VIKRAMA SIMHAPURI UNIVERSITY NELLORE B.SC., MICROBIOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY.pdfb.sc microbiology (cbcs) syllabus first year – semester- i mbt- 101 introduction to microbiology and microbial

VIKRAMA SIMHAPURI UNIVERSITYNELLORE

B.SC., MICROBIOLOGY

UG (CBCS) SEMESTER PATTERN SYLLABUSI TO VI SEMESTER

B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) SYLLABUSFIRST YEAR – SEMESTER- I

MBT- 101 INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY AND MICROBIALDIVERSITY

TOTAL HOURS: 48 CREDITS: 4

UNIT-I No. of hours: 10

History and mile stones in microbiology. Contributions of Anton von Leeuwenhoek, EdwardJenner, Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Ivanowsky. Importance and applications of microbiology.Classification of microorganisms – Haeckel’s three Kingdom concept, Whittaker’s five kingdomconcept, three domain concept of Carl Woese. Outline classification of bacteria as per the second edition of Bergey’s Manual ofSystematicBacteriology. (up to classes only)

UNIT-II No. of hours: 10

General characteristics of Bacteria, Archaea, Mycoplasmas and Cyanobacteria. Ultra structure ofProkaryotic cell- Variant components and invariant components.General characteristics ofViruses.Morphology, Structure and replication of TMV and HIV. Replications of Bacteria phage (T4)

UNIT-III No. of hours: 10

General characteristics and outline classification of Fungi, Algae and Protozoa. (up to classesonly).Principles of microscopy - Bright field phase contrast and Electron microscopy .

UNIT-IV No.of hours: 10

Staining Techniques –Simple and Differential (Gram Staining and Spore Staining). Sterilizationand disinfection techniques - Physical methods – autoclave, hot- air oven, Radiation methods –UV rays, Gamma rays. Chemical methods – alcohols, phenols – Filtration methods HEPA Filters– Laminar Airflow Micro-pore filtration.

UNIT-V No. of hours: 8

Isolation of Microorganisms from natural habitats. Pure culture techiques – dilution-plating,Streak-plate, Spread-plate, Pour-Plate and Enrichment culturing. Preservation of microbialcultures – subculturing, overlaying cultures with mineral oils, lyophilization, sand cultures,storage at low temperature.

MBP- 101 INTRODUCTION TO MICROBIOLOGY AND MICROBIAL DIVERSITY


1. Microbiology Good Laboratory Practices and Biosafety.2. Preparation of culture media for cultivation of bacteria3. Preparation of culture media for cultivation of fungi4. Sterilization of medium using Autoclave5. Sterilization of glassware using Hot Air Oven6. Light compound microscope and its handling7. Microscopic observation of bacteria (Gram +ve bacilli and cocci, Gram -ve

bacilli), Cyanobacteria, Algae and Fungi.8. Simple staining9. Gram’s staining10. Hanging-drop method.11. Isolation of pure cultures of bacteria by streaking method.12. Preservation of bacterial cultures by various techniques.13. Diagramatic or Electron photomicrographic observation of TMV, HIV, T4 phage and

Adenovirus

1. An Introduction to Microbiology, A.P. Telugu Academy.2. Introduction to Microbiology – R.P. Singh.

Suggested Reading:

Alexopoulos, C.J., Mims, C.W. and Blackwell, M. (1996). Introductory Mycology, Wiley, NewYork.Atlas, R.A. and Bartha, R. (2000). Microbial Ecology . Fundamentals andApplication, Benjamin Cummings, New York.

Dimmock, N.J., Easton, A.J. and Leppard, K.N. (2001). Introduction to ModernVirology, Blackwell Science Ltd, U.K.

Dube, R.C. and Maheswari, D.K. (2000) General Microbiology. S Chand, New Delhi.Edition), Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.

Frobisher, H., Hinsdil, R.D., Crabtree, K.T. and Goodhert, D.R. (2005). Fundamentals ofMicrobiology, Saunder and Company, London.

Jaya Babu (2006). Practical Manual on Microbial Metabolisms and GeneralMicrobiology. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.

Madigan, M.T., Martinkl, J.M. and Parker, J. (2010). Brock Biology of Microorganisms,9th Edition, MacMillan Press, England.

Moore . Landecker, E. (1996). Fundamentals of Fungi, Prentice-Hall, NJ, USA.

Niclin, J. et al. (1999). Instant Notes in Microbiology. Viva Books Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

Pelczar, M.J., Chan, E.C.S. and Kreig, N.R. (1993). Microbiology. 5th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Co., Ltd., New Delhi.

Gopal Reddy et al Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology

Power, C.B. and Daginawala, H.F. (1986). General Microbiology Vol I & II (2ndPrescott, M.J., Harley, J.P. and Klein, D.A. (2010). Microbiology. 5th Edition, WCB McGrawHill, New York.

Ram Reddy, S. and Reddy, S.M. (2007). Essentials of Virology. Scientific Publishers India,Jodhpur.Rao, A.S. (1997). Introduction to Microbiology. Prentice-Hall of India Pvt Ltd., NerwDelhi.Black, J.G.(2005).

Reddy, S.M. (2003). University Microbiology .I . Galgotia Publications New Delhi.

Reddy, S.M. and Reddy, S.R. (1998). Microbiology – Practical Manual, 3 rd Edition, SriPadmavathi Publications, Hyderabad.

Singh, R.P. (2007). General Microbiology. Kalyani Publishers, New Delhi.

Stanier, R.Y., Adelberg, E.A. and Ingram, J.L. (1991). General Microbiology, 5th Ed.,Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

Sullia, S.B. and Shantaram, S. (1998). General Microbiology, Oxford & IBH Publishing Pvt.Ltd., New Delhi.

Talaro, K. and Talaro, A. (1996). Foundations in Microbiology. 2nd Edition. UMC BrownPublications. Webster, J. (1980). Introduction to Fungi, Cambridge University Press,Cambridge,Wilson, K. and Walker, J. (1994). Practical Biochemistry. 4 th Edition, CambridgeUniversity Press, England.

Zubay, G. (1998). Biochemistry WCB. Mc GrawHill, Iowa.

FIRST YEAR – SEMESTER- II

MBT- 201 : MICROBIAL BIOCHEMISTRY & METABOLISM

Total Hours : 48

UNIT-I

Outline classification and general characteristics of carbohydrates (monosaccharides,disaccharides and polysaccharides). General characteristics of amino acids and proteins.Structure of nitrogenous bases, nucleotides, nucleic acids.Fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated)lipids (spingolipds, sterols and phospholipids).


Principle and applications of - ColorimertyChromatography (paper, thin-layer and column),Spectrophotometry (UV & visible),Centrifugation and Gel Electrophoresis.

UNIT-III No. of hours: 10Properties of enzymes – Simple, Conjugated; Coenzymes, Cofactors.IUB system of enzyme cofactors.Mechanism of enzyme action.Factors affecting catalytic activity.Inhibition of enzyme activity – competitive, noncompetitive, uncompetitive and alosteric.

UNIT-IV

Microbial Nutrition –Nutritional requirements and uptake of nutrients by cells. Nutritionalgroups of microcroorganisms- autotrophs, heterotrophs, mixotrophs. Growth media- synthetic,complex, selective, enrichment and differential media. Microbial Growth- different phases ofgrowth in batch cultures, Synchronous, continuous, biphasic growth. Factors influencingmicrobial growth. Methods for measuring microbial growth – Direct microscopy, viable countestimates, turbiodometry and biomass.

UNIT-V No. of hours: 10

Aerobic respiration -Glycolysis, HMP path way, ED path way, TCA cycle, Electron transport,

oxidative and substrate level phosphorylation.Anaerobic respiration, Fermentation - Alcohol and lactic acid fermentations.Outlines of oxygenic and anoxygenic photosynthesis in bacteria

MBP- 201: MICROBIAL BIOCHEMISTRY & METABOLISM


1. Qualitative Analysis of Carbohydrates2. Qualitative Analysis of Aminoacids3. Colorimetric estimation DNA by diphenylamine method4. Colorimetric estimation of proteins by Biuret/Lowry method5. Paper chromatographic separation of sugars and amino acids6. Preparation of different media- Synthetic and Complex Media7. Setting and observation of Winogradsky column.8. Estimation of CFU count by spread plate method/pour plate method.9. Bacterial growth curve.10. Factors affecting bacterial growth – pH.11. Factors affecting bacterial growth – Temperature.12. Factors affecting bacterial growth –Salts

1. Text Book of Microbiology (Microbial Physiology and Genetics Telugu Academy).2. Microbial physiology and Genetics – R.P .Singh.3. General Microbiology - Pelczar.

SUGGESTED READING

Berg JM, Tymoczko JL and Stryer L (2011) Biochemistry, W.H.Freeman and Company

Caldwell, D.R. (1995). Microbial Physiology and Metabolism, W.C. Brown Publications, Iowa, USA.

Campbell, PN and Smith AD (2011) Biochemistry Illustrated, 4th ed., Published by Churchill Livingstone

Elliot, W.H. and Elliot, D.C. (2001). Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2 nd Edition, Oxford University Press, U.S.A.

Gottschalk, G. (1986). Bacterial Metabolism, SpringerVerlag, NewYork.

Lehninger, A.L., Nelson, D.L. and Cox, M.M. (1993). Principles of Biochemistry, 2 nd Edition, CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi.

Madigan, M.T., Martinkl, J.M. and Parker, J. (2010). Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 9th Edition, MacMillan Press, England.

Moat, A.G. and Foster, J.W. (1995). Microbial Physiology, JohnWiley, New York.

Nelson DL and Cox MM (2008) Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 5th Edition., W.H. Freeman and Company.

Prescott, M.J., Harley, J.P. and Klein, D.A. (2010). Microbiology. 5th Edition, WCB Mc GrawHill, New York.

Reddy, S.R. and Reddy, S.M. (2004). Microbial Physiology, Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur, India.

Sashidhara Rao, B. and Deshpande, V. (2007). Experimental Biochemistry: A student Companion. I.K.International Pvt. Ltd.

Stanier, R.Y., Adelberg, E.A. and Ingram, J.L. (1991). General Microbiology, 5th Ed.,Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

Tymoczko JL, Berg JM and Stryer L (2012) Biochemistry: A short course, 2nd ed., W.H.Freeman

Voet,D. and Voet J.G (2004) Biochemistry 3rd edition, John Wiley and Sons

White, D. (1995). The Physiology and Biochemistry of Prokaryotes, Oxford University Press, New York.

Willey MJ, Sherwood, LM & Woolverton C J (2013) Prescott, Harley and Klein’s Microbiology by. 9th Ed., McGrawHill

B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) SYLLABUSFIRST YEAR – SEMESTER- I

MBT- 301 MICROBIAL GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY

UNIT-I No. of hours: 10

Nucleic acids – DNA and RNA- Structure and organization of prokaryotic DNA.-Extrachromosomal genetic elements – Plasmids and transposons- Replication of DNA – Semiconservative mechanism, Enzymes involved in replication.


Mutations – spontaneous and induced, base pair changes, frame shifts, deletions, inversions,tandem duplications, insertions. Mutagens - Physical and Chemical mutagens. Outlines of DNAdamage and repair mechanisms.

UNIT-IIIConcept of gene – Concept of gene – Traditional and Muton, Recon and Cistron- Modern - geneone enzyme and one gene one polypeptide hypotheses - Types of RNA and their functions -Genetic code- Structure of ribosomes

UNIT-IVTypes of genes – structural, constitutive, regulatory - Protein synthesis – Transcription andtranslation - Regulation of gene expression in bacteria – lac operonRestriction endonucleases, DNA polymerases and ligases.

UNIT-V

Basic principles of genetic engineering- Restriction endonucleases, DNA polymerases andligases - Vectors – PBR 322, PUC 101. Polymerase chain reaction. Genomic and cDNA libraries- Outlines of gene cloning methods - General account on application of genetic engineering inindustry, agriculture and medicine

MBP- 301 MICROBIAL GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY


1. Study of different types of DNA and RNA using micrographs and model / schematic . representations2. Study of semi-conservative replication of DNA through micrographs / schematic

representations3. Isolation of genomic DNA from E. coli (Demonstration)4. Estimation of DNA using UV spectrophotometer. (Demonstration)5. Resolution and visualization of DNA by Agarose Gel Electrophoresis.

6. Resolution and visualization of proteins by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). (Demo)

7. Problems related to DNA Mutations.8. Induction of mutations in bacteria by UV light.9. Instrumentation in molecular biology – Ultra centrifuge, Transilluminator, PCR (through

Photographs).

SUGGESTED READING

Crueger, W. and Crueger, A. (2000). Biotechnology: A Text Book of IndustrialMicrobiology, PrenticeHall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

Freifelder, D. (1990). Microbial Genetics. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.

Freifelder, D. (1997). Essentials of Molecular Biology. Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.Glazer, A.N. and Nikaido, H. (1995). Microbial Biotechnology – Fundamentals ofApplied Microbiology, W.H. Freeman and company, New York.

Glick, B.P. and Pasternack, J. (1998). Molecular Biotechnology, ASM Press, WashingtonD.C., USA.

Kannan, N. (2003). Hand Book of Laboratory Culture Medias, Reagents, Stains andBuffers. Panima Publishing Co., New Delhi.

Lewin, B. (2000). Genes VIII. Oxford University Press, England

Maloy, S.R., Cronan, J.E. and Freifelder, D. (1994). Microbial Genetics, Jones and BartlettPublishers, London.

Nicholl, D.S.T. (2004). An Introduction to Genetic Engineering. 2 nd Edition. CambridgeUniversity Press, London.

Old, R.W. and Primrose, S.B. (1994) Principles of Gene Manipulation, Blackwell SciencePublication, New York.

Ram Reddy, S., Venkateshwarlu, K. and Krishna Reddy, V. (2007) A text Book ofMolecular Biotechnology. Himalaya Publishers, Hyderabad.

Sinnot E.W., L.C. Dunn and T. Dobzhansky. (1958). Principles of Genetics. 5 th Edition.McGraw Hill, New York.

Smith, J.E. (1996). Biotechnology, Cambridge University Press.

Snyder, L. and Champness, W. (1997). Molecular Genetics of Bacteria. ASM press, Strickberger, M.W. (1967). Genetics. Oxford & IBH, New Delhi

Turner, P.C., Mclennan, A.G., Bates, A.D. and White, M.R.H. (1998). Instant Notes in Molecular Biology, Viva Books Pvt., Ltd., New Delhi.

Twynan, R.M. (2003). Advanced Molecular Biology. Viva books Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.

Verma, P.S. and Agarwal, V.K. (2004). Cell Biology, Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution And Ecology. S. Chand & Co. Ltd., New Delhi. Washington, D.C., USA.

B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) SYLLABUSSECOND YEAR– SEMESTER- IV

UNIT-I

Types of immunity – innate and acquired; active and passive; humoral and cell-mediatedimmunity. Primary and secondary organs of immune system – thymus, bursa fabricus, bonemarrow, spleen and lymph nodes.Cells of immune system. - B and T lymphocytes, null cells, monocytes, macrophages,neutrophils, basophils and eosinophils.

UNIT-II

Antigens – types, chemical nature, antigenic determinants, haptens. Factors affectingantigenicity. immunoglobulin – basic structure, types, properties and functions ofimmunoglobulins. Types of antigen-antibody reactions - Agglutinations, Precipitation,Neutralization, complement fixation, blood groups. Labeled antibody based techniques – ELISA,RIA and Immunofluroscence. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies – production andapplications – MBA concept of hypersensitivity and Autoimmunity.

UNIT-III

Normal flora of human body. Host pathogen interactions: infection, invasion, pathogen, pathogenicity, virulence andopportunistic infection.General account on nosocomial infection.General principles of diagnostic microbiology- collection, transport and processing ofclinical samples- General methods of laborat ory diagnosis - cultural, biochemical,serological and molecular methods

UNIT-IV No. of hours: 8

Antibacterial Agents- Penicillin, Streptomycin and Tetracycline- Antifungal agents –Amphotericin B, Griseofulvin- Antiviral substances - Amantadine and Acyclovir- Tests forantimicrobial susceptibility- Brief account on antibiotic resistance in bacteria - Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-Vaccines – Natural and recombinant.

UNIT-VGeneral account of microbial diseases – causal organism, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis,prevention and treatment - Bacterial diseases – Tuberculosis and Typhoid - Fungal diseases –Candidiasis- Protozoal diseases – Malaria-Viral Diseases - Hepatitis- B and AIDS

MBP- 401 IMMUNOLOGY AND MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY


1. Identification of human blood groups.2. Separate serum from the blood sample (demonstration).3. Estimation of blood haemoglobin.4. Total Leukocyte Count of the given blood sample.5. Differential Leukocyte Count of the given blood sample.6. Immunodiffusion by Ouchterlony method.7. Identify bacteria (E. coli, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Bacillus) using

laboratory strains on the basis of cultural, morphological and biochemicalcharacteristics: IMViC, urease production and catalase tests

8. Isolation of bacterial flora of skin by swab method.9. Antibacterial sensitivity by Kirby-Bauer method. Identifiation of diseases bosed

on the suysuptanes.10. Study symptoms of the diseases with the help of photographs:

Anthrax, Polio, Herpes, chicken pox, HPV warts, Dermatomycoses (ring worms)

11. Study of various stages of malarial parasite in RBCs using permanent mounts.

Suggested test books:1. Immunology by Nandinicretly .Text book of Microbiology y R Anantanarayana

SUGGESTED READING

Abbas AK, Lichtman AH, Pillai S. (2007). Cellular and Molecular Immunology. 6thedition Saunders Publication, Philadelphia.

Ananthanarayan R. and Paniker C.K.J. (2009) Textbook of Microbiology. 8th edition,University Press Publication

Brooks G.F., Carroll K.C., Butel J.S., Morse S.A. and Mietzner, T.A. (2013)Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology. 26th edition. McGraw Hill Publication

Delves P, Martin S, Burton D, Roitt IM. (2006). Roitt’s Essential Immunology.11th editionWiley-Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford.

Goering R., Dockrell H., Zuckerman M. and Wakelin D. (2007) Mims’ Medical Microbiology.4th edition. Elsevier

Goldsby RA, Kindt TJ, Osborne BA. (2007). Kuby’s Immunology. 6th edition W.H. Freemanand Company, New York.

Kuby’s Immunology. 6th edition W.H. Freeman and Company, New York.

Jawetz, Melnick and Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology. 26th edition. McGraw HillMicrobiology. 4th edition. Elsevier Publication

Richard C and Geiffrey S. (2009). Immunology. 6th edition. Wiley Blackwell Publication.

Willey JM, Sherwood LM, and Woolverton CJ. (2013) Prescott, Harley and Klein’sMicrobiology. 9th edition. McGraw Hill Higher Education

B.Sc MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) SYLLABUSTHIRD YEAR - SEMESTER -V

PAPER – VMBT- 501 ENVIRONMENTAL & AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY

UNIT – I

Terrestrial Environment : Soil profile and microflora - Aquatic Environment : Microflora offresh water and marine habiats- Atmosphere : Aeromicroflora and dispersal of microbesExtreme Habitats : Extremophiles : Microbes thriving at high & low temperatures , PH, highhydrostatic & osmotic pressures , salinity,& low nutrient levels.

UNIT –II

Role of microorganisms in nutrient cycling ( Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus) - Treatment andsafety of drinking (potable) water, methods to detect potability of water samples : (a) standardqualitative procedure : Presumptive test /MPN test, confirmed and completed tests for faecalcoliforms (b) Membrane filter technique : Microbial interactions – mutualism , antagonism ,competition, parasitism, predation.

UNIT – IIIOutlines of solid waste management : Sources and types of solid wastw , Methods of solid wastedisposal ( composting and and sanitary landfill) - Liquid waste management : Composition andstrength of sewage (BOD AND COD ) Primary , Secondary (Oxidation ponds, trickling filter,activated sludge process and septic tank ) and tertiary sewage treatment.

UNIT – IV Plant Growth Promoting Microorganisms- Mycorhizae, Rhizobia, Azospiritham. Azotobacter ,Frankia, phosphate – solubilizers and Cynobacteria.Outlines of biologicl nitrogen fixation (symbiotic, non-symbiotic).

UNIT-VConcept of disease in plants, Symptoms of plant diseases caused by fungi , bacteria, and viruses.Plant diseases –groundnut rust. Citrus canker and tomato leaf curl.Principles of plant disease control.

MBP-501 ENVIRONMENTAL & AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY

TOTAL HOURS : 36

1. Analysis of soil – PH, Moisture content and water holding capacity.

2. Isolation of microbes (bacteria and fungi ) from soil.

3. Study of air flora by petriplate exposure method.

4. Analysis of potable water : SPC, Presumptive ,confirmed and completed test, determination

of coliform count in water by MPN.

5. Determination of Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) of waste samples.

6. Isolation of Rhizobium from root nodules.

7. Staining and observation of vesicular Mycorrhizal ( VAM) fungi.

8. Observation of plant diseases of local importance – Citrus canker, Tikka disease of

Groundnut, Bhendi yellow vein mosaic, Rusts, Smuts, Powdery mildews, Tomato leaf curl.

SUGGESTED READINGS:

Atlas RM Bartha R.(2000) Microbial Ecology : Fundamentals & Applications.4th Edition. Benjamin/Cummings Science publishing ,USA

Barton LL & Northup DE (2011) Microbial Ecology 1st edition ,wiley Blackwell, USA

Campbell RE (1983) .Microbial Ecology .Blackwell Scientific publication, Oxford, England

Coyne MS (2001) . Soil Microbilogy : An Exploratory Approach. Delmar Thomson Learning.

Lynch JM & Hobbie JE (1988) : Microorganisms in Action : Concepts & Application inMicrobial Ecology. Blackwell Scientific publication U.K.

Madigan MT & Hobbie JM and parker J, (2014)Brock Biology of Microorganisms.14th edition.Pearson/Benjamin Cummings

Maier RM ,Pepper IL and Gerba CP (2009).Environmental Microbiology,2nd edition, Academicpress

Martin A (1977) An Introduction to Soil Microbiology 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc. NewYork & London.

Okafor, N (2011) Environmental Microbilogy of Aquatic & Waste systems.1st edition, Springer,New York.

Singh A, Kuhad, RC & Ward OP (2009) Advances in Applied Bioremediation. Volume17,Springer verlag, Berlin Hedeilberg

Stolp H (1988).Microbial Ecology : Organisms Habitats Activities.Cambridge UniversityPress,Cambridge, England.

Subba Rao NS (1999) Soil Microbiology 4th edition ,Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.New Delhi.

Willey JM, Sherwood LM, and Woolverton CJ (2013) Prescott’s Microbiology . 9th

edition .McGraw Hill Higher Edition.

B.Sc .MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) SYLLABUSPaper – VI

MBT-502 FOOD AND INSUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY

UNIT-I

Intrinsic and extrinsic parameters that affect microbial growth in food Microbial spoilage of food –fruits, vegetables, milk, meat, egg, bread and canned foodsFood intoxication (botulism)Food – Borne diseases ( salmonellosis ) and their detection.

UNIT – II

Principles of preservation –Physical and chemical methods- Fermented Dairy foods – cheese andyogurt.Microorganisms as food –SCP, edible mushrooms (white button, oyster and paddy- straw).Probiotics and their benefits.

UNIT-III

Microorganisms of industrial importance – yeasts, moulds, bacteria, actinomycetes- Isolation andScreening of industrially – important microorganisms.

UNIT-IV

Types of fermentation processes- solid state, liquid state, batch, fed-batch, continuous- Design offermenter.Ingredients of Fermentation media- Downstream processing-filtration, centrifugation, cell disruption, solvent extraction.

UNIT-V

Microbial production of Industrial products – Citric acid, Ethanol,amylases,penicillin,glutamic acid and vitamin B12.

MBT-502 FOOD AND INSUSTRIAL MICROBIOLOGY

1. Isolation of bacteria and fungi from spoiled bread / fruits /vegetables2. Sterility tests for instruments – Autoclave & Hot Air Oven3. Disinfection of selected instruments & Equipments4. Sterility of Air and its relationship to Laboratory & Hospital sepsis5. Sterility testing of Microbiological media6. Sterility testing of Pharmaceutical products – Antibiotics, Vaccines & fluids7. Standard qualitative analysis of water8. Quantitative analysis of water – Membrane filter method9. Analysis of food samples for Mycotoxins

SUGGESTED READING:

Baird RM,Hodges NA and Denyer SP (2005) Handbook of Microbiological Quality Control inPharmaceutical and Medical Devices, Taylor and Francis Inc.

Garg N, KL and Mukerji KG (2010) Laboratory MANUAL OF FOOD Microbiology I KInternational publishing House Pvt.Ltd.

Harrigan WF (1998) Laboratory Methods in Food Microbiology, 3rd ed.Academic Press

Jay JM,Loessner MJ, Golden DA (2005) Modern Food Microbiology ,7th edition, Springer

Laboratory Exercises in Microbiology ,George A. Wistreich & Max.D.Lechtman, 3rd ED,Glencoe press, London.

Manual of diagnostic Microbiology, Dr.B.J.Wadher & Dr.G.L.Bhoosreddy, Firs.Ed., Himalayapublishing house, Nagpur.

Microbiology – A laboratory manua, Cappuccino & Sherman , 6th Ed, Pearson EducationPharmaceutical Microbiology – Purohit

Pharmaceutical Microbiology – W.B.Hugo

B.Sc. MICROBIOLOGY (CBCS) SYLLABUSSEMESTER –VI

Paper VIIAMBT-601A MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY


UNIT-1 No. of Hours: 8Microbial Biotechnology: Scope and its applications in human therapeutics and environment.(Bioremediation of Xenobiotics)Genetically engineered microbes for industrial application: Bacteria and yeastUNIT-II No. of Hours: 7 Recombinant microbial production processes in Pharmaceutical industries- StreptokinaseRecombinant vaccines (Hepatitis B vaccine).Microbial polysaccharides, Polyesters and Bio plastics.Microbial biosensors.UNIT-III No. of Hours: 10 Microbial based transformation of steroids.Bio catalytic processes and their industrial applications: Production of high fructose corn syrupand Production of cocoa butter substitute.Immobilization methods and their application. UNIT-IV No. of Hours: 7 Bio ethanol and Biodiesel production: commercial production from lignocellulosic waste and algal biomass.Biogas production: Methane production using microbial culture.Bioleaching. UNIT-V No. of Hours: 4 Outlines of Intellectual Property Rights: Patents, Copyrights, Trademarks.

MBP-601A MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY

TOTAL HOURS: 36 CREDITS: 21. Yeast cell immobilization in calcium alginate gels

2. Pigment production from fungi / bacteria

3. Isolation of protease / xylanase / lipase producing bacteria

4. Study of algal Single Cell Proteins.

SUGGESTED READING

Crueger W, Crueger A (1990) Biotechnology: A text Book of Industrial Microbiology 2ndedition Sinauer associates, Inc.

Demain, A. L and Davies, J. E. (1999) Manual of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology,2nd Edition, ASM Press.

Glazer AN and Nikaido H (2007) Microbial Biotechnology, 2nd edition, Cambridge UniversityPress

Glick BR, Pasternak JJ, and patten CL (2010) Molecular Biotechnology 4th edition, ASM Press

Gupta PK (2009) Elements of Biotechnology 2nd edition, Rastogi publications

Prescott, Harley and Klein’s Microbiology by Willey JM, Sherwood LM, Woolverton CJ (2014),9th edition, Mc Graw Hill Publishers

Ratledge, C and Kristiansen, B. (2001). Basic Biotechnology, 2nd Edition, Cambridge UniversityPress.

Stanbury PF, Whitaker A, Hall SJ (1995) Principles of Fermentation Technology 2nd edition.Elsevier Science

Swartz, J.R. (2001), Advances in Escherichia coli production of therapeutic proteins, CurrentOpinion in Biotechnology, 12, 195-201.


Paper VII BMBT-601B ADVANCES IN MICROBIOLOGY


UNIT-1 No. of Hours: 8Salient features of sequenced microbial genomes, core genome pool, flexible genome pool andconcept of pangenome. Evolution of bacterial virulence- Genomic islands, Pathogen city islands(PAI) and their characteristics.

UNIT-II No. of Hours: 8Brief history and development of Metagenomics. Understanding bacterial diversity usingmetagenomics approach. Prospecting genes of biotechnological importance using metagenomics.Basic knowledge of viral Metagenome, metatranscriptomics, metaproteomics and metabolomics.

UNIT-III No. of Hours: 8 Epiphytic fitness and its mechanism in plant pathogens. Hypersensitive response (HR) to plantpathogens and its mechanism. Type Three secretion ystems (TTSS) OF Plant and animalpathogens.

UNIT-IV No. of Hours: 5 Biofilms: Types of microorganisms, molecular aspects and significance in environment, healthcare, virulence and antimicrobial resistance

UNIT-V No. of Hours: 7 Networking in biological systems, Quorum sensing in bacteria. Co- ordinated regulation ofbacterial virulence factors. Basics of synthesis of poliovirus in laboratory. Future implications ofsynthetic biology with respect to bacteria and viruses.

MBP-601 B ADVANCES IN MICROBIOLOGY


1. Extraction of Meta genomic DNA from soli.2. To understand the impediments in extracting metagenomic DNA from soli3. PCR amplification of meta genomic DNA using universal 16s ribosomal gene primers4. Case study to understand how the poliovirus genome was synthesized in the laboratory5. Case study to understand how networking of metabolic pathways in bacteria takes place.

SUGGESTED READING

1. Fraser CM, Read TD and Nelson KE. Microbial Genomes, 2004, Humana Press2. Miller RV and Day MJ. Microbial Evolution-Gene establishment, survival and exchange,

2004, ASM Press3. Bull AT. Microbial Diversity and Bio prospecting, 2004, ASM Press4. Sangdun C, Introduction to Systems Biology, 2007, Humana Press5. Klipp E, Liebermeister W. Systems Biology- A Text book , 2009, Wiley- VCH Verlag6. Caetano-Anolles G. Evolutionary Genomics and Systems Biology, 2010, John Wiley and

sons7. Madigan, MT, Martink, JM, Dunlap PV and Clark DP and (2014) Brook’s Biology of

Microorganisms, 14th edition, Pearson-Bejamin Cumming Wilson BA, Salyers AAWhitt DD and Winkler ME (2011) Bacterial Patthogenesis-A molecular Approach, 3rdedition ,ASM Press

8. Bouarab K, Brisson and Daayf F (2009) Molecular Plant –Microbe Interaction CABinternational.

9. Voit EO (2012) A First Course in Systems Biology, Ist edition, Garland Science


Paper VII C

MBT-601C INSTRUMENTATION AND BIOTECHNIUUES


UNIT-1 No. of Hours: 6Bright field and dark field microbiology. Fluorescence Microscopy, Phase contrast Microscopy,Confocal Microscopy and Micrometry.

UNIT-II No. of Hours: 8Principles and applications of paper chromatography (including Descending and 2-D), Columnpacking and fraction collection. Gel Filtration chromatography, ion- exchangechromatography. GLC and HPLC.

UNIT-III No. of Hours: 8Principle and applications of native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, SDS- polyacrylamidegel electrophoresis, 2D gel electrophoresis and Isoelectric focusing. UNIT-IV No. of Hours: 6 Principle and applications of study of absorption spectra of bimolecular, Analysis of bimolecularusing UV and visible range. Turbidometry.

UNIT-V No. of Hours: 8 Preparative and analytical centrifugation, fixed angle and swinging bucket rotors, RCF andsedimentation coefficient, differential centrifugation, density, gradient centrifugation andultracentrifugation..

MBP-601C INSTRUMENTATION AND BIOTECHNIQUES (PRACTICAL)

TOTAL HOURS: 36 CREDITS: 21. Study of fluorescent micrographs to visualize bacterial cells2. Ray diagrams of phase contrast microscopy and Electron microscopy3. Separation of mixtures by paper / thin layer chromatograph4. Demonstration of column packing in any form of column chromatography 5. Separation of protein mixtures by any form of chromatography.6. Separation of protein mixtures by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis

(PAGE)

7. Determination of λmax for an unknown sample and calculation of extinction coefficient.

8. Separation of components of a given mixture using a laboratory scale centrifuge9. Understanding density gradient centrifugation with the help of pictures

SUGGESTED READING

1. Nelson DL and Cox MM.(2008). Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry, 5th Ed., W.H.Freeman and Company.

2. Willey MJ, Sherwood LM & Woolverton C.J. (2013). Prescott, Harley and Klein’sMicrobiology. 9th Ed.,Mc Graw Hill.

3. Karp G.(2010) Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments 6th edition, JohnWiley & Sons. Inc

4. De Robertis EDP and De Robertis EMF. (2006). Cell and Molecular Biology. 8th edition,Lipincott Williams and Wilkins, Philadelphia.

5. Cooper G.M. and Hausman R.E. (2009). The Cell: A Molecular Approach. 5th Edition.ASM Press & Sunderland, Washington, D.C., Sinauer Associates, MA

6. Nigam A and Ayyagari A. 2007. Lab Manual in Biochemistry, Immunology andBiotechnology. Tata McGraw Hill.


Cluster Elective I; Paper- VIII (1) AMBT-602 A DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY


UNIT-1 No. of Hours: 8Causative agent and symptoms of Bacterial, Viral, Fungal and Protozoan Diseases of varioushuman body systems: nervous (Meningitis, Encephalitis, Cryptococcosis, Trypanosomiasis)respiratory (Tuberculosis, Influenza, Histoplasmosis, toxoplasmosis), gastrointestinal (typhoid,Hepatitis, Candidiasis, amoebiasis), urogenital systems (Nongonococcal urethritis, Genitalherpes, candidiasis, Trichomoniasis). Disease associated clinical samples for diagnosis.

UNIT-II No. of Hours: 8Collection of clinical samples (oral cavity, throat, skin, blood, CSF, Urine and aeces) andprecautions required. Method of transport of clinical samples to laboratory and storage.

UNIT-III No. of Hours: 8Examination of sample by staining – Gram stair, Ziehl- Neelson staining for tuberculosis,Giemsa- stained thin blood film for malaria.Preparation and use of culture media – Blood agar, Chocolate agar, Lowenstein- Jensen medium,Mac Conkey agar, Distinct colony properties of various bacterial pathogens.

UNIT-IV No. of Hours: 6 Diagnosis of Typhoid, Dengue, HIV and Swine flu using Serological Methods - Agglutination,ELISA, Immunofluorescence, Nucleic acid based methods – PCR, Nucleic acid probes.

UNIT-V No. of Hours: 8 Importance and determination of sensitivity / resistance of bacteria using disc diffusion method,Determination of minimal inhibirory concentration (MIC) of an antibiotic by serial doubledilution method.

MBP-602 A DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY


1. Collection, transport and processing of clinical specimens (Blood, Urine, Stool, andSputum), Receipts, Labeling, recording and dispatching clinical specimens.

2. Isolation of bacteria in pure culture. and Antibiotic sensitivity.3. Identification of common bacteria (Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, E.coli) by studying

their morphology, cultural characters, Biochemical reactions, agglutination and othertests.

4. Maintenance and preservation of stock culture.

SUGGESTED READING

1. Ananthanarayan R and Paniker CKJ (2009) Textbook of Microbiology, 8th edition,Universities Press Private Ltd.

2. Brooks G.F., Carroll K.C., Butel J.S., Morse S.A. and Mietzner, T.A. (2013) Jawetz,Melnick and Adelberg’s Medical Microbiology. 26th edition, McGraw Hill Publication

3. Collee JG, Fraser, AG, Marmion, BP, Simmons A (2007) Mackie and MccartneyPractical Medical Microbiology, 14th edition, Elsevier.

4. Randhava, VS, Mehta G and Sharma KB (2009) Practicals and Viva in MedicalMicrobiology 2nd edition, Elsevier India Pvt Ltd

5. Tille P (2013) Bailey’s and Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology, 13th edition, Mosby


Cluster Elective I; Paper- VIII (1) BMBT-602 B MICROBIAL QUALITY CONTROL IN FOOD AND PHARMACEUTICAL

INDUSTRIES


UNIT-1 No. of Hours: 8Good laboratory practices – Good microbiological practices. Bio safety cabinets – working of

bio safety cabinet, using protective clothing, specifications for BSL-1, BSL-2, BSL-3.

Discarding biohazardous waste-Methodology of Disinfection, Autoclaving & Incineration

UNIT-II No. of Hours: 8Culture and microscopic methods- Standard plate count, Most probable numbers, Direct

microscopic counts, Biochemical and immunological methods: Limulus lysate test for endotoxin,

gel diffusion. Sterility testing for pharmaceutical products.

UNIT-III No. of Hours: 8Molecular methods – Nucleic acid probes, PCR based detection, biosensors.

UNIT-IV No. of Hours: 8 Enrichment culture techniques for detection of specific microorganisms – on XLD agar,Salmonella Shigella Agar, Manitol salt agar, EMB agar, McConkey Agar, Saboraud Agar.Ascertaining microbial quality of milk by MBRT. Rapid detection methods of microbiologicalquality of milk at milk collection centers (COB, 10 min Resazurin assay).

UNIT-V No. of Hours: 4 Hazard analysis of critical control point (HACCP)- Principles, flow diagrams, limitations.

Microbial Standards for Different Foods and Water – BIS standards for common foods and

drinking water.

MBP-602 B MICROBIAL QUALITY CONTROL IN FOOD ANDPHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES


1. Microbiological laboratory safety- General rules & Regulations.2. Sterility tests for Instruments- Autoclave & Hot Air Oven3. Disinfection of selected instruments & Equipments4. Sterility of Air and its relationship to Laboratory & Hospital sepsis.5. Sterility testing of Microbiological media6. Sterility testing of Pharmaceutical products – Antibiotics, Vaccines & fluids

7. Standard qualitative analysis of water.8. Quantitative analysis of water- Membrane filter method9. Analysis of food samples for Mycotoxins.

SUGGESTED READING

1. Baird RM, Hodges NA and Denyer SP (2005) Handbook of Microbiological Qualitycontrol in Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices, Taylor and Francis Inc.

2. Garg N, Garg KL and Mukerji KG (2010) Laboratory Manual of Food Microbiology I KInternational Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.

3. Harrigan WF (1998) Laboratory Methods in Food Microbiology, 3rd ed. Academic Press.4. Jay JM, Loessner MJ, Golden DA (2005) Modern Food Microbiology, 7th edition.

Springer.5. Laboratory Exercises in Microbiology, George.A.Wistreich & Max. D. Lechtman, 3rd

Ed, Glencoe press, London6. Manual of diagnostic microbiology, Dr. B.J.Wadher & Dr. G.L.Bhoosreddy, Fires. Ed.

Himalaya publishing house, Nagpur.7. Microbiology-A laboratory manual, Cappuccino & Sherman, 6th Ed, Pearson Education.8. Pharmaceutical Microbiology-Purohit9. Pharmaceutical Microbiology – W.B.Hugo.


Cluster Elective I; Paper- VIII (1) CMBT-602 C BIOINFORMATICS


UNIT-1 No. of Hours: 6RDBMS- Definition of relational databaseMode of data transfer (FTP, SFTP, SCP), advantage of encrypted data transfer.

UNIT-II No. of Hours: 7Bio-informatics – Its Definitions, Introduction, History. Bioinformatics – Objectives,Applications, Its need, Scope, Careers, Bioinformatics scenario in India & the rest of the world.Sequences used in Bioinformatics- DNA, Protein, RNA. Dawn of sequencing. Briefunderstanding of the DNA, Protein, RNA molecules.

UNIT-III No. of Hours: 7Local and Global Sequence alignment, pair wise and multiple sequence alignment. Scoringan alignment, scoring matrices. Types of phylogenetic trees, Different approaches ofphylogenetic tree construction – UPGMA, Neighbor joining, Maximum Parsimony, Maximumlikelihood

UNIT-IV No. of Hours: 7 Local and Global Sequence alignment, pair wise and multiple sequence alignment. Scoring analignment, scoring matrices, Types of phylogenetic trees, Different approaches of phylogenetictree construction – UPGMA, Neighbor joining, Maximum Parsimony, Maximumlikelihood

UNIT-V No. of Hours: 4 Diversity of Genomes: Viral, prokaryotic & eukaryotic genomesGenome, transcriptome, .proteome, 2-D, gel electrophoresis, Maldi Toff spectroscopy Major features of completed genomes: E.coli, S.cerevisiae , Human.Hierarchy of protein structure – primary, secondary and tertiary structures, modellingStructural Classes, Motifs, Folds and Domains.Protein structure prediction in presence and absence of structure template

MBT-602 C BIOINFORMATICS

TOTAL HOURS: 36 CREDITS: 31. Introduction to different operating systems – UNIX, LINUX and Windows 2. Introduction to bioinformatics databases (any three): NCBI3. Sequence retrieval using BLAST4. Sequence alignment & phylogenetic analysis using clustal W & Phylip.5. Picking out a given gene from genomes using Genscan or other softwares (promoter

region identification, repeat in genome, ORF prediction). Gene finding tools (Glimmer,GENSCAN), Primer designing, Genscan / Genetool.

6. Protein structure prediction: primary structure analysis, secondary structure predictionusing psi-pred, homology modeling using Swissmodel.

7. Prediction of different features of a functional gene.

SUGGESTED READING

1. Andreas (2004) Bioinformatics- A Practical guide to the analysis of genes & protein 2ndED Baxevanis and Francis Ouellette.

2. Christian Crumlish the internet (1999). BPB publications.3. K. Mani & N. Vijayaraj Bioinformatics for the beginners4. Lesk M.A.(2008) Introduction to Bioinformatics. Oxford Publication, 3rd International

Student Edition5. Pennington & Dunn (2002) Proteomics; Viva books publishers, New Delhi6. Preeti (2007) Foundations of Computing, 4th ed. BPB Publications7. Primrose and Twyman (2003) Principles of Genome Analysis & Genomics Blackwell8. Rastogi S.C., Mendiratta N. And Rastogi P. (2007) Bioinformatics: methods and

applications, genomics, proteomics and drug discovery, 2nd ed. Prentice Hall IndiaPublication

9. Saxena Sanjay (2003) A First Course in computers, Vikas Publishing House Pradeepand Sinha

10. T.K. Altwood, D.J. Parry-smith (2004) Introduction to Bioinformatics Pears Education.


Cluster Elective II ; Paper- VIII (1I) AMBT-603 A MICROBES IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE


UNIT-1 No. of Hours: 8Soli as Microbial Habitat, Soil properties. Diversity and distribution of microorganisms in soli.Mineralization of cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin, phosphate, nitrate

UNIT-II No. of Hours: 6Carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, nitric oxide-production and control

UNIT-III No. of Hours: 6Bio control mechanisms- microorganisms used as bio control agents against Microbial plantpathogens, Insects, Weeds.

UNIT-IV No. of Hours: 8 Plant growth promoting bacteria, bio fertilizers –symbiotic (Bradyrhizobium, Rhizobium,Frankia ), Non Symbiotic ( Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Mycorrhizae, MHBs, Phosphatesolubilizers, algae). Novel combination of microbes as bio fertilizers, PGPRs

UNIT-V No. of Hours: 6 Biotech feed, Silage, Bio manure, biogas, bio fuels,- advantages and processing parameters.Advantages, social and environmental aspects of GM crops, Bt crops, golden rice,transgenic animals.

Cluster Elective : MBP-603 A MICROBES IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE

TOTAL HOURS: 36 CREDITS: 21. Study of soil profile. 2. Study of micro flora of different types of soils3. Rhizobium as soil inoculants characteristics and field application4. Azotobacter as soil inoculants characteristics and field application5. Design and functioning of a biogas plant6. Isolation of cellulose degrading organisms

SUGGESTED READING

1. Agrios GN.(2006). Plant Pathology. 5th edition. Academic press, San Diego. 2. Singh RS. (1998). Plant Diseases Management. 7th edition. Oxford & IBH, New

Delhi.3. Glick BR, Pasternak JJ, and patten CL(2010) Molecular Biotechnology 4th edition,

ASM Press,4. Atlas RM and Bartha R. (2000). Microbial Ecology: Fundamentals & Applications.

4th edition. Benjamin / Cummings Science Publishing, USA5. Maier RM, Pepper IL and Gerba CP. (2009). Environmental Microbiology. 2nd

edition, Academic Press6. Barton LL & Northup DE (2011). Microbial Ecology. 1st edition, Wiley Blackwell,

USA7. Campbell RE. (1983). Microbial Ecology. Blackwell Scientific Publication, Oxford,

England8. Coyne MS. (2001). Soil Microbiology: An Exploratory Approach. Delmar Thomson

Learning9. Altman A (1998). Agriculture Biotechnology, Ist edition, Marcel decker Inc. 10. Saleem F and Shakoori AR (2012) Development of Bio insecticide, Lap Lambert

Academic Publishing GmbH KG


Cluster Elective II ; Paper- VIII (1I) BCluster Elective MBT-603 B BIOFERTILIZERS AND BIOPESTICIDES


UNIT-1 No. of Hours: 10Advantages of bio fertilizers over chemical fertilizers. Symbiotic N2 fixers: Rhizobium –Isolation, characteristics, types, inoculum production and field application, legume / pulsesplants.Frankia from Non-legumes and characterization.Cyanobacteria from Azolla, characterization, mass multiplication, Role in rice cultivation, Cropresponse, field application.

UNIT-II No. of Hours: 6Free living Azospirillum, Azospirillum, Azotobacter –isolation, characteristics, mass inoculumproduction and field application.

UNIT-III No. of Hours: 6Phosphate solubilizing microbes – Isolation, characterization, mass inoculum production, fieldapplication

UNIT-IV No. of Hours: 7 Importance of mycorrizal inoculum, types of mycorrhizae and associated plants, Massinoculum production of VAM, Field applications of Ectomycorrhizae and VAM.

UNIT-V No. of Hours: 7 General account of microbes used as bio insecticides and their advantages over syntheticpesticides. Bacillus thuringiensis - production, field applications. Viruses-NPV cultivation andfield applications.

MBP-603 B BIOFERTILIZERS AND BIOPESTICIDES


1. Isolation of Rhizobium from root nodules

2. Isolation of phosphate solubilizers from soil

3. Staining and observation of VAM

4. A Visit to bio fertilizer production unit.

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Agarwal SK (2005) Advanced Environmental Biotechnology, APH Publication.2. Kannaiyan, S. (2003). Biotechnology of Bio fertilizers, CHIPS, Texas.3. Mahindra K Rai (2005). Hand book of Microbial Bio fertilizers, The Haworth Press,

Inc. New York4. Reddy, S.M. et. al. (2002). Bioinoculants for sustainable agriculture and forestry,

Scientific Publishers.5. Salem F and Shakoori AR (2012) Development of Bio insecticide, Lap Lambert

Academic Publishing GmbH KG6. Subba Rao N.S (1995) Soli microorganisms and plant growth Oxford and IBH

Publishing co.Pvt, Ltd. New Delhi.


Cluster Elective II ; Paper- VIII (II) CMBT-603 C MUSHROOM CULTIVATION


UNIT-1 No. of Hours: 8History and scope of mushroom cultivation. Types of edible mushrooms available in India.

Mushroom morphology. Different parts of a typical mushroom & variations in mushroom

morphology. Button, Paddy straw & Oyster–General Morphology, distinguishing characteristics.

UNIT-II No. of Hours: 6Classification Based on occurrence, natural habitats, color of spores, morphology of fruiting

layers, Structure and texture of fruiting bodies. Key to differentiate edible from Poisonous

mushrooms. Economic importance of edible mushrooms.

UNIT-III No. of Hours: 10Cultivation of Button, Oyster and Paddy straw Mushrooms: Collection of raw materials, compost

& composting, spawn & spawning, cashing & case run, cropping, picking & packing, marketing

UNIT-IV No. of Hours: 6 Nutritional profile of mushrooms, health benefits of mushrooms. Mushroom Toxins and illness,

mushrooms recipes.

UNIT-V No. of Hours: 6 Effect of physical and chemical factors on the growth of mushrooms. Crop management during

spawn running, casing to mushroom period, the cropping period. Post harvest management.

Cluster Elective : MBT-603 C MUSHROOM CULTIVATION PRACTICAL

TOTAL HOURS: 36 CREDITS: 21. Microscopic and anatomical observations of different mushroom species.

2. Preparation of spawn under controlled conditions (Preparation of mother spawn in saline

bottle and polypropylene bag and their multiplication

3. Types of Compost preparation and sterilization.

4. Mushroom bed preparation – paddy straw, sugarcane trash, maize straw, banana leaves /

waste.

5. Spawning, casing, Cropping and harvesting.

6. Substrate preparation, bed preparation, spawning and cropping.

7. Diseases of mushrooms (photographs)

8. Visit to relevant Labs / Field Visits.

SUGGESTED READINGS

1. Mushroom Cultivation, Tripathi, D.P. (2005) Oxford & IBH Publishing Co.PVT. LTD,

New Delhi.

2. Mushroom Production and Processing Technology, Pathak Yadav Gour (2010) Published

by Agrobios (India)

3. A hand book of edible mushroom, S. Kannaiyan & K. Ramasamy (1980).

Today & Tomorrows printers & publishers, New Delhi

4. Handbook on mushrooms, Nita Bahl, oxford & IBH Publishing Co.

5. Marimuthu, T.Krishnamoorthy, A.S. Sivaprakasam, K and Jayarajan. R (1991) Oyster

Mushrooms, Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,

Coimbatore.

6. Swaminathan. M (1990) Food and Nutrition. Bappco, The Bangalore Printing and

Publishing Co. Ltd., No.88, Mysore Road, Bangalore – 560018

7. Tewari, Pankaj Kapoor, S.C.,(1988). Mushroom cultivation, Mittal Publications, Delhi.

474. Nita Bahl (1984- 1988)

8. Hand book of Mushrooms, II Edition, Vol. I & Vol. II. 5. Biswas, S.,M. Datta and

S.V.Ngachan. 2011.

9. Mushrooms: A Manual for Cultivation. PHI learning private Ltd., New Delhi, India.

10. Chang, S. and P.G.Miles. 2004. Mushrooms: Cultivation, nutritional value, medicinal

effect, and environmental impact. CRC Press. USA.

MODEL QUESTION PAPER FOR END SEMESTER EXAM

B. Sc Degree Course (CBCS Semester pattern)B.Sc., MICRO BIOLOGY

Time : 3 Hours Max. Marks : 75

SECTION-A 5x5=25 MarksAnswer any Five questions

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.

SECTION-BAnswer All the Questions.

UNIT-I9.

(OR)10

UNIT-II11.

(OR)12

UNIT-III13.

(OR)14

UNIT-IV15.

(OR)16.

UNIT-V

17. (OR)

18.

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VIKRAMA SIMHAPURI UNIVERSITY NELLORE B.SC., MICROBIOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY.pdfb.sc microbiology (cbcs) syllabus first year – semester- i mbt- 101 introduction to microbiology and microbial