Vision 2020-Fossil Fuel Free India

8/14/2019 Vision 2020-Fossil Fuel Free India

1/17

Vision 2020-Fossil FuelFree India-Biofuel

Oriental Institute of Management

Ashwin Rao(MMS-1)Debdeep Ghosh(MMS-2)


2/17

Fossil fuel.

Fossil fuels or mineral fuels are fossil source fuels , that is, carbon or hydrocarbons found in the earths crust .Fossil fuels are non-renewable resources because they take millions of years to form, and reserves are being depleted much faster than newones are being formed.The burning of fossil fuels produces around 21.3 billion tons (21.3gigatons ) of carbon dioxide per year, Carbon dioxide is one of thegreenhouse gases that enhances radiative forcing and contributes toglobal warming

Coal
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_%28geology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_resourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigatonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiative_forcinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiative_forcinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warminghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiative_forcinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiative_forcinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_dioxidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigatonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_resourceshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crust_%28geology%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel


3/17

Global Carbon dioxide emission


4/17

Biofuel..Vision 2020

Biofuel is defined as solid, liquid or gaseous fuel derived from relatively recentlydead biological material and is distinguished from fossil fuels , which arederived from long dead biological material .

There are two common strategies of producing liquid and gaseous agrofuels.One is to grow crops high in sugar ( sugar cane , sugar beet ) and then use yeast fermentation to produce ethyl alcohol ( ethanol ).The second is to grow plants that contain high amounts of vegetable oil , such asoil palm , soybean , algae , jatropha , or pongamia pinnata .

When these oils are heated, their viscosity is reduced, and they can be burneddirectly in a diesel engine , or they can be chemically processed to produce fuelssuch as biodiesel .

The railway line between Mumbai and Delhi is planted with Jatropha and the

train itself runs on 15-20% biodiesel .

Jatropha
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_materialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_canehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_beethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetable_oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_palmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soybeanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatrophahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pongamia_pinnatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodieselhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodieselhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_transporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biodieselhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_enginehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pongamia_pinnatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pongamia_pinnatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pongamia_pinnatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatrophahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soybeanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_palmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vegetable_oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermentationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_beethttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_canehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petroleumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_materialhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuel


5/17

Concept FeasibilityBiofuelCurrently almost 70% of Indias crude oil requirement is imported, which is

expected to increase to 90% by 2020 . This, coupled with the price volatility of oil, which has been fluctuating fromthe current $40 a barrel to $147 a barrel in the recent past, may lead to

biofuels playing an important role in reducing our dependence on imports infuture.

Three important reasons supporting BiofuelBioethanol industry

Biodiesel Industry

Biofuels from Algae


6/17

Bioethanol IndustryIn 2006 , India was the fourth largest producer of ethanol , after the US,Brazil, and China. Though India has been producing bio-ethanol in significantquantities, it is being used for the manufacture of beverage and industrial alcoholbecause of higher returns.

This has been a major roadblock in producing fuel-grade ethanol . However,keeping in mind the government mandate and the demand it will create

The government has mandated 5% ethanol-doping in nine states, which has notbeen met due to supply shortage.

The cost of production of ethanol from molasses hovers around Rs 17 per liter.

Sugarbeet soon to be producedinto ethanol


7/17

The Biodiesel IndustryJatropha is the preferred feedstock for production of biodiesel in India.

This is because it is non-edible and has a smaller gestation period of two tothree years, compared to other plants.

The largest of plantations have happened only in the last two to three years. Soyou can expect sizable yields by 2010-11.

An advantage with biodiesel is that it can be used in stationary engines directly.

It can also prove to be very useful for agricultural purposes, where a lot of stationary engines are used for producing energy.

For a small biodiesel plant, producing 500 liters , the investment could be aslittle as Rs 50 lakh . The cost of production per liter is somewhere around Rs 24

to 30 , depending on the plantation density and logistics


8/17

Biofuels from Algae

Algae as a source of biodiesel looks promising according to experts .

Reasons

Firstly, one of the nutrients for algal production is carbon dioxide. Therefore,producing biofuel from algae will help reduce carbon emission.

Secondly, India has a very long coast line, which can be beneficial is growingmarine algae on a large scale. Some countries like Holland, US and Australia,have already started pilot projects.


9/17

Projected Demand for Petrol andDiesel, and Biofuel Requirements

16.728.364.1883.583.281.640.8216.42016-17

13.386.693.3566.912.571.290.6412.852011-12

10.465.232.6252.322.011.010.510.072006-07

@20%

@10%

@5%

@20%

@10%

@5%

Biodieselblendingrequirement(inmetrictons)

Dieseldemand(Mt)

Ethanolblendingrequirement(in metrictons)

Petroldemand(Mt)

Year


10/17

Global Market Survey


11/17

Global market perspectiveIn the year 2007, there were only 20 oil producing nations supplying the needs of over 200 nations.

By the year 2020, more than 200 nations will become biodiesel producingnations and suppliers.

The world is entering a new era of participation by emerging market nations inglobal green energy production for transport fuels.

Conclusion from above analysisThe biodiesel industry is entering a new era of transition to alternativefeedstocks, emerging technologies, and revised government policies favoring

sustainable feedstocks and fuels.

Each of these transitions offers considerable challenges and growthopportunities for biodiesel developers, producers, feedstock producers, andentrepreneurs .


12/17


13/17

Cost and Return Scenario.contd

Vegetable oil price = 520 per ton=Rs 30420

Methanol price = 265 per ton=Rs 15502

1 euro = 1.17 US dollars

Profit =14.92 crores

223.86Total Cost

9.94Variable Costs Equal toFixed Costs

9.94Rs 175.55 cr investmentamortized over 10 yearsat 10 percent interest.

Undetermined amount of HCl included in variablecosts.

Undetermined amount of NaOH included invariable costs.

9.396,000 tons methanol Rs15502/ton

185.2560,900 tons vegetable oil@ Rs 30420/ton

Rs incrores

Expenses


14/17

Operational Process

CHEMISTRY BEHIND BIOFUEL PRODUCTION NaOHMethanol + Vegetable Oil Methyl Ester + Glycerine + free fatty acid +waste100 parts 1015 parts 1000 part 100 parts

OPERATIONAL PROCESS TO BE OPTED

Ultrasonication increases the chemical reaction speed and yield of thetransesterification of vegetable oils and animal fats into biodiesel. This allowschanging the production from batch processing to continuous flow processingand it reduces investment and operational costs


15/17

Biodiesel production by Ultrasonification Process

the vegetable oil or animal fat is being mixedwith the methanol (which makes methylesters) or ethanol (for ethyl esters) andsodium or potassium methoxide or hydroxide

the mix is heated, e.g. to temperaturesbetween 45 and 65degCthe heated mix is being sonicated inline

glycerin is separated from the biodiesel

the converted biodiesel is washed with water

992kW, e.g. 62xUIP16000200 to 700m/hr

96kW, e.g. 6xUIP1600020 to 70m/hr

16kW, e.g. 4xUIP40003 to 12m/hr

4kW, e.g. 4xUIP1000800 to 3000L/hr

1kW, e.g. UIP1000200 to 750L/hr

Required PowerFlow Rate
http://www.hielscher.com/ultrasonics/i16000_p.htmhttp://www.hielscher.com/ultrasonics/i16000_p.htmhttp://www.hielscher.com/ultrasonics/i16000_p.htmhttp://www.hielscher.com/ultrasonics/i16000_p.htmhttp://www.hielscher.com/ultrasonics/i4000_p.htmhttp://www.hielscher.com/ultrasonics/i1000_p.htmhttp://www.hielscher.com/ultrasonics/i1000_p.htmhttp://www.hielscher.com/ultrasonics/i1000_p.htmhttp://www.hielscher.com/ultrasonics/i1000_p.htmhttp://www.hielscher.com/ultrasonics/i1000_p.htmhttp://www.hielscher.com/ultrasonics/i1000_p.htmhttp://www.hielscher.com/ultrasonics/i4000_p.htmhttp://www.hielscher.com/ultrasonics/i16000_p.htmhttp://www.hielscher.com/ultrasonics/i16000_p.htm


16/17

Status of biodiesel in India(Jatropha) & Conclusion.

81hectare land has been finalized at gujrat for cultivation of jatropha.

M/s DAIMLERCHRYSLER is working on Biodiesel powered car has alreadytaken over west land at gujrat and orissa for cultivation of jatropha and futureprojects for development of biodiesel as an alternate fuel in India

It will also result in production of 0.4 million tons of technical grade glycerol as abyproduct

The use of biomass fuels can therefore contribute to waste management as wellas fuel security and help to prevent global warming, though alone they are not a

comprehensive solution to these problems.

Considering the above points it can be concluded that biofuel has to be thealternative fuel for VISION 2020 FOSSIL FUEL FREE INDIA.


17/17

Thank you

Documents

Vision 2020-Fossil Fuel Free India