Virtual Immersion Facility (VIF) A Training Perspective · Facilitate engineering review. ... Lutron Graphic Eye Main Unit MUX Link 1 Zone 1 MUX Link 2 MUX Link 3 Zone 2 RS232 Zone

Defence Research andDevelopment Canada

Recherche et développementpour la défense Canada Canada

Virtual Immersion Facility (VIF)A Training Perspective

28 February 2008

Defence R&D Canada • R & D pour la défense Canada

System of Systems (SoS) Section in DRDC - ValcartierSimulation and Comprehension of Complex Situation (SCSC) Group Team composed of 3 defense scientists and 1 computer support

Dr. Marielle MokhtariFrançois BernierÉric BoivinFrédéric Drolet

Who we are


SCSC aims exploiting the Synthetic Environment (SE) for DND/CF(immersive environments, virtual reality, advanced visualization, simulation, serious gaming, haptic devices)We found out that there was no high-end general purpose immersive environment in the DND/CFThen we decided to create the Virtual Immersive Facility (VIF)

Rational


Virtual Immersive Facility

Supports experimentations (or training), allows testing of applications, and provides computer infrastructures (140 m²) to many projects simultaneouslyThe CAVE is the main component; the VIF also includes manyother advanced devicesOperational since August 2006Investment of 1.5 M$

Explores the potential of advanced visualization, interactive simulation & immersive capabilities for the DND/CF

Mission

Description


Developed in 1992 at the University of Illinois at ChicagoCave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE)Immersive virtual reality environment

What is a CAVE?

Room whose walls surround a viewer with projected images(Cruz-Neira et al., 1992)“In the CAVE, you are no longer on the outside looking in but on the inside looking out” (DeFanti)


High degree of immersion by using advanced human machine interfaces (visual, haptic, tracking, odors, etc.)High degree of realismMore natural interaction with the virtual environmentHigh degree of presence (the sense of being in the virtual environment)

Main advantages


Visual Immersion - Full Field of View

Synthetic Environment 1



Visual Immersion - Full Field of View




Visual Immersion – Full Field of View




Visual Immersion - Continuous display




Visual Immersion – Perspective Matters





Visual Immersion – Perspective Matters





Visual Immersion - Continuous display






Visual Immersion – Perspective matters

Immersed perspective

External perspective


Interaction - Simulated Weapon (1)


Interaction – Hands & Other Devices (2)


The presence

Defined as the participant’s sense of “being there” in the virtual environment (Bartfield et al., 1995)Participants feel they are part of the simulated world because they forget that their perceptions are mediated by technologies (perceptual illusion of non-mediation)The most important characteristic of immersive systemsFacilitated by the immersion, the realism of the environment and natural interaction with the virtual environmentIt can be used to create stress, lost of equilibrium, fear, trigger reflex, increase concentration, motivation & interest, involvement in the situation, facilitate learning, better transmit the complexity of a situation, etc.Allows to integrate physical with cognitive aspects


Flex CAVE in Valcartier

"Holodeck" Immersive Mode

Immersive Theatre Mode

Flat Wall Mode

Reconfigurable

Virtual immersion system Flex™ by Fakespace: 3 walls and 1 floor of large size (2.4 m × 3.3 m × 3.3 m)

High intensity (8000 Lumens) and high resolution (1400×1050 pixels) stereoscopic projectors

3D realistic sound effectsReal-time user tracking

Characteristics


Approach

Focus on performance, flexibility & robustnessExploit high-end multi-screen visualization & immersion systemEmphasize on technologies integration: visualization, simulation& interactionExploit methodologies to improve application developmentRely on VR innovationsExploit gaming


Applications

Improve team-based activities by facilitating the collaboration & the development of a shared perspective (IMAGE project: team supported with interactive simulation & visualization)

Provide more realistic & flexible training capability at lower cost (e.g.: stress inoculation, sensitive site exploitation, tactical combat casualty care, foreign culture…)

Recreate the battlefield in a realistic way which can help in the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder treatment

Facilitate extraction of meaningful patterns from (massive) datasets, help to detect the expected & discover the unexpected

Improve situational awareness, mission planning / rehearsal & after action review

Facilitate engineering review


Existing training is mainly theoreticalTraining based on live simulation is very limited

Sensitive Site Exploitation

Who

ExplorationSince it is a highly spatial task, could the CAVE strengthen traditional Intelligence staff training by adding interactive experiments inside diversified, rich & realistic context-driven environments ?Focused on the technical feasibility of anticipated required functionalities : CAVE, serious gaming, scenariosDemonstrated: interaction metaphors, fast scenario development, task realism, etc.

SSE trainers

Problem


SSE – Some examples



Object Move

Sound & scripts



Object Move

Sound & scripts



Object Move

Sound & scripts


Object Move

Sound & scripts


Difficulty to train medics in an operational contextLive simulation training is too constraining

Medic Training

Who

ExplorationCould we exploit the CAVE to supplement the traditional medic (instrumented dummy) training with a combat situation ?Tested with military and civilian scenarios

Centre Medical de Simulation des FC (CFB Valcartier)

Problem


Medic Training


Immersive vs. non immersive simulations

Capt. Mike Lakatos & John Benson form the tech staffWho

Detachment level training (30 part.): 1 (CAVE) + 4 (desktop)Reinforcement to platoon operation & vehicle checkpoint operation scenarios20 days of preparation + 4 days of training

Objective

Exploration

Assess the capabilities of immersive and non-immersive simulation platforms to assist training as outlined in the Training Needs Framework (TNF)


Immersive vs. non immersive simulations

Many Interesting lessons learned (observations)Familiarization faster than with desktop “Gaming” perception: lower than on desktopImprove motivationTrigger reflexes (e.g.: crouching when shoot)Increase fatigue level but also the “switch off” levelCan easily create information overloadIncrease threat level perceptionTraining – combination of cognitive & physical levels


Knowledge Wall


VIF Points of ContactDr Marielle Mokhtari – Defence Scientist

Defence R&D Canada Valcartier(418) 844-4000 (4282)

[email protected]

François Bernier – Defence ScientistDefence R&D Canada Valcartier

(418) 844-4000 (4346) [email protected]

Éric Boivin – Defence ScientistDefence R&D Canada Valcartier

(418) 844-4000 (4394) [email protected]

Frédéric Drolet– Computer SupportDefence R&D Canada Valcartier

(418) 844-4000 (4351) [email protected]


Why not Head-Mounted Displays1 (HMD)?

Low-Cost <1k$ 25º 320x240 – 800x600

Category Price FOV Resolution Dequivalent

Professional 1-10k$ 45º 800x600 – 1280x1024

Expert 10-50k$ 60º 1024x768 – 1280x1024

50-135k$ 112º 1024x768 – 1280x1024

1. Laurendeau, D, Branzan-Albu, A., Boivin, E., Drouin, R., Martel, H., Ouellet, D., Schwartz, J.M. “Survey of the State-of-the-Art on Synthetic Environments, Sensori-Motor Activities in Synthetic Environments, Simulation Frameworks and Real-World Abstraction

Models”, Contract W7701-023981/QCA, Laval University, 2003.

30’

16’

11.5’

4.5’High Performance


CAVE Equivalent to HMD

30’

16’11.5’

4.5’

<1k$ 1-10k$ 10-50k$ 50-135k$

Ex: 25º FOV is equivalent to a user standing at 30 feet from the CAVE front screen

HMD

CAVE

HMD≈ HMD≈ HMD≈

CAVE CAVE CAVE


Resolution

Contrast

FOV

Brightness

Latency

HMDMin

640x480

75:1

24º

50 cd/m2

10-30 ms

1280x1024

HMDMax

300:1

112º

171 cd/m2

10-30 ms

CAVEDLP

4200x1050

2000:1

270º

~400 cd/m2

0 ms

3840x1024

N/A

270º

~10 cd/m2

0 ms

CAVECRT

Comparison with HMD and CRT CAVE


Development,

Test &

Control Area

Virtual Immersive Facility - Drawing

Experimentation Area

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Connection Schema

Crestron Control System

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Lutron Graphic Eye Main Unit

MUX Link 1 Zone 1

MUX Link 2

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Wall Control

Digital Audio ProcessorRS232

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KVM 4x8(UNIMUX-4X8-U)

Floor Trap connectivity

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Future Battle Commanders

with Advanced Decision Making

Capabilities

Combination of advanced visualization & interaction techniques and simulation tools → To support commander’s need for mission planning/rehearsal, SA & AAR and to assist commanders in their

decision-making process.

Combination of advanced visualization & interaction techniques and simulation tools → To support commander’s need for mission planning/rehearsal, SA & AAR and to assist commanders in their

decision-making process.

“ What if a commander could virtually step into an actual operational environment before sending troops in? What if he could plan his entire mission by walking through each step & manoeuvre, pointing out the most probable point of retaliation? By bringing resources such as Google Earth & using the latest in gaming technology, it is possible to develop the future of battle command planning... ”

“ What if a commander could virtually step into an actual operational environment before sending troops in? What if he could plan his entire mission by walking through each step & manoeuvre, pointing out the most probable point of retaliation? By bringing resources such as Google Earth & using the latest in gaming technology, it is possible to develop the future of battle command planning... ”


Existing Limitations – (1) Applications can generate easily 3D models of the battlefield → …display on 2D monitors. (2) Huge of information to understand, manipulate & structure → …display on (small) 2D monitors. (3) No easy way to interact with a running simulation in order to change parameters value at one specific point to rapidly see the impact…→ Need of an “advanced” capability to “immerse” commanders in a SE supporting interaction – visualization - simulation (& modeling).

Idea - Simultaneously increase the overall comprehension of situation | information through simulation & intuitive visualization and improve the mechanisms for user perception | interaction.

Expected Outcome - Improve future commanders’ ability to make (C2) decisions by permitting interactive & dynamic virtual 3D course of action analysis, mission rehearsals, and mission planning so they may act decisively in the face of quickly changing circumstances.

Existing Limitations – (1) Applications can generate easily 3D models of the battlefield → …display on 2D monitors. (2) Huge of information to understand, manipulate & structure → …display on (small) 2D monitors. (3) No easy way to interact with a running simulation in order to change parameters value at one specific point to rapidly see the impact…→ Need of an “advanced” capability to “immerse” commanders in a SE supporting interaction – visualization - simulation (& modeling).

Idea - Simultaneously increase the overall comprehension of situation | information through simulation & intuitive visualization and improve the mechanisms for user perception | interaction.

Expected Outcome - Improve future commanders’ ability to make (C2) decisions by permitting interactive & dynamic virtual 3D course of action analysis, mission rehearsals, and mission planning so they may act decisively in the face of quickly changing circumstances.

Context


(Large scale) immersive environments are considered beneficial for data analysis & visualization.→ Increase the volume of data available to commander but improve perception of these data.

(Large scale) immersive environments are considered beneficial for data analysis & visualization.→ Increase the volume of data available to commander but improve perception of these data.

“Interactive simulation” – Human-in-the-loop→ Improve the commander’s ability to control, to act upon the simulation, then to control, to act upon scenario & models.

“Interactive simulation” – Human-in-the-loop→ Improve the commander’s ability to control, to act upon the simulation, then to control, to act upon scenario & models.

Immersive 3D visualization stereoscopic technologies→ Improve the commander’s ability to comprehend this avalanche of information and act upon it quickly & decisively.

Immersive 3D visualization stereoscopic technologies→ Improve the commander’s ability to comprehend this avalanche of information and act upon it quickly & decisively.

Adequacy


Immersive view of a fictitious replica of a specific site enables commanders to comprehend complex environment that his troops face during operations (intuitive & efficient 3D exploration of, navigation in, learning about).

Using a combination of technological innovations in simulation, visualization & interaction, commanders can quickly gain an understanding of evolving situations, explore their options and communicate their plans.

Immersive view of a fictitious replica of a specific site enables commanders to comprehend complex environment that his troops face during operations (intuitive & efficient 3D exploration of, navigation in, learning about).

Using a combination of technological innovations in simulation, visualization & interaction, commanders can quickly gain an understanding of evolving situations, explore their options and communicate their plans.

3D virtual representations of battle scenarios provide commanders with a more reliable & accurate means of viewing information on the battlefield (in RT). Scenario simulation control adds a new dimension in the understanding of the situation.

3D virtual representations of battle scenarios provide commanders with a more reliable & accurate means of viewing information on the battlefield (in RT). Scenario simulation control adds a new dimension in the understanding of the situation.


The U.S. Army Communications Electronics Research Development & Engineering Command (CERDEC) Command & Control Directorate (C2D) has developed immersive C2 applications to support the future commander’s ability to make decisions faster & more accurately.

The U.S. Army Communications Electronics Research Development & Engineering Command (CERDEC) Command & Control Directorate (C2D) has developed immersive C2 applications to support the future commander’s ability to make decisions faster & more accurately.

R&D in the application of immersive technologies & advanced visualization techniques → To assist commanders in their decision-making process

R&D in the application of immersive technologies & advanced visualization techniques → To assist commanders in their decision-making process

C2 Applications – Basic functionalities→ Terrain models that provide the 3D simulation of the modeled area;→ User interface that permits selection of the operating mode: live or playback;→ Event Data Manager which receives, stores & forwards tactical messages;→ Presentation software which displays the scenes & permits the user to interact with the immersive environment

C2 Applications – Basic functionalities→ Terrain models that provide the 3D simulation of the modeled area;→ User interface that permits selection of the operating mode: live or playback;→ Event Data Manager which receives, stores & forwards tactical messages;→ Presentation software which displays the scenes & permits the user to interact with the immersive environment

U.S Activities –CERDEC C2D CAVE Lab.


Mission Planning & Execution -Soldiers response to technologyMission Planning & Execution -Soldiers response to technology

→ On the morning of the MOUT mission, the Platoon Sergeant was confident in the locations of the buildings of interest in the area & knew where his soldiers & unmanned assets were to be placed. This technology provided an excellent tool for the soldiers to become familiar with the layout of the MOUT site.

→ On the morning of the MOUT mission, the Platoon Sergeant was confident in the locations of the buildings of interest in the area & knew where his soldiers & unmanned assets were to be placed. This technology provided an excellent tool for the soldiers to become familiar with the layout of the MOUT site.

→ Three leaders stated that the planning session was a great benefit to their planning. The Platoon Leader estimated that the technology improved his planning capabilities by 75%. The Platoon Sergeant stated that the technology is outstanding if it is accurate and up to date. He thought the colors & shapes of the buildings & the layout of the streets was very helpful. His estimate of how this improved their planning was 70%. The Robotics NCO estimated that the ROVR planning was 80% better than using a sand table.

→ Three leaders stated that the planning session was a great benefit to their planning. The Platoon Leader estimated that the technology improved his planning capabilities by 75%. The Platoon Sergeant stated that the technology is outstanding if it is accurate and up to date. He thought the colors & shapes of the buildings & the layout of the streets was very helpful. His estimate of how this improved their planning was 70%. The Robotics NCO estimated that the ROVR planning was 80% better than using a sand table.

U.S Activities –C4ISR On-The-Move 2006 Experiment


Obtain a general view/orientation of the layout of the MOUT;Identify suspected enemy strongholds & safe houses;Determine the best locations to place UGS;Identify potential sniper positions;From an aerial view –

Identify routes leading into & out of the MOUT site;By freely navigating within the environment, use a bird-eye view of the

MOUT street layout for improved orientation;Based on intelligence reports, predict where enemy forces would enter the

site & able to determine approximate locations for UGS;Closer look at the terrain –

navigate down to a dismount or first person perspective street level for a closer inspection (buildings, streets, configuration of a square…)

walk through the streets to determine best routes, identify specific buildings & identify any obstacles that may impede | interrupt movements of troops

walk around the suspected enemy safe houses and strongholds to determine entrance ways, windows & learn characteristics of each building …

able to identify a foothold, to learn the general layout of this location and to identify routes of ingress and egress to/from the building….

(Hypothesis) Mission Planning Session - MOUT

dcd03f ver.(06-1999)

SANS CLASSIFICATION COTE DE SÉCURITÉ DE LA FORMULE

(plus haut niveau du titre, du résumé ou des mots-clefs)

FICHE DE CONTRÔLE DU DOCUMENT

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2. COTE DE SÉCURITÉ (y compris les notices d’avertissement, s’il y a lieu) Sans classification

3. TITRE (Indiquer la cote de sécurité au moyen de l’abréviation (S, C, R ou U) mise entre parenthèses, immédiatement après le titre.) Virtual Immersive Facility - A Training Perspective

4. AUTEURS (Nom de famille, prénom et initiales. Indiquer les grades militaires, ex.: Bleau, Maj. Louis E.) BERNIER, F., Boivin, E., Mokhtari, M.,

5. DATE DE PUBLICATION DU DOCUMENT (mois et année) 2008

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Présentation

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N/A

11. ACCÈS AU DOCUMENT (Toutes les restrictions concernant une diffusion plus ample du document, autres que celles inhérentes à la cote de sécurité.)

Diffusion illimitée Diffusion limitée aux entrepreneurs des pays suivants (spécifier) Diffusion limitée aux entrepreneurs canadiens (avec une justification) Diffusion limitée aux organismes gouvernementaux (avec une justification) Diffusion limitée aux ministères de la Défense Autres

12. ANNONCE DU DOCUMENT (Toutes les restrictions à l’annonce bibliographique de ce document. Cela correspond, en principe, aux données d’accès au document (11). Lorsqu’une diffusion supplémentaire (à d’autres organismes que ceux précisés à la case 11) est possible, on pourra élargir le cercle de diffusion de l’annonce.)

SANS CLASSIFICATION

COTE DE LA SÉCURITÉ DE LA FORMULE (plus haut niveau du titre, du résumé ou des mots-clefs)

dcd03f ver.(06-1999)

SANS CLASSIFICATION COTE DE LA SÉCURITÉ DE LA FORMULE


13. SOMMAIRE (Un résumé clair et concis du document. Les renseignements peuvent aussi figurer ailleurs dans le document. Il est souhaitable que le sommaire des documents classifiés soit non classifié. Il faut inscrire au commencement de chaque paragraphe du sommaire la cote de sécurité applicable aux renseignements qui s’y trouvent, à moins que le document lui-même soit non classifié. Se servir des lettres suivantes: (S), (C), (R) ou (U). Il n’est pas nécessaire de fournir ici des sommaires dans les deux langues officielles à moins que le document soit bilingue.)

This document presents the Virtual Immersive Facility in DRDC Valcartier, some of its technologies and how it can improve the training in the CF. Some exploratory projects are also presented.

14. MOTS-CLÉS, DESCRIPTEURS OU RENSEIGNEMENTS SPÉCIAUX (Expressions ou mots significatifs du point de vue technique, qui caractérisent un document et peuvent aider à le cataloguer. Il faut choisir des termes qui n’exigent pas de cote de sécurité. Des renseignements tels que le modèle de l’équipement, la marque de fabrique, le nom de code du projet militaire, la situation géographique, peuvent servir de mots-clés. Si possible, on doit choisir des mots-clés d’un thésaurus, par exemple le “Thesaurus of Engineering and Scientific Terms (TESTS)”. Nommer ce thésaurus. Si l’on ne peut pas trouver de termes non classifiés, il faut indiquer la classification de chaque terme comme on le fait avec le titre.)

Virtual Immersive Facility, Presence, Immersion,Training

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COTE DE SÉCURITÉ DE LA FORMULE


Documents

Virtual Immersion Facility (VIF) A Training Perspective · Facilitate engineering review. ... Lutron Graphic Eye Main Unit MUX Link 1 Zone 1 MUX Link 2 MUX Link 3 Zone 2 RS232 Zone