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History GCSE Paper 3: Topic 4
Weimar & Nazi Germany 1918–39 Revision Booklet
ObjectivesBronze: To describe what happened to the Indians and the White people over the time period. Try and tell the story. (Grades 1-4)
Silver: To identify problems that occurred between the Indians and the White people over the time period. Explain why the problems occurred and what they resulted in. (Grades 5-6)
Gold: To identify the significance of events and what their long and short term impacts were. How did events influence American Government policy? (Grades 7-9)
Your name: ……………………………………………………………………………………You target grade: ………………………………………………………………………
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THIS REVISION BOOKLET IS VERY SIMPLE. IT IS DESIGNED TO HELP YOU UNDERSTAND THE SIMPLE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN
EVENTS. YOU WILL NEED TO DEVELOP THIS FURTHER WITH MORE DETAILS NOTES IN ORDER TO PASS.
What is in this guide?
Topic revision list: what do you need to know? ... page xxA simple story of what happened … page xxKey events from the revision list … page xxChallenge knowledge questions … page xxPractice questions ... page xx
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TOPIC 4 REVISION LIST: WHAT DO YOU NEED TO KNOW?
Key topic 1: The Weimar Republic 1918–29
The origins of the Republic, 1918–19 The legacy of the First World War.
o The abdication of the Kaisero the armistice and revolution, 1918–19
The setting up of the Weimar Republic. o The strengths and weaknesses of the new Constitution
The early challenges to the Weimar Republic, 1919–23 Reasons for the early unpopularity of the Republic
o the ‘stab in the back’ theory o the key terms of the Treaty of Versailles
Challenges to the Republic from Left and Righto Spartacistso Freikorpso the Kapp Putsch
The challenges of 1923o Hyperinflationo the reasons for the French occupation of the Ruhro the effects of the French occupation of the Ruhr
The recovery of the Republic, 1924–29 Reasons for economic recovery
o the work of Stresemanno the Rentenmarko the Dawes and Young Plans o American loans and investment
The impact on domestic policies of Stresemann’s achievements abroad
o the Locarno Pacto joining the League of Nations o the Kellogg-Briand Pact
Changes in society, 1924–29 Changes in the standard of living
o Wageso Housingo unemployment insurance
Changes in the position of women in o Worko politics o leisure
Cultural changeso developments in architectureo developments in art
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o developments in the cinema
Key topic 2: Hitler’s rise to power, 1919–33
Early development of the Nazi Party, 1920–22 Hitler’s early career
o joining the German Workers’ Party o setting up the Nazi Party, 1919–20
The early growth and features of the Partyo The Twenty-Five Point Programmeo The role of the SA
The Munich Putsch and the lean years, 1923–29 The Munich Putsch.
o Reasons foro Eventso Consequences
Reasons for limited support for the Nazi Party, 1924–28. o Party reorganisation o Mein Kampfo The Bamberg Conference of 1926
The growth in support for the Nazis, 1929–32 The growth of unemployment – its causes and impact.
o The failure of successive Weimar governments to deal with unemployment from 1929 to January 1933.
o The growth of support for the Communist Party. Reasons for the growth in support for the Nazi Party
o the appeal of Hitler and the Naziso the effects of propaganda o the work of the SA
How Hitler became Chancellor, 1932–33 Political developments in 1932
o The roles of Hindenburg Brüning von Papen von Schleicher
The part played by Hindenburg and von Papen in Hitler becoming Chancellor in 1933
Key topic 3: Nazi control and dictatorship, 1933–39
The creation of a dictatorship, 1933–34 The Reichstag Fire
o The Enabling Act o the banning of other parties and trade unions
The threat from Röhm and the SAo the Night of the Long Knives
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o the death of von Hindenburgo Hitler becomes Führero the army and oath of allegiance
The police state The role of
o the Gestapoo the SSo the SD o concentration camps
Nazi control of the legal systemo judges o law courts
Nazi policies towards the Catholic and Protestant Churcheso the Reich Church o the Concordat
Controlling and influencing attitudes Goebbels and the Ministry of Propaganda
o Censorshipo Nazi use of mediao rallies and sport, including the Berlin Olympics of 1936
Nazi control of culture and the artso Arto Architectureo literature o film
Opposition, resistance and conformity The extent of support for the Nazi regime Opposition from the Churches
o the role of Pastor Niemöller Opposition from the young
o the Swing Youth o the Edelweiss Pirates
Key topic 4: Life in Nazi Germany, 1933–39
Nazi policies towards women Nazi views on women and the family Nazi policies towards women
o marriage o familyo employment o appearance
Nazi policies towards the young Nazi aims and policies towards the young
o The Hitler Youth o The League of German Maidens
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Nazi control of the young through educationo the curriculum o teachers
Employment and living standards Nazi policies to reduce unemployment
o The labour service o autobahnso rearmament o invisible unemployment
Changes in the standard of living, especially of German workers. o The Labour Fronto Strength Through Joyo Beauty of Labour
The persecution of minorities Nazi racial beliefs and policies and the treatment of minorities
o Slavso ‘gypsies’o homosexuals o those with disabilities
The persecution of the o the boycott of Jewish shops and businesses (1933)o the Nuremberg Laws o Kristallnacht
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A SIMPLE STORY OF WHAT HAPPENEDxxxx.
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KEY EVENTS FROM THE REVISION LIST
Event Description
Kaiser Wilhelm II
The armistice
The Weimar Constitution
The ‘stab in the back’ theory
Spartacists
Freikorps
The Kapp Putsch
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Event Description
Hyperinflation
Stresemann
The Rentenmark
The Dawes Plan
The Young Plan
The Locarno Pact
The League of Nations
The Kellogg-Briand Pact
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Event Description
The Twenty-Five Point Programme
The SA
The Munich Putsch
Mein Kampf
The Bamberg Conference, 1926
The Wall Street Crash, 1929
Hindenburg
Von Papen
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Event Description
The Reichstag Fire
The Enabling Act
The Night of the Long Knives
The Gestapo
The SS
The SD
Concentration camps
The Reich Church
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Event Description
The Concordat
Goebbels
Propaganda
Censorship
Pastor Niemöller
The Swing Youth
The Edelweiss Pirates
The Hitler Youth
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Event Description
The League of German Maidens
The labour service
The Labour Front
Strength Through Joy
Beauty of Labour
The Nuremberg Laws
Kristallnacht
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CHALLENGE KNOWLEDGE QUESTIONS
No Question Answer
1Who was the first president of the Weimar Republic?
2 Which political party did he belong to?
3 Who replaced him as president in 1925?
4Who was the minister who dominated Weimar economic and foreign policy from 1923?
5 In what year did he die?
6The Reichstag was one house of the Weimar parliament. What was the other?
7What was the minimum age for voting under the Weimar Constitution?
8What was the title of the Weimar equivalent of the British prime minister?
9 What was Article 48 of the Weimar constitution?
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No Question Answer
10What were the initials of the seven main political parties in the Weimar Republic?
11What was the full (English) name of the DAP?
12What was the full (English) name of the NSDAP?
13 What was Der Stürmer?
14 What was Hitler’s Stosstrupp?
15What is the meaning of the word Putsch in Munich Putsch?
16Who was elected as the German president in 1925?
17Who was the German Chancellor from 1930 to 1932?
18Who was the German Chancellor from May to November 1932?
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No Question Answer
19Who became the German Chancellor in December 1932?
20Who became the German Chancellor in January 1933?
21 When was the Reichstag Fire?
22 When was the Enabling Act?
23 When was the Night of the Long Knives?
24 Who was Hitler’s head of the SS?
25Name the Nazi leader who was put in charge of the SD and the Gestapo.
26 Who was Hitler’s Minister of Propaganda?
27 What was the Nazi policy of Gleichschaltung?
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No Question Answer
28
Who was the U-boat commander, and later a Protestant pastor, who became a key critic of Nazi religious policies?
29
What was the name of the youth group which set up in opposition to the Hitler Youth and which used a white flower as its emblem?
30
What was the name given to the youth movement of young Germans who met to listen and dance to American big band music?
31What laws did the Nazis introduce to encourage marriage, motherhood and childbirth?
32What Nazi youth groups were there for young German girls and boys?
33 What does KdF stand for?
34 What is ‘invisible’ unemployment?
35Name the Nazi organisations which affected the standard of living of workers.
36When did the Nazi boycott of Jewish shops begin?
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No Question Answer
37 When were the Nuremberg Laws passed?
38Which law forbade the marriage of Jews to Germans?
39What event caused the beginning of Kristallnacht?
40
How many Jews were arrested and taken to concentration camps by 12 November after Kristallnacht?
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PRACTICE QUESTIONS(ET) = Taken from the Edexcel Textbook(HT) = Taken from the Hodder Textbook(PRG) = Taken from the Purple Revision Guide(SAM) = Sample Assessment Materials from the Exam Board
“EXPLAIN WHY” QUESTIONS
Explain why there were economic problems in the Weimar Republic from 1919 to 1923.You may use the following in your answer:
Reparations the French occupation of the Ruhr
You must also use information of your own. (ET)
Explain why there was opposition in Germany to the Treaty of Versailles (1919).You may use the following in your answer:
military terms territorial terms
You must also use information of your own. (SAM)
Explain why there were challenges to the Weimar Republic in the years 1919–23. You may use the following in your answer:
The Treaty of Versailles The Kapp Putsch
You must also use information of your own. (HT)
Explain why Hitler carried out the Munich Putsch. You may use the following in your answer:
Ludendorff French occupation of the Ruhr
You must also use information of your own. (HT)
Explain why the Munich Putsch (1923) failed. You may use the following in your answer:
the German army Bavarian leaders
You must also use information of your own. (ET)
Explain why the Nazis attempted the Munich Putsch in 1923. You may use the following in your answer:
invasion of the Ruhr (1923) Hitler’s leadership of the Nazi Party
You must also use information of your own. (PRG)
Explain why the Weimar Republic recovered in the years 1924–29. You may use the following in your answer:
The Dawes Plan Page 19
Achievements abroadYou must also use information of your own. (HT)
Explain why 1924–29 was a golden age in the Weimar Republic. You may use the following in your answer:
Women Culture
You must also use information of your own. (HT)
Explain why there was increased support for the Nazis in the years 1929–32. You may use the following in your answer:
Unemployment Goebbels
You must also use information of your own. (HT)
Explain why the Nazi police state was successful between 1933-39. You may use the following in your answer:
the Gestapo concentration camps
You must also use information of your own. (ET)
Explain why the police state was a success in removing opposition to the Nazi regime. You may use the following in your answer:
Concentration camps The Gestapo
You must also use information of your own. (HT)
Explain why there was so little resistance and opposition to Hitler and the Nazis in Germany in the years 1933–39. You may use the following in your answer:
Nazi propaganda The Gestapo
You must also use information of your own. (ET)
Explain why Hitler was able to increase his control over Germany between 1933 and 1939. You may use the following in your answer:
the Enabling Act Nazi propaganda
You must also use information of your own. (ET)
Explain why the Nazis wanted women to focus on home and family life. You may use the following in your answer:
Marriage Loans birth rate
You must also use information of your own. (PRG)
Explain why unemployment fell in Germany between 1933 and 1939. You may use the following in your answer:
National Labour Service (RAD) autobahns
You must also use information of your own. (ET)
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Explain why the Nazis tried to control the Church in Germany. You may use the following in your answer:
Roman Catholic Church German Faith Movement
You must also use information of your own. (HT)
Explain why sport changed under the Nazis in the years 1933–39. You may use the following in your answer:
Healthy nation Racial beliefs
You must also use information of your own. (HT)
Explain why there was a great reduction in unemployment in Germany in the years 1933–39. You may use the following in your answer:
Rearmament The Reich Labour Service
You must also use information of your own. (HT)
Explain why there were changes to the lives of Jewish people in Nazi Germany in the years 1933–39. You may use the following in your answer:
The Nuremburg Laws, 1935 Kristallnacht, 1938
You must also use information of your own. (HT)
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