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World War II TestDirections: Answer all questions to the best of your ability.

1. During World War II, goods and resources that were needed for the war wereA. HiddenB. HoardedC. SoldD. Rationed

. . . This is not an issue as to whether the people are going hungry or cold in the United States. It is solely a question of the best method by which hunger and cold can be prevented. It is a question as to whether the American people on the one hand will maintain the spirit of charity and of mutual self-help through voluntary giving and the responsibility of local government as distinguished on the other hand from appropriations out of the Federal Treasury for such purposes. My own conviction is strongly that if we break down this sense of responsibility, of individual generosity to individual, and mutual self-help in the country in times of national difficulty and if we start appropriations of this character we have not only impaired something infinitely valuable in the life of the American people but have struck at the roots of self-government. Once this has happened it is not the cost of a few score millions, but we are faced with the abyss of reliance [trap of relying] in [the] future upon Government charity in some form or other. The money involved is indeed the least of the costs to American ideals and American institutions. . . .

President Herbert Hoover, February 3, 1931

2. According to the statement above, how did President Hoover hope the American people would respond to the Great Depression?A. He did not feel that he could change the events in the depressionB. He felt individuals could help each other more than the government couldC. He wanted the government to become a charity for those affectedD. He wanted the federal and state governments to work together to help

3. Which statement most accurately describes how World War II affected the home front in the United States?A. Gasoline was rationed, people planted victory gardens, and more women worked in factories.B. American homes were bombed, factories were closed, and food production declined.C. Factory production went down, women lost rights, and Americans lost jobs.D. Unemployment went up, businesses overproduced, and farms failed.

4. During World War II, posters of Rosie the Riveter were used toA. Encourage women to serve in the armed forcesB. Support higher education for womenC. Promote women’s suffrageD. Recruit women into wartime industries

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. . . For black people, the New Deal was mentally encouraging (Mrs. Roosevelt was sympathetic; some blacks got posts in the administration), but most blacks were ignored by the New Deal programs. As tenant farmers, as farm laborers, as migrants, as domestic workers, they didn’t qualify for unemployment insurance, minimum wages, social security, or farm subsidies. Roosevelt, careful not to offend southern white politicians whose political support he needed, did not push a bill against lynching. Blacks and whites were segregated in the armed forces. And black workers were discriminated against in getting jobs. They were the last hired, the first fired. Only when A. Philip Randolph, head of the Sleeping-Car Porters Union, threatened a massive march on Washington in 1941 would Roosevelt agree to sign an executive order establishing a Fair Employment Practices Committee. But the FEPC had no enforcement powers and changed little. . . .

5. Based on this document, how were African Americans impacted by the Great Depression and New Deal?A. African Americans were able to receive unemployment benefits from the federal governmentB. African Americans were not able to join the militaryC. African Americans were not seen as equal to whites when applying for jobsD. African Americans had the support of the president to gain more political and economic freedom

6. Which group later received an apology and money from the federal government as a result of their internment during World War II?

A. German AmericansB. Japanese AmericansC. Mexican AmericansD. Italian Americans

7. During World War II, women and minorities made economic gains mainly becauseA. More educational opportunities increased the number of skilled workers in these groupsB. A shortage of traditional labor created new opportunities in the workplaceC. Labor unions successfully demanded equal opportunities for these groupsD. New civil rights legislation forced businesses to change their hiring practices

Brother, Can You Spare a Dime?

They used to tell me I was building a dream And so I followed the mob. When there was earth to plow or guns to bear, I was always there, right on the job. They used to tell me I was building a dream With peace and glory ahead — Why should I be standing in line, just waiting for bread? Once I built a railroad, I made it run, Made it race against time. Once I built a railroad, now it’s done — Brother, can you spare a dime? . . . Once in khaki suits, gee, we looked swell Full of that Yankee Doodle-de-dum. Half a million boots went slogging through hell, And I was the kid with the drum. . . . — E. Y. Harburg and J. Gorney, 1932

8. Which statement most accurately expresses the main idea of this song?

A. Railroad workers were often overpaid. B. The average wage in 1930 was10 cents an hour. C. Soldiers never have difficulty finding jobs when they return from war. D. Hard times threaten economic opportunity.

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9. The Lend-Lease Act was adopted prior to World War II primarily because these actions would:A. Stop the spread of communismB. Convince the American people that war was necessaryC. Help Allied nations without the United States entering the war D. Create jobs to end the Great Depression

10. Which phrase best fits with the cartoon above?A. “America shouldn’t be involved with other nations”B. “We need to help European nations at war”C. “War is a disease and will spread if not treated”D. “Communism is going to be the death of America”

11. The Allied invasion of was given the code name D-Day.A. JapanB. ItalyC. North AfricaD. France

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12. What does the above cartoon depict?A. President Roosevelt refusing to help President Hoover with the DepressionB. President Hoover abandoning a babyC. President Hoover handing the nation’s problems to RooseveltD. President Hoover asking for help from President Roosevelt

13. Which of the following countries was NOT part of the Axis Powers?A. ItalyB. RussiaC. JapanD. Germany

“If we are to retain our own freedom, we must do everything within our power to aid Britain…we cannot live in the world alone, without friends and without allies… We would be alone in the world, facing an unscrupulous military economic block that would dominate all of Europe, all of Africa and most of Asia, and perhaps even Russia and South America.”

14. Based on the quotations above, what was one issue in the debate over the United States becoming involved in World War II?A. Concern that the US would be unsuccessfulB. Uncertainty as to where assistance from the US was wanted by other nationsC. Difference of opinions as to whether the US’ interests were at risk because of the warD. Disagreements over where US troops should be removed from other areas in order to assist in

Europe

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Matching: Match the letter of the correct response and write the letter in blank next to the number. Letters will only be used once.

20. What is the message of the advertisement to the left?A. Buying war bonds would keep

America’s children safeB. Not buying war bonds would

not affect AmericaC. Mothers needed to protect

their children from Russia and Japan

D. Stealing war bonds would mean America would lose the war

PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST!15. C Leader of Italy, promoted fascism, country who invaded Ethiopia

A. Adolf Hitler

16. A Leader of the Nazi Party, wrote Mein Kampf B. Franklin D. Roosevelt

17. D Leader of the Communist Party in the Soviet Union, executed his rivals, sent millions of his own people

to labor camps

C. Benito Mussolini

18. B President of the United States during WWII, gave 'A Date Which Will Live in Infamy' speech

“Exclusion of those of Japanese origin was deemed necessary… We uphold the exclusion order… Hardships are part of war and we are at war with the Japanese Empire… The military urgency of the situation demanded that all citizens of Japanese ancestry be segregated from the West Coast temporarily”

-Korematsu vs. United States, 1944

19. What action by the US government was declared constitutional by the Supreme Court in 1944?A. Requiring Japanese Americans to return to JapanB. Restricting the number of Japanese immigrants to the

USC. Forcing Japanese Americans into internment camps

The "V for Victory" sign is being displayed prominently in all so-called democratic countries which are fighting for victory over aggression, slavery and tyranny. If this V sign means that to those now engaged in this great conflict then let colored Americans adopt the double VV for a double victory This should not and would not lessen our efforts to bring this conflict to a successful conclusion; but should and would make us stronger to resist these evil forces which threaten us. America could become united as never before and become truly the home of democracy. V for victory over our enemies from without, the second V for victory over our enemies within. For surely those who perpetrate these ugly prejudices here are seeing to destroy our democratic form of government just as surely as the Axis forces. This should not and would not lessen our efforts to bring this conflict to a successful conclusion; but should and would make us stronger to resist these evil forces which threaten us. America could become united as never before and become truly the home of democracy.

D. Joseph Stalin

20. What is the message of the advertisement to the left?A. Buying war bonds would keep

America’s children safeB. Not buying war bonds would

not affect AmericaC. Mothers needed to protect

their children from Russia and Japan

D. Stealing war bonds would mean America would lose the war

PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST!James G. Thompson, letter to the editor, Pittsburgh Courier, originally printed January 31, 1942

21. What is James G. Thompson proposing in this article above?A. African Americans need to join the war to defeat the

Axis powersB. African Americans should fight for democratic ideas

overseas and at homeC. African Americans should start protests against racism

at homeD. African Americans were the key to winning the war

and made the army stronger

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22. Which term is best illustrated by the map above?A. NeutralityB. Island-HoppingC. IsolationismD. Total warfare

23. Many Native Americans served in the Armed Forces as , based on the Navajo

language.A. ParatroopersB. PilotsC. Code TalkersD. Medics

24. Using the chart above, when was the Great Depression at its peak?A. 1930-1935B. 1925-1935C. 1932-1938D. 1936-1940

PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST!“It is my opinion that the use of this barbarous weapon at Hiroshima and Nagasaki was of no material assistance in our war against Japan. The Japanese were already defeated and ready to surrender because of the effective sea blockade and the successful bombing with conventional weapons…My own feeling was that being the first to use [the atomic bomb], we adopted an ethical standard common to the barbarians of the Dark Ages. I was not taught to make wars in that fashion, and that wars cannot be won by destroying women and children”

-Admiral William D. Leahy, President Truman’s Chief of Staff

25. For what reasons do these critics of President Truman’s decision oppose the use of the atomic bomb?

A. The bombs were necessary to protect American lives from being lost in battleB. The human cost of the bombs being dropped was too high for it to be worthwhileC. American military strategies were succeeding in the Pacific region without the atomic bombD. Wars cannot be won by destroying cities and urban areas

26. The United States used the in Hiroshima and Nagasaki to force Japan to surrender.A. Nuclear MissileB. B-17 BomberC. Atomic BombD. Peace Treaties

How World War II Affected _______

Many Americans feared they would be disloyal to the United States. President Roosevelt passed the Executive order 9O66 They were moved from their homes to small, secluded camps with armed guards Most of them lost their homes and property

27. Which group of people are described in the chart above?A. German AmericansB. Japanese AmericansC. African AmericansD. Mexican Americans

28. New Deal programs such as the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) and the Works Progress Administration (WPA) were primarily intended to help A. Farmers B. Homeowners C. Businesses

PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST! D. Unemployed workers

29. During the Great Depression, expressions such as Hooverville, showed that President Hoover:A. Was seen as a role modelB. Used the military to aid the unemployedC. Was blamed for the suffering of the poorD. Supported relief and public housing for the needy

30. Which of the following was NOT a major cause of the Great Depression?A. OverproductionB. Stock Market Crash C. Dust BowlD. Harlem Renaissance

31. The U.S remained APART from all European affairs at the beginning of the war, this is known as:A. DemocracyB. IsolationismC. TotalitarianismD. Fascism

32. This was created to help war veterans find housing and jobs once they were home.A. New DealB. Civilian Conservation CorpsC. GI BillD. War Bonds

33. Which of the following is NOT a way American citizens supported the war effort?A. Spending large amounts of money on gasoline, meat, and sugarB. Buying war bondsC. Planting victory gardensD. Donating to scrap drives

PLEASE DO NOT WRITE ON THIS TEST!34. According to the graph above, between 1941 and 1943, the number of women in the aviation industry….

A. Increased dramaticallyB. Decreased slightlyC. Did not change significantlyD. The chart does not give necessary information

35. What is the message of the cartoon to the left?

A. America needed to be brave and join WWII

B. Appeasement helped make America stronger

C. America needed medicine to be stronger

D. America should stay neutral in WWII