English for Biology

PARTS OF SPEECH

Visit One of The Greatest Wonders The Great Wall of China Beijing Bike Tour, September 21st - 26th, 2013Good news for the cycling enthusiasts. On our next bike tour, Garuda Indonesia will take you to Beijing. It is well known as the choice destination that offers beautiful scenery, historical sites, cultural opulence and tasty food. So, prepare your bike and set your date, to be a part of this healthy delight.

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Dear Andreas Priyono Budi PrasetyoSome of the most memorable travels are deeply personal. That's why Garuda Indonesia helps you create a journey that is uniquely yours. From choosing your desired seat, to selecting your meal preference, to freely updating your contact information, you get to customise your experience throughout the way.

English for Biology

Visit One of The Greatest Wonders The Great Wall of China Beijing Bike Tour, September 21st - 26th, 2013Good news for the cycling enthusiasts. On our next bike tour, Garuda Indonesia will take you to Beijing. It is well known as the choice destination that offers beautiful scenery, historical sites, cultural opulence and tasty food. So, prepare your bike and set your date, to be a part of this healthy delight.

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Include : Economy Class Ticket (vv), 4-night accomodation at 4 star hotels, 2 jerseys, tour guide, tax and fuel surcharge and 6-day travel insurance.

Exclude :

Visa, Jakarta’s airport tax and bike rental (if the participant does not bring his/her own bike).

English for Biology

Ketika mahasiswa masih susah memahami kutipan kalimat dari Garuda Indonesia tersebut, saya yakin bahwa mahasiswa tidak menguasai ‘parts of speech’. Mahasiswa umumnya tidak mempunyai pondasi kuat untuk memahami kata, frase, dan kalimat. Untuk itu, beriku ini, disinggung sekilas tentang ‘part of speech’. Para mahasiswa diminta untuk meluang waktu untuk menghafal dengan fasih.

Traditional grammar recognizes 8 parts of speech:Noun, Pronoun, Verb, Adjective, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction, and Interjection.Many words can function as more than one part of speech, for example:1. The paint is wet2. Please paint the ceiling next 3. The cat in gloves catches no mice

NOUNA noun is the name of a person, place, or thing, but.....In addition to the tradisional definition of a noun, grammarians

describe a noun as follows:

1. The kind of word that is often marked with an article (a spoon, an apple, the newspaper)

2. The kind of word that can be made plural (one cat, two cats) or possessive the cat’s paw

3. The kind of word that when derived form another word typically takes one of these endings: player, justice, happiness, division, guidance, reference, pavement, childhood, kingdom, agency, tourist, cincerity, censorship

4. The kind of word that can fill one these positions in a sentence: subject, direct object, indirect object, subject complement, object compliment, object of the preposion

LATIHAN

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English for Biology

1. Pride is at the bottom of all great mistakes2. Clothe an idea in words, and it loses its freedom of movement3. Idle hands are the devil’s workshop4. Our national flower is the concrete cloverleaf5. The ultimate cencorship is the flick of the dial6. Figures won’t lie, but liars will figure7. Conservatism is the worship of dead revolutions8. The winds and the waves are always on the side of the abblest

navigators9. Problems are opportunities in work clothes

ADJECTIVE

usually a word used to modify, or describe, a noun or pronoun. It usually answer one of these questions: which one, what kind of, how many? The kind of word that usually comes before a noun in a noun

phrase: a frisky puppy, an amiable young man. The kind of word that can follow a linking verb and describe the

subject: the ship was unsinkable, talk is cheap The kind of word that derived from another part of speech

typically takes one of these endings: wonderful, courteous, lucky, foolish, pleasurable, colonial, defensible, urgent, helpless, disgusting, friendly, spectacular, secretive

VERB

usually expresses action (jump, think, or being is, become....It is composed of a main verb possibly preceded by one or more helping verbs.Main verb of a sentence is always the kind of word that would change form, if put into these test sentencesUsually I walkYesterday I walkedI have walked many time beforeI am walking right now

Latihan1. Throw a lucky man into the sea and he will emerge with fish in

his mouth

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English for Biology

2. Great persons have not commonly been great scholars.3. Without the spice of guilt, can sin be fully savored?4. One arrow does not bringdown two birds.5. Birds of a feather flock together6. Don’t scald your tongue in other people’s broth7. The king can do no wrong.

ADVERB

Kata yang menerangkan kata kerja (kata sifat)Tidak pernah menerangkan kata benda Asli - fast, aloud, hard Turunan kata sifat + ly slowly, highly, nicely, beautifully, quickly, easily, seriouslyHardly (kata sifat, hampir tidak )PRONOUN

is word used for a noun. Usually the pronoun subtitus for a specifict noun, known as its antecedent. When the wheel squakes, it is greased. 1. Personal pronouns: singgular I, me, you, she, her, he, him, it;

plural we, us, you, they, them2. Possessive pronouns: singular my, mine, your, yours, her, hers,

his, its; plural our, ours, your, yours, their, theirs.3. Intensive and Reflexive pronouns: singular myself, yourself,

himself, herself. Itself; plural ourselves, yourselves, themselves4. Relative pronouns, introduce subordinate clause functioning as

adjective.. The man who robbed us was never caught. Who, Whom, Whose, Which, That; Whoever, whomever, whatever...

5. Interrogative Pronouns who is expected to win the election? Who, Whom, Whose, Which, That

6. Demonstrative Pronouns: This, These, That, Those. This Chair is my favorite.....

7. Indifinite Pronouns: singular-everyone, each, none; all, both, a few...

8. Reciprocal Pronouns: each other, one another

SeveralSomeSomebody

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AnythingBothEachEitherEverybody All

AnotherAnyAnybodyAnyone

EveryoneEverythingFewManyNeither

English for Biology

SomeoneSomething

LATIHAN

1. Beware of persons who are praised by everyone2. Every society honors its live conformists and its dead troublemakers3. Watch the faces of those who bow low4. I have written some poetry that I myself do not understand5. A skeptic is a person who would ask God for his I.D6. Doctors can bury their mistakes, but architects can only advise their

clients to plant vines7. Anyone who serves God for money will serve the devil for better

wages

RELATIVE PRONOUNS

The great motility of eye is a matter of common observation. Eye movement are brougth about of the six, striated eye muscles whose origins are fixed upon the bones of the orbit (the bone socket in which the eyeball is placed), and with insertions upon the connective tissue of the eyeball. The position of these muscles may be seen in figure 9-25. The direction in which the individual muscles turn the eyeball and their innervation are given in table 9-1.

My friends to whom I introduced you yesterday developed a new strategy in the study of living things.We have two lecturers, both of whom will study overseas.My friend whom I introduced you is...This is the file out of which I got some letters...The average life time of the female mosquitoes is about a month, during which they have a love life of about 15 seconds.

In addition to hemoglobin many other subtances, some of which are listed in Figure 75, are present in the red blood cell in small quantities.

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No bodyNo oneNoneNothingOne

English for Biology

The dean will surely come in spite of the fact that he is not invitedCellular metabolism would not occur without the presence of

enzymes. Accordingly the nature and activity of these subtances will be

considered.Do what you are told or else you will be punished.Mahasiswa tidak terbiasa dengan idiom yang paling umum pun seperti: to bear in mind, to bring about, to breakway from, to come about, to hand in, to hand over, to give rise to , to think over, dan seterusnya.

PAST PARTICIPLE AS ADJECTIVE Want –wanted –wanted, Hurt – hurt- hurt set set set

Projected materials, such as films and slides, are very helpful in classroom teaching.To accomplish the goal set the teacher must have the learner participate in the selection of the material he will use and later, evaluate the effectiveness in accomplishing the goal set.

To have + object + Verb 1 === menyuruh I have (get) you singThe difference between the amount of alkali required to bring the two samples to the same tint of red is a direct measure of the amount of acid produced.

The autonomic nervous system does not possess any autonomy in the sense that, independent of the other parts of the nervous system, it exercises control the organs innervated by it. The term autonomic is a misnomer. It does not act as an independent reflex mechanism.

A careful and accurate method of plant cell study will benefit students at the state-owned chemistry Education Department.

The minute oval-shaped cells are now circulated in the human blood system

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

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English for Biology

Jika saya dulu sekolah di STPDN (Sekolah Tinggi Pemerintahan Dalam Negeri), saya sekarang seorang camat (Wawan-Semarang, ponco wolo).Jika dulu saya jadi anak nakal saya tidak akan sekolah yang tinggiJika dari dulu saya langsing sekarang saya menjadi model (Lia-

bawen).Jika kakak saya jadi meningkah tahun ini, pasti tahun depan saya

menikah.Saya akan menonton sepakbola (PSIS) di Jatidiri, jika tidak hujan.

Dalam bahas Inggris:Pengandaian untuk masa Sekarang: 1a. Saya akan menonton

sepakbola di jati diri, jika tidak hujan. ( If S + verb (present tenses), S + will

/shall........ I will go to Jati diri to watch PSIS matches versus Urugay, if it does

not rain.

Jika sekarang ini saya SBY, saya terbang ke Netherland 1b. If S + past tenses, S + would/ should......If I were SBY, I would fly to Netherlands

Lalu: If S+ had + verb 3, S + would have......

Seandainya dulu (5 tahun yang lalu) saya diterima di fakultas kedokteran, pasti sekarang saya sedang koas.. If I had been accepted 5 years ago by the Faculty of Medicine, Pajajaran University, I would have surely participated in Coass.

Seandainya 1 jam yang lalu motor saya tidak mogok, saya tidak terlambat masuk kuliah. If I had broken my motorcyle an hour ago, I would not have been late.

Seandainya dulu saya masuk sepakbola, sekarang saya jadi pemain yang handal.Seandanya kemarin saya bawa jas hujan, pasti tidak kehujanan di jalan.Seandainya dulu saya mendengar nasihat mama, pasti sekarang tidak akan kecewa

Jika dulu saya lulus ujian masuk S3 di Deakin University Melbourne Australia, segala

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English for Biology

berbeda.Jika dulu saya belajar bahasa Inggris dengan baik, saya akan lancar berbicara Inggris. If I had studied English well, I would have fluently spoken English.

Jika tadi saya teliti, saya pasti bisa mendapat nilai 100If I had been careful, I would have got 100 poin

Jika kemarin saya mangambil S2 murni, saya tidak disini. If I had taken pure postgraduate studies, I would have not been here.

Jika dulu saya kuliah kedokteran, saya pasti menjadi dokter di Garuda Indonesia.If I had studied medicine, I would have surely been a doctor for Garuda Indonesia.

Jika dulu saya beli rumah, saya tidak akan hidup bersama orang tua. If I had bought a house, I would not have lived with my parents. Jika tadi aku bertemu dengan mu, aku akan mentraktir mu di kantin. If I had seen you, I would have treated you at Campus Cantin.

Had you passed your examination, everything would have been different. No longer would have been necessary for you to work so hard, and a position of standing would have been yours. You can not blame me for your future in any way.

I have done my level best, and were you to have taken my advice, I am absolutely sure that this unfortunate crisis would have never arisen.

It may pain you to hear the truth, but if you had taken more notice of all I gave you,

you would not have been faced with this seriously terrible dillemma.What is to be done now? It must have time to think the matter over. It would nearly kill your father were he to know the whole truth.

As thing are I am inclined to advise you not to brood over your misfortune. It is after all of no crying over spilt milk says our proverb, and let us make the best of things now. I am hoping you will take your studies seriously. It never does to allow one’s self to be much affected by lossess or gains.

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English for Biology

CONJUNCTIONS ( AND, OR, THOUGH, ALTHOUGH, BECAUSE....)People say that smoking is not good for human health; for all that nine of ten gentlemen smoke.

This pictures never attract me; nevertheless I have no plan to sell.

This university is the best, whereas that one is the second.

Seeing that it is cloudy you had better cancel your trip. (absent- kata sifat: saya lebih baik tidak masuk kuliah besuk pagi. I had better be absent tommorow morning

Pertanyaan: would rather... than, Which... kapan That..

Have = eat, Which (that)- benda, who (whom)-manusia

Harimau yang ditembak mati itu adalah betina..The tiger which was shot dead is female... the tiger shot dead yesterday is female

Indonesia still seeks a newly integrated method to combat plant pests in that it is an agriculture country.

The dean will surely come in spite of the fact that he is not invited.

Hence, to be active it must be supplied with energy.

Cellular metabolism would not occur without the presence of enzymes; accordingly the nature and activity of these substances will be considered.

Due to the recent notice, Deakin University will accept more than 200.000 overseas students.

PRESENT PARTICIPLE CONSTRUCTION AND GERUND

S + Predicate + Object + keteranganMinum di siang hari menyegarkan....Drinking in the afternoon is fresh. Kuliah di Unnes menyenangkan, Studying at Unnes is fun.

Having to study at Unnes is an obligation

Mencintaimu membahagiakan ku. Loving you is making me happy. Loving you is my happiness

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English for Biology

Saya suka menyanyi sejak kecil... I love singing since my childhood

I am busy I am a busy worker I am sleeping I am a sleeping worker I am sleepyI like books (noun) Books are good for childrenI like reading (noun) Reading is good for

children

The Learning University Conservation Uni

Present participle as adjective, terjemahanya yang me...A busy worker: seorang pekerja yang sibukA boiling water: air yang mendidihA dancing girl: gadis yang menari

beyond imagination.. standard..

being more.... having more

Tapi

A Sleeping room = a room for sleeping

A swimming pool = a pool for swimming (gerund)

Having not finished our part of the work, we are free to go home

The letter, having been addressed to the wrong house never reached me.

Observing the animal behavior perhaps scientist can predict earthquakes.

Eating undercooked beef, pork (ham) or fish one can be infected by tapeworms.

Supplying oxygen to, and removing CO2 from, the cells are of such paramount importance that all possible means are sought to facilitate these processes. Seek sought sought seeking ------ to be of noun = adjective. I am of importance = I am

important. She is of beauty = she is beutiful The spindle of dividing cells has no apparent structure.Henni= benang-benang pada pembelahan sel tidak memiliki struktur jelas.

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English for Biology

Benang dari sel-sel yang membelah tidak memiliki struktur yang jelas.

The underlying principle of this strategy is to provide students with an opportunity

to talk in groups of two or three without the tutor listening.Having no money, I will not go = because I have no money, I will not

goHaving no money, I will go neverthelessHaving no money, One can not do muchHaving no money, yet (still) I must buy this book.

The most disconcerting question a biologist can be asked is, what is life? There is no

concise, definitive answer, eventhough great powers of discrimination are ordinary required to distinquish between living and non-living things. The underlying principle of this strategy is to provide students with

an opportunity to talk in groups of two or three withoud tutor listening.

Yang paling menyulitkan adalah the comulative sentences:

A mayor principle of the theory of evolution is that all species of plants and animals now living on the earth have arisen from pre-existing species.

Dams bar the flow of rivers, raising the level hundreds of feet, diverting the water accross the water shed through tunnels, guiding it through turbines which produce a million horse power, forcing it through the great pipelines and gigantic gates, leading it into irrigation canals and through newly won green valley where formerly no birds sang.The teacher named andre, fighting illiteracy, bringing encouragement and hope for the poor, often turning sorrow in happiness, deserves our respect and gratitude

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English for Biology

WORD DERIVATION

Your regular excercises will strengthen your muscle (strong)I appreciate your coming (price)We are now threatened by global economy (global)

Adverb (fast, aloud, dan adjective + ly)

Adjective (good, nice, akhiran – full, - less, - able, - ible, - al, - ar, - y, -ent)

Beautiful, useless, understandable, edible, global, lunar, smoky, different, dst)

Verb (go, sing)

En + noun endanger, encourage

Noun + en lengthen, heighten

Noun + ify beautify, clarify

Noun + ize indonesianize, americanize

Nouns (table, books) Yang berakhiran - ment, -ation, - tion, - sion, - ence, - ity, - ness

Development Independence Education nation Sovereignity Happiness Kingdom, boredom Friendship Growth relationship

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