . pgLx¿n] g /fd|f] xfjf kfP g vfgsf nflu s]xL vfg]s'/f kfP . pgLx¿n] 3/ agfpgsf nflu bfp/f klg kfPgg\ . ha ls klxn] bfp/f kmfnfkmfn lyP . To;kl5 dflg;x¿nfO{ w]/} k5'tf] eof] . pgLx¿n] km]l/ Ps 3/n] b;j6f af]6 lj?jf /f]Kg ;'? u/] . w]/} lbgkl5 ToxfF km]/L xl/ofnL eof] / ;a} 3/ kl/jf/ v';L;Fu a;f]af; ug{ yfn] . o;sf/0f xfdLn] s'g} sfd ug'{eGbf cufl8 ;f]Rg'k5{ eGg] of] syfaf6 yfxf kfpF5f} .

{ eg]/ ;f]Rof] / e'OFdf a;]/ eujfg\nfO{ k|fygf u¥of] . p;n] k|fygf u/]kl5 eujfg k|zGg eP/ cfpg'eof] . eujfg\n] …To;lbgb]lv ¿vx¿nfO{ af]Ng g;Sg] agfOlbg'eof] . To;lbgb]lv ¿vx¿ slxNo} klg af]Ng ;s]gg\ t/ xfdL s'g} klg hª\undf hfFbf ¿vx¿n] ;':s]/f xfn]sf] h:t} cfjfh ;'G5f}F .

k|]/0ff M k|s[ltsf] ljgf; ug{' x'Fb}g .

15

/fx'nsf] glthfsIff ( – e"ldsf du/

Psfb]zdf b'O{hgf /fd / /df gfdsf dflg;x¿ lyP . pgLx¿sf] /fx'n gfd u/]sf] Pp6f 5f]/f] lyof] . PSnf] ;Gtfg ePsf] sf/0f /fx'n cToGt} k'nk'lnPsf] lyof] . Psrf]l6 /fx'nsf] k/LIffdf k|yfd :yfg cfP5 . ;Dk"0f{ kl/jf/ p;sf] glthf x]/]/ bª\u k/]5g\ . pgLx¿ /fx'nsf] cª\saf6 clt g} v';L lyP . lj:tf/} pgLx¿df wfs b]vfpg] afgL kg{ yfNof] . ;a}hgfnfO{ pgLx¿ glthf ;'gfpFb} lxF8\b} uy]{ . cfˆgf] sfof{nosf] ;fyLx¿ ;d]tnfO{ /fdn] wfs b]vfpg yfn]5 . To;f], x'Fbf To; kl/jf/sf c? dflg;x¿;Fu emu8f a9\g yfn]5 . Pslbg /fx'nsf] ;fyL l;ld|sn] p;nfO{ ;Demfpg] ljrf/ u/]5 . wfs b]vfpg] afgL /fd|f] xf]Og eg]/ ;DemfO a'emfO u/]5 . /fx'nn] klg cfˆgf] uNtL :jLsf/ u/L cfdfafa'nfO{ klg ;DemfP5 . To; 36gfaf6 pgLx¿n] lzIff lnP / Tof] ;Dem]/ clxn];Dd klg nlHht 5g\ t/ pgLx¿n] kf7 l;ls;s]sf 5g\ / pgLx¿sf] lhGbuL ;'dw'/ ¿kdf rln/x]sf] 5 . k|]/0ffM xfdLn] wfs b]vfpg] afgL /fVg' x'Fb}g .

/fd, Zofd / /df sIff !) – k|ltIff 9sfn

Psfb]zdf tLg hgf w]/} ldNg] ;fyLx¿ a:y] . pgLx¿ cf–cfˆgf kl/jf/;Fu ToxL ;fgf] ufpFdf a:y] . /df, Zofd / /fd Ps cfk;df ;fx|} ldNg] ;fyLx¿ lyP . pgLx¿nfO{ k9\g, v]Ng Pscsf{;Fu a:g w]/} /dfOnf] nfUYof] . pgLx¿ ;a}sf cf–cfˆg} ;kgfx¿ lyP . Zofd / /fdn] Pslbg /dfnfO{ gaf]nfOsg v]Ng uPsf] s'/f yfxfkfP/ /df ;fx|} b'MvL eO{ . oxL sf/0fn] /fd, Zofd / xl/aLr emu8f eof] / Tof] s'/fn] pgLx¿ Pscsf{;Fu 6f9f eP ./fdnfO{ 8fS6/ aGg dg nfu]sf] lyof] . Zofd Ps clkm;/ aGg rfxGy] . /df Ps ufos aGg rfxGyLg\ . xl/ / Zofd b'j} ljb]zlt/ uP / /dfklg s]xL ;dokl5 ldlxg]t u/]/ ljb]z uO{ Pp6f ufos aGg k'uLg\ .tLg ldNg] ;fyLx¿ Ps csf{;Fu af]n]gg\ t/ kl5 pgLx¿ 7"nf] ePkl5;Fu} ufpFdf e]6eof] . TotL ;fgf] s'/fdf emu8f k/]sf] eGb} Ps csf{;Fu xft ldnfO{ /dfpg yfn] . Pp6f 8fS6/, clkm;/ / ufos ldn]/ ufpFel/ ;a}nfO{ cfˆgf] d]nldnfk b]vfP/ rlst agfOlbP . k|]/0ff M cfˆgf] nIodf lxF8]sf dflg;nfO{ ;fgf] ltgf] dg d'6fjn] s]xL c;/ ub{}g .

— dgf]jfb —;dfhdf lzIffsf] dxTj

sIff ( – cf/h' tfdfª;doM a]n'sL !) ah] :yfg M k9\g] sf]7f kfqM /l;sf -/l;sf d]rdf a;]/ k9\b} 5] . pm cfh s'g} sf/0fn] k9\g ;s]ls 5}g ._-h'?Ss} p7\b}_ x}g . cfh s] o:tf] crDd eof] . hlt k|oTg u/]klg d t k9fOdf Wofg g} lbg ;ls/x]sL 5}g . s] xf] o:tf] . -nfdf] Zjf; 5f]8\b}_ cfhsf] Tof] 36gf ;Dem]/ k9\g} ;lSbg . -km]l/ d]rdf a:b}_ ljr/f Tof] lrof a]Rg] cÍn Û cª\u|]hLdf c8{/ lng cfPg eGb} tL ab\df; s]6fx¿n] s:tf] xfF;f] p8fOlbP . pgL klg s]xL af]Ng ;s]gg\ . s:tf] ljjztf xf]nf . -ca vf6df kN6b}F_ t/ o; 36gfn] d]/f] cfFvf

16

vNaNofOlbof] . cflv/df olb tL cª\snn] k9]sf eP Tolt ckdfg ;x]/ a:g t kb{}g lyof] . clxn]sf] ;dodf t lzIff geP s]xL klg 5}g h:t} x'Fbf] x/]5 . -nfdf] Zjf; km]b{}_ ca x'Fbf–x'Fbf lrof k;n /fVg klg cª\u|]hL rflxof] /] . lzlIft ePkl5 rflxF ;a}n] ;Ddfg u/]/ ;dfhdf /fd|f] 5lj x'Fbf] /x]5 . ca ToxL kNnf] 3/sf] 8fS6/nfO{ x]/ t s:tf] ;Ddfg u5{g\, ;a}n] pgsf] ts{nfO{ slQ dxTj lbOG5 . -vf6af6 p7\b}_ ePg ca t d klg k9\5' . dnfO{ klg OHht / gfd sdfpg' 5 . ;w}F clN5 u/]/ sxfF x'G5 < ca !! ah] ;Dd k9]/ ;'T5' . lj1fgsf] t cfh ;a} a'emf]/ g}

5f]8\5' . -pm k9\g yfN5]_kl/0ffd

sIff !) – >]of kf}8\ofn:yfg M cfˆg} sf]7fdf ;doM /flt !) ah] kfqM >]of kf}8\ofn->]ofn] ;'Tgsf nflu aQL lgefO;lsg\ t/ pgnfO{ lgb|f nflu/x]sf] 5}g ._cfxfÛ ef]ln t bfh'sf] k|j]]lzsf k/LIffsf] kl/0ffd kf] lg:sg] eP 5 t Û s:tf] cfpg] xf] s'lGg < bfh'n] /fd|f] cÍ Nofpg' x'g] xf] ls xf]Og Û k|yd eP/ 5fqj[lQ kfpg' eof] eg] t ;fx|} v';L x'g'x'GYof] xf]nf . pxfFsf] t ;fg}b]lv /fd|} lyof] k9fO t .-bfh'sf] dgsf] s'/f cyf{t\ pxfFn] ;f]lr/fVg' ePsf] s'/f ljrf/ ug{ pxfFsf] sf]7ftkm{ uP/ km]l/ kms{]/ cfpF5] ._ghfpFm xf]nf . km]l/ ;'TgnfO{ cK7\of/f] kf] x'g] xf] Û ca pxfFn] 5fqj[lQ xfl;n ug{'ePg eg] klg s] x'G5 t < csf{] k6s /fd|f] cª\s Nofpg klg t ;Sg' x'G5 lg . a'afcfdfn] k};f ltg{ ;Sg'x'G5 .-vf6af6 p7]/ kfgL lkP/ cfpF5] / k]ml/ ;'T5] ._d klg s]s] ;f]Rg yfln;s]5' . gfd g} lgl:sPg eg] rflxF s] ug{' xf]nf < wt\ Û o:tf] x'g} ;Sb}g gfd lgl:sG5, kSsf lg:sG5 .

-;f]Rbf ;f]Rb} kQ} gkfO lgbfpF5] ._SPELLING & QUIZ COMPETITION

Competitions help the students to discover their talents and build up their confidence. Galaxians get ample opportunities to participate in different competitions every term. Spelling and quiz are two such competitions. Through spelling contests students are able to improve their language and on the other hand, quiz competitions help them to broaden their knowledge. Unlike other competitions which are held once in an academic year, spelling and quiz competitions are conducted in five phases. As such they are conducted every term. The first phase of spelling competition was held on 27 th Asadh and quiz competition was held on 30th

Asadh. Given below is the list of winners in the first phase.SPELLING—

SN Class 10 Class 9 Class 8 Class 7 Class 6123456789101112131415161718

Yojana GautamAstha MaskeyAlbina BaidyaKeyur DhunganaIbesh ShresthaOscar ShresthaSimran GurungSimran RegmiKilisha ShahShreyan LamaSulav BhandariSonu RayPrashan TiwariAnish BhetwalYogendra BasnetJasmine NeupanePragya KhadgiPalas ThapaSmarika GiriPritha Mallick

Garima ShresthaSabhyata ShresthaShahin ShresthaNikki PoudelShiksha KandelYurika SherpaKussum SubediDrishya RaiSimran PrajapatiShyam MandalAakash PoudelSabik Nath ShresthaShashwot KarkiAlic ShresthaNishant ShahiSrijan BhattaRoshan KhatriSamip ThapaKohinoor PrasaiManish Yadav

Shiksha SingPrashiksha DhunganaShreayeska SuwalPunam KatuwalRubisha ShresthaBijaya DhungelTisha PrajapatiShilasha JonchenPrakriti PhuyalMaria SunamAditi ChalisaAditi KharelNishmita PoudelRoshni ParajuliSumina TamangAnuska KhadgiSweekriti LamaPrabina TiwariShraddha KaranjitPrashiddhi Basnet

Shreela GurungSadichha PanthiBismita KunwarAnusha PathakShristi SarafErika GhimireManju MagarKohinoor ShresthaKelrica LamaRiwaz ShresthaUmanga UpretiSashant KCJuly ChapagainRiti JonchhenPrinsa BhattaraiBijen RaiSakriya MaharjanNirvik KarkiShreeja Pari PradhanKaran Karki

Bigyata BhattaSmriti AgarwalSwikriti SubbaArnav DarnalPiyush RauniyarAnushka KarnaBijin ThapaParikshit Raj JhaPrasanna D. BasnetBaibhav ShresthaRohan LekhakSakshyam PandeyKhushi SawarthiaShikshya ShresthaShreeya ShresthaChristopher PaudelAayesha ParajuliPuja GandhariHarshika KundaliyaNandini Gupta

17

192021222324252627282930313233343536373839404142434445464748

Prijama KCSahil LodhaUjwol DahalKrish ManandharAnsul PrajapatiSodip ThapaAayush AdhikariRegan BhandariSweekrit AacharyaShashank ShrivastavaJessica BasnetNoopur AryalRachana DulalIsha DangiShreya PoudelSadikshya GhimireNasib KhulalPrajun LungeliPranjal KandelSananda ShrivastavSubekshya ShresthaSudikshya SharmaHarshit KundaliyaHrishesh DhunganaSumit KhanalAayush KarnaNaman NawalRajiv Sunar

Bibas DhakalMukesh tiwariArpan PanditSomya SinghShubha KhadgiSanskrit ChaulagainPooja BhasyalPawana ShresthaOjaswi UpretiBhumika MagarGreeti DahalSimrik ShresthaSimran AcharyaAbhisek RaimajhiYudeesh GautamSalin RaiShatwika AryalSmarika DangolDikshya DangolMission DanalRohan BarailySamrat AdhikariShivam KhadkaNishita KhadkaUrvashi GorashineeDipesh MudbariAngus PyakurelRajal Jaishi

Pratistha AryalLakshya JalanSanjog KCAshim NiraulaPranjal ChaliseAnwesh RaiAshim SheresthaBhupesh BasnetAwish RegmiHriden ShresthaAngphuri SherpaUtsav ShakyaSworup DahalSanskriti PandeyAashiyana SharmaHimas SunuwarPriyasha KandelBriksha SharmaSubekshya PoudelArunima CheetriArushi SubediBiswajit SunwarPrisha JoshiAnushreeya KapaliShweta PandeySujit DangolSparsh ShresthaOjaswi Sapkota

Ashma BhattaPrajakta RawalSama UpretyHridaya ShahSaniya JainKusum LamaPerina TamangTirsana SapkotaSneha AryalDikshya MudvariShreeyashi PudasainiStuti KafleSonam DolkerRayjendra ShresthaUpen ParajuliAdarsh RaiGirwan PoudyalAbhishek LamichhaneSarjak NeupaneAromox ShresthaSmritee RegmiMitsuki ShresthaAditya AgrawalAayundra ShresthaPrayatna PokharelRitesh DevShreejan RajbhandariSumin Bajgain

Neetigya BharatiAnjila BhandariBiva Maharjan Debansi SinghAaditya Raj Bishesh Bhattarai Ritik Raj Prashant Tiwari Rohit Bhandari Sanjay PoudelRupika UpretySakshi KarmacharyaSalina NeupanePrashun JhaSauharda AryalSupreme KarkiAnshuk Maharjan Mayank Acharya Sarthak Kharel Katrina BaidyaSushmita ShankarSandhya Adhikari Aayam RegmiReenuj ManandharSarvesh GautamNirajan Thapa Aayush Timalsina Ayush Bam

18

SN Class 5 Class 4 Class 3 Class 2 Class 1123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930313233343536

Alvin YadavPrayash KanelShubhank SrivastavaPranav SharmaPrashraya DhakalPrajwol RawalAnish AtreyaBrabim AdhikariTashi GurungAbinna SapkotaNairitya SatyalSangam KCAnjali BhandariShreya MaharjanVaishnavi ShahSamridhika DahalPabina ShresthaAgya MishraAsmita MahatoSimran ChaulagaiDipti AdhikariSristina PoudelBhawana LamaAyesha UpretyUibha RaoSneha GuptaPrastuti AcharyaAnubhav PradhanAshim KhadgiAdarsha M. S. BasnetAdhiraj MaharjanNamaraj KarkiSurendra BhujelSubhanjan ShahTanish AgrawalPranish Mishra

Ichya KandelSamriddhi ShresthaDilasha NiraulaRaghab BasnetSakshyam KarkiPancham RanaBikram CenturyBipin Singh DhamiAnshuk ShresthaShine AmagainBipasana ShresthaJiya MandanSwarna RauniyarSridhika BhandariShreeviriddhi PanditJenish NeupaneAashish RisalAman MushtafaAayushka PudasainiGrishma AdhikariSubheksha JainRahul GuptaDiwas SubediBinaya KattelMeri Dolma PakhrinKaruna RautNirjala KhadkaDipsun KaflePrajwol BhjandariAditya RauniyarSwarna RauniyarShridhika BhandariShree Vriddhi PanditAyush JoshiAnikaesh TaterAnushka Shrestha

Rishab JhaAnush SaxenaAakash BhattaraiMoliska GhaleAgaman GiriAditya GautamNodan PoudelSumika SahiSanindhya AryalSrishty BhandariChanchal ShahArya PalanchokiKritika PoudelTarjan RanaSamrat ShresthaArgee RanaNibodh ShresthaSunit Km. SainiAshika SahiPrachi BansyalPradyot AdhikariISha SundasSwastika JoncheNischal ShresthaSrijal PrasaiSohail KhanAdhishree LamichaneRashesh NeupaneKawya PradhanAmulya RaiAishwarya GuptaOrgen TamangSpophiya PhuyalSujal KarmacharyaShreeya PoudelAstha Poudel

Sisrikshya DulalShreni AryalRanee RisalYojan BhattaraiRojesh KCSandeep S. DhangiSudixya ShresthaAron ThapaSreeju BaralShraddha GautamLizal KCSamool KhadkaNilisha ChoudharySri Dewansh GoenkaPrajon KansakarKushal DahalSakar ShresthaKritarth PrajapatiPrashams PoudelSarah KhadgiPritam KatuwalSwikriti PahariDipesh guptaPracheeta KCLakchit KhaniyaSimon BogatiPrabanda gurungMahip PandeySuyog ShresthaAgraj KatuwalRussel DahalShlok KhannalBuddha Hang RaiAbhishek DhakalShikhar GurungSakchyam Shrestha

Preciosa PandeyAvinash Deo BhattaMaulik DangolTanuj Km. DasSaujan ShresthaWhispa GurungSangham KandelUdita SrivastavBidhan PanditNimesh PandeySiddharth Sagar BamWanchuk SherpaDikshya BistaSneha ThapaliyaSamikshya ShresthaSamridhi ChapagainSamridha YonjanTanishq R. PrajapatiKundali SilwalPranish SapkotaAryan J. ThapaOmkar MishraSaurav Raj YadavKusum GajmerGrishma ThapaliyaSwapnil GhimireAroj BasnetNabin LamsalMabroz TimilsinhaAlka PradhanUtkarsha BasnetLakshadeep ShresthaAnshu RaiKritagya PoudelShivam KhadkaTanishq Prajapati

Class UKG Class LKG/Nersery123456789101112131415161718192021222324

Abhinav YadavAryan SubediBaibhav Narayan ShahNiraj YadavPranav KhadgiRanish TandukarShashank KarnaShreeyansh DahalShuvam BasnetSoyuj Lal ShresthaSudhir ShahSwikrit RijalSwornim ThapaliyaYogya RaiYubaraj BhattaraiArya BaralAshma DevkotaChahat MarwadiEsme TamangFransisca RijalLorissa SharmaNiharika AgrawalPrasanna KanelRagini Mandal

Anup KarkiBinamra ChoudharyDibyan GautamHarshit MarwariKunal KishoreChirayu GurungAarohee BasnetBungwama RaiNeha SharmaPrashamsa MaharjanSaunigya PathakShaaya RanaBihan KCBivatshu Dev PandeyHeman Raj PandeyPranab GajurelSoyam NiraulaUtsab KafleAnwesha ThapaBaishnavi L. MagarBinita PahariPrachi ChettriAnuja ChoudharyAnkit Chaulagain

19

QUIZ—SN Class 10 Class 9 Class 8 Class 7 Class 61234567891011121314151617181920212223242526272829303132

Reka RegmiJessica BasnetYojana GautamAastha MaskeyAnish BhetuwalHrishesh DhunganaRajiv SunwarSulav ShahPrashant TiwariAayush AdhikariStuti BasnetRiju BaralAavas BasnetUjjen ShakyaRegan BhandariShashank SriwastavAayush KarnaYogendra BasnetSodip ThapaPrabin ThapaIshika PaudelNoopur AryalNaman NawalKaustuv ShresthaSushant ShresthaShreyan LamaAnmol KharelSijan ShresthaSubashis ShahKeyur DhunganaNasib KhulalOscar Shrestha

Saumya SinghSamip B. ThapaHimanshu KCRajin ThapaAnkur MahatoAngus PyakurelSahina ShresthaDina RaiMukesh TiwariArpan PanditRajal JaisiAnshu NiraulaSabhyata ShresthaEshita KarkiHarisharan subediRohit LekhakRoshan KhatriAbishekh RayamajhiShatwika AryalDikshya DangolYudeesh GautamAnkit NeupaneDeep ShrmaMohammad AftabMission DahalSarthak SilwalSamrat ShresthaShivam KhadkaUrbashi GurashiniSivan Lama GurungSangam KCDeepesh Mudvari

Lakshya JalanPranesh ShresthaKaran BansalAshisn Raj AdhikariPrithivi Raj PandeySameer BhattraiMaria SunamAnushka BhujuAman ShresthaNirpesh DhunganaPrapti PaneruShweta PandeyHriden ShresthaSparsh ShresthaSalina DangolPuja CenturyPrasanna PoudelOjaswi SapkotaKhushi GoyalRakshya AryalUtsav ShakyaDarshan PoudelArunima ChettriArushi SubediKusum LamaKrispi JaiswalAnukul SubediYojan GautamPranjal ChaliseAshim ShresthaBishwojit BasnetDurga Shrestha

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Class LKG/NerseryAnup Karki Binamra Choudhary Chirayu Gurung Harshit Marwari Raayan rauniyarAarohee Basnet Bungwama Rai Neha Sharma Pahal Agrawal Prashamsa MaharjanSaunigya Pathak Shaaya Rana Bihan KC Bivatshu D.Pandey Heman Raj PandeyPranab Gajurel Soyam Niraula Utsab Kafle Anuja Choudhary Anwesha ThapaBaishnavi L. Magar Binita Pahari Prachi Chettri Ng Yan Ting

A PROJECT ON THE LIFE CYCLE OF MOSQUITO20

Objective:To study the life cycle of mosquitoes.

Apparatus and materials required:Specimens of different stages of life of mosquito, compound microscope.

Theory:Mosquitoes are small harmful insects, found everywhere, especially in damp, dark places. They breed in stagnant water. Eggs develop into larvae, larvae into pupa, and pupa develop into an adult. The different stages are clearly distinguishable.

Observation:Eggs:Collect eggs from stagnant water bodies such as the nearby drain or ditch, and keep them in a wide-mouthed bottle containing some water. Take the eggs by means of a dropper and put them on the glass slide and examine under the compound microscope.Eggs are laid by the female mosquito in the night in stagnant water. Eggs are slightly brown and extremely small. But on taking a closer look they can be identified as rafts composed of cigar-shaped bodies glued together, or free boat-shaped bodies. Cigar-shaped eggs belong to Culex and boat-shaped ones belong to Anopheles. At a time, Culex lays up to 300 eggs, and Anopheles, 100 eggs. Eggs float on the surface of the water.Examine the sample and note the shape and size of the eggs.After 2-3 days, you will notice that these eggs are ruptured, and from each one of them an elongated creature emerges. This is called larva.

Larvae:Larvae are elongated, hairy, segmented creatures that move about and feed upon algae growing in water. They swim (wriggle) in a characteristic jerking manner and hence they are also called wrigglers.The anterior part of the body has somewhat indistinct head equipped with mouth parts, compound eyes, and antennae. The body is divided into ten segments. Each segment has a few bristles, or hairs. The posterior part of the larva bears gills, respiratory siphons, and the comb.Examine the larvae under the compound microscope to observe the movement of the jaws and the body. You can count the number of segments in the body and observe gills and siphons located at the posterior end.If you see the water surface of the cylinder or the curtained in which the larvae are kept, you will find larvae hanging by the air-water interface. The posterior part of the larva is always in contact with the meniscus, as respiratory siphons have to draw atmospheric air for respiration.The gills remain submerged in water to draw dissolved oxygen of water. The larva of Anopheles lies parallel to the water surface. The head of the larva of Culex hangs downward at an angle.Larval life lasts for two weeks during which it casts its skin four times. After that the larva is transformed into another form called pupa. 

Pupa:Pupal life is sluggish. There is no feeding, no movement except for occasional tumbling in water. That is why a pupa is called a tumbler. The head of the pupa is large, formed by the fusion of the head and thorax. Therefore, it is called cephalothorax, which bears on its dorsal surface two respiratory trumpets. Legs and wings, which are in the early stages of formation, lie on the ventrolateral surfaces. The pupal life lasts for a week. Adult:At the end of pupal life, the skin (cuticle) of the pupa splits along mid-dorsal line, making it easy to come out. The wings of the newly emerged adult are dried and spread out, and it flies off to lead an aerial life.

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