Visual Testing

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Lavender International Online Assessments: Visual Testing: Module 11-1:

Principles & Theory of Method

© Copyright 2000. Lavender International Online Assessments are copyrighted and may only be used for personal use. Your use of the assessments signifies your acknowledgement of this fact and full understanding of the website Terms and Conditions.

1. What term is used to decribe the emission of visible light which has a longer wave length than the incident radiation upon a body?

Photo Emission

Conduction

Fluoresecence

Luminosity

2. If the focus of an object focuses beyond the retina of a specific inspector, the inspector is said to have what type of vision?

Long sight

Short sight

Hypermetropia

20/20 vision

Long sight and Hypermetropia

3. From what minimum distance are far vision examinations carried out?

1 metre

30 feet

15 feet

6 metres

4. Which of the following colour vision deficiencies relates to green lacking

Protanopia

Deuetanopia

Trainopia

Tetratanopia

5. How far from the retina would the ideal eyeglass plane be?

17 mm

30 mm

21 mm

10 mm

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Page 1 of 4Lavender International: Visual Testing Assessments: Module 11-1

9/19/2001http://www.lavender-ndt.com/assessments/vt/module11-1.html

6. What is the name given to ultraviolet radiation below 185 nm which is absorbed by air?

Vacuum

Non-existent

Short-wave

Electrolux

7. Which of the following most closely a grey body by exhibiting very nearly uniform emissuity?

Electric arc from TIG gun

A carbon filament in the visible region

Tungsten filament

Xenon short arc search light

8. What is the maximum angle from normal for acrrying out visual inspection?

30 degrees

45 degrees

60 degrees

80 degrees

9. As the human eye becomes older which region of wavelength becomes increasingly more absorbed?

Blue

Green

Yellow

Red

10. What term is used to determine acuity measurements with a moving target?

Reserve vision acuity

Saccadic movement

Moving vision acuity

Kinetic vision acuity

11. Which colours are recommended in particluar for the work areas in which high noise levels and heavy physical exertion are common?

Yellow

Blue

Orange

Red

12. Which of the following will reduce the glare from a light source?

Reduce the angle between light source and eye

Increase the light source

Reduce the background light around the glare source

Increase the angle between light source and eye

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Reduce the background light around the glare source and increase the angle between light source and eye

None of the above reduces glare

13. What is the velocity of all fomrs of radient energy travelling in a vacuum?

299793 miles per second

3 x 106 metres per second

299793 kilometres per second

186282 kilometres per second

14. When using direct visual examination what size black line on an 18 percent neutral grey flat uniform background is usually considered acceptance for a single line detection test?

750 microns

1000 microns

30 mil

50 mil

750 microns and 30 mil

15. Dirt on the surface of an item to be visually inspected can cause which of the following?

Mask actual flaws

Obstruct Vision

Create false indications

Mask actual flaws and create false indications

Any of the above

16. When viewing a test surface from around 300 mm what is the best resolution of two objects on that surface which can be expected?

0.18 mm

0.09 mm

0.007 inch

0.27 inch

17. Generally what is the minimum white light intensity which should be used for critical examinations detect fine details?

1000 lux

300 ftc

500 lux

150 ftc

18. Which of the following would be a correct definition of the nanometer?

10 x 10-9 meters

1 x 10-8 meters

10 x 10-10 meters

10 x 10-8 meters

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19. Which of the following laws state that light flux striking a surface at angles other than normal is distributed over a greater area?

Lambert cosine law

Inverse square law

Cosine cubed law

Boyles law

20. Which of the following equations shows the lambert cosine law?

E = (I cos3 theta) / a 2

E = I / d2

E = (I / d2) cos theta

E = (I2 / d) cos theta

> Check Your Answers

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Here are your corrections:

1. Fluoresecence 2. Long sight and Hypermetropia 3. 6 metres 4. Deuetanopia 5. 21 mm 6. Vacuum 7. A carbon filament in the visible region 8. 60 degrees 9. Blue 10. Kinetic vision acuity 11. Blue 12. Increase the angle between light source and eye 13. 299793 kilometres per second 14. 750 microns and 30 mil 15. Any of the above 16. 0.09 mm 17. 500 lux 18. 10 x 10-10 meters 19. Lambert cosine law 20. E = (I / d2) cos theta





Equipment & Materials

© Copyright 2000. Lavender International Online Assessments are copyrighted and may only be used for personal use. Your use of the asessments signifies your acknowledgement of this fact and full understanding of the website Terms and Conditions.

1. A Goniometer is a type of which of the following measuring devices?

Radiometer

Photometer

Refelectometer

Photomultiplier Tube

2. An electron microscope can be used to study structures down to a sensitivity of which of the following?

Wavelength of visible light

10 angstroms

Wave length of infra red radiation

Wave length of uv-c radiation

3. What type of magnifier lens is housed in a simple surface comparator?

Triplet x 50

Doublet x 10

Doublet x 3.5

Triplet x 10

4. Which type of microscope uses the wavelength light as a unit of measure for surface contours and characteristics?

Interference microscope

Polarizing microscope

Phase contrast microscope

Metallographic wide field microscope

5. The fibres which are used in the image guide of a videoboroscope need to be kept in which of the following bundles?

Incoherent bundle 30 microns diameter

Coherent bundle 30 microns diameter

Coherent bundle 9 microns diameter

Incoherent bundle 9 microns diameter

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6. The contrast rings which are attached to the electrical cord on a rigid boroscope serve which of the following purposes?

Viewing at 90 degrees to the forward direction

360 degrees rotation of the scope

Greater depth of field

Help hold the lens system rigid

7. For what purposes are neutral density filters used?

Transmission of electromagnetic waves below a set threshold

To block out radiation except for visible wavelength

Transmission of electromagnetic waves above a set threshold

To attenuate a light level from a source which is difficult to control

8. Which of the following filter types smooths abrupt transitions in an image to give a better picture?

Low pass spatial filter

High pass spatial filter

Media spatial filter

Neutral density filter

9. The topography of a fracture surface can be replicated and analysed using cellulose acetate tape with a transition electron microscope up to what maximum magnification?

10000 x

50000 x

500 x

25000 x

10. Which of the following acids which could be used to etch the surface of metals need to be contained within inert plastic containers?

Hydrochloric acid

Suplhuric acid

Nitric acid

All of the above

11. Which of the following detection devices works on the principle that change in resistance of the cell can be detected?

Photo emissive

Charged coupled device

Photo conductive

Photo voltaic

12. Which of the following films would require the least light?

400 A.S.A.

1000 A.S.A.

200 A.S.A.

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100 A.S.A.

13. Which of the following could be measured with a cambridge weld guage?

Excessive re-inforcement

Weld preparation angle

Undercut

All of the above

Excessive re-inforcement and Undercut only

14. Which of the following would calculate the theoretical throat?

Leg length x 1.41

Leg length x 0.707

Leg length / 1.14

Leg length / 0.707

15. When using light emitting diodes on a video borocsope to produce a black and whit image, which colour is most likely to be used due to response and intensity?

Blue

Yellow

Red

Green

16. Which of the following cameras would be the preferred choice for operation within a high radiation environment?

Charge couple device

Vidicon tube

Orthicon tube

Metal oxide semiconductor

17. Which of the following replicating materials would be best used to produce an impression of a relatively rough surface?

Cellulose acetate

Clay

Silicone rubber

All could be used

18. What is the replica called which is made from the first cast of an impression such as footprint?

Single stage

Second stage

Positive

Negative

Single stage and second stage

Positive and Negative

19. If a replica made from cellulose acetate is to be viewed under a scanning electron microscope with

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which of the following materials are the replicas coated to prevent electron charging?

Nickel

Cobalt

Gold

Iron

Nickel and Cobalt

20. In which of the following forms are temperature indicatiing materials available?

Pellets

Crayon stick

Organic liquids

All forms above are available


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1. Photometer 2. 10 angstroms 3. Triplet x 10 4. Interference microscope 5. Coherent bundle 9 microns diameter 6. 360 degrees rotation of the scope 7. To attenuate a light level from a source which is difficult to control 8. Low pass spatial filter 9. 50000 x 10. Nitric acid 11. Photo conductive 12. 1000 A.S.A. 13. All of the above 14. Leg length x 0.707 15. Red 16. Vidicon tube 17. Silicone rubber 18. Positive and Negative 19. Gold 20. All forms above are available





Product Technology Evaluation & Interpretation Level III


1. When considering steel which of the following determines the elastic deflection under loading?

Carbon content

Components section

Iron content

All of the above

2. Which of the following steels would have the steepest gradient within the elastic range of stress / strain curve?

0.1% carbon steel

0.5% carbon steel

1.2% carbon steel

All would have the same gradient

3. Which of the following metals do not usually conform to Hooks Law within the elastic range?

Gray cast iron

Sintered metals

Mild steel

All the above

Gray cast iron and sintered metals only

4. When inspecting two stationary surfaces which are in intimate contact with each other a brown debris is observed. If the materials in contact are ferrous based what mechanism could have caused this type of wearing?

Adhesive wear

Gouging wear

Fretting wear

Erosive wear

5. Which type of wear is caused by particles under high pressure cutting small grooves on a surface at low speeds?

Grinding wear

Abrasive wear

Erosive wear

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Gouging wear

6. Hadfields steel is a material used in the production of bucket teeth and rock crushers due to its resistance against gouging wear. What type of material is it made from??

Ferritic mangenese steel

Austentic mangenese steel

Martensitis molybdenum steel

Austenitic molybdenum steel

7. On inspection of a diesel engine cylinder line numerous small pits were observed ranging in size from a pin head to approximately 3 mm in diameter. The pits seem to be located in clusters and on subsequent inspection other liners show similar indications. What is the most likely reason for the production of such pitting??

Contact fatigue

Galvanic corrosion

Cavitation fatigue

Fretting wear

8. Which of the following metals would be most anodic with respect to galvanic corrosion??

Platinum

Magnesium

Zinc

Aluminium

9. Which of the following could describe stress corrosion cracking?

Brittle fracture

Transgranular fracture

Intergranular fracture

All of the above

Brittle fracture and transgranular fracture only

10. The following is a definition: An equilibrium condition between the mechanism's of work hardening and recovery when metal is stretching under tension. Which of the following is correct??

Primary creep

Secondary creep

Tertiary creep

None of the above

11. Heat checks are caused by which of the following mechanisms?

Cyclic mechanical stress

Cyclic thermal stress

Both of the above

Heat checks are not stress related

12. Delta ferrite which occurs in pure iron at temperatures between 1390 degrees celsius and 1534

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degrees celsius has which of the following crystalline structures? require the least light?

Body centred tetragonal

Face centred cubic

Body centred cubic

Hexagonal close packed

13. Hardenability is a function of which of the following?

Carbon content

The ease which martensite forms

Chromium content

Carbon content and the ease which martensite forms

14. Which of the following conditions could occur due to drawing of a metal?

Floppers / ridges

Fluting

Stretcher stains

Orange peel surface

Floppers / ridges and fluting

Stretcher stains and orange peel surface

15. Which of the following tests is most likely to be carried out to determine if babbited material has seperated from its backing within a pump?

Radiography

Ultrasonics

Magnetic particle

Liquid penetrant

Any of the above

16. Which of the following would be considered filler metal properties for braze material?

Liquids above 250 degrees celsius solidus below base metal




17. When using shielded metal arc welding in the vertical position which of the following induces metal transfer?

Gravity

Gas expansion

Electromagnetic forces

All the above

Gas expansion and electromagnetic forces only

18. When procedural sampling methods are used what is the correct term for a sampling process where every seventh item is tested?

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Random partial samples

Specific partial sampling

Specific compelete smapling

Partial sampling

19. Simultaneous carburization and oxidation of nickel chromium stainless steels may give rise to type of attack?

Sensitization

Crevice corrosion

Green rot

Cavitation fatigue

20. Which of the following colour film speeds would be used when there is a need to observe very fine detail on the final print?

16 din

25 asa

1000 asa

31 din


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1. Components section 2. All would have the same gradient 3. Gray cast iron and sintered metals only 4. Fretting wear 5. Grinding wear 6. Austentic mangenese steel 7. Cavitation fatigue 8. Magnesium 9. All of the above 10. Secondary creep 11. Cyclic thermal stress 12. Body centred cubic 13. The ease which martensite forms 14. Stretcher stains and orange peel surface 15. Liquid penetrant 16. Liquids above 450 degrees celsius solidus below base metal 17. Gas expansion and electromagnetic forces only 18. Specific partial sampling 19. Green rot 20. 25 asa





Using Specific Applications In Various Industrial Sectors Level III


1. When checking for imperfections on rolled slabs which of the following viewing techniques will give the sharpest image?

Television image from a vidicon

Television image from a charged coupled device

Photographic image

Television image from a vidicon and television image from a charged coupled device

2. When referring to ASME XI to what type of inspection does VT-2 relate?

Mechanical and structural conditions

Leakage from pressure retaining components

Presence of surface corrosion

All of the above

3. When using a camera for visual inspection within an extremely high radiation area whichof the following types would be chosen?

Vidicon tube

Charged coupled device

Metal oxide semi conductor

Orthicon tube

4. Which of the following refers to the perfect valve when in the closed position?

Allows a volume of fluid less than 5 fluid ounces per hour to leak through

Allows a volume of fluid less than 1 litre per 24 hour period to leak through

Permits no fluid to leak through

There is no such a thing as a perfect valve

5. What is the first step when carrying out an in service test of a valve?

Check all surfaces for products of corrosion

Review all pervious inspection records

Completely dismantle the value taking care to label all parts correctly

Check seals for leakages

6. When checking bolts within a pressure vessel using remote visual techniques how good should the

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resolution be?

Able to resolve a 1.75 mm black line on 18% neutral gray card

Able to resolve a wire 1 mm in diameter from the viewing distance

Equivalent to that attainable by direct methods

With remote visual techniques only a sharp focus is required

7. The following is a standard definition: An apparantly random positioning of metallic flakes that creates an accidental pattern. Which of the following is correct?

Mottle

Flake texture

Theology pattern

Blotch

8. One way of stopping corrosion on the high strength steel spoiler torsion bars used within an aircrafts wing is to fill the bore surrounding the torsion bar with a polysulphide sealant. How is the integrity of the seal then verified?

Using direct visual inspection

Using liquid penetrant inspection

Using indirect visual insepction

Using radiography

9. Leak testing can be carried out using which of the following detection mediums?

Ammonia gas

Water

Fluorescent dye

All of the above

10. To aid contrast when looking for surface breaking faults magnetic particle inspection may be required. Which of the following light sources would be used to view daylight fluorescent magnetic particles?

Sodium vapour lamp

Sun light

White fluorescent tubes

All the above

Sun light and white fluorescent tubes only

Sodium vapour lamp and white fluorescent tubes only

11. The viewing of two photographs through a stereoscope to see a 3 dimensional image is known as which of the following?

Photon geometry

Photogrammentry

Twin stereosonic viewing

Three dimensional photography enhancement

12. Which of the following materials could be visually examined using briefringence techniques??

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Glass

Solder joints

Austenitic stainless steel

Ferritic stainless steel

All the above

Austenitic stainless steel and ferritic stainless steel

13. Which of the following type of seal would be classed as the premium seal to be used?

Gasket seal

Interference seal

Metal to metal seal

Intimate mating seal

All would be classed as premium seals

14. Which of the following techniques would highlight surface cracks consistent with impact damage on the surface of a composite material?

Highlighting with alcohol

Use a high power torch

Highlighting with an inking dye

All the above

Use a high power torch and highlighting with an inking dye

Highlighting with alcohol and use a high power torch

15. When performing visual inspection on microelectronic component dice which compromise wafer thin semiconductive substrates on to which components are diffused which type of handling process should be used?

Plastic coated tweezers

Rubber gloves

Vacuum tweezers

All the above

Rubber gloves and vacuum tweezers

16. On close inspection of a joint which has been soldered it is observed that the solder has not compeletly joined the two materials. The solder seems to have retracted forming beads leaving a coloured residual film behind. What would this condition be referred to as?

Non wetting

De wetting

In adequate penetration

All the above

Both non wetting and de wetting

17. When looking at the cost of running a video system incorporating a camera which of the following camera systems would use the least power therefore making it the most economical?

Change coupled device

Vidicon tube

Charge injection device

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Metal oxide semi-conductor

18. When carrying out inspection on drill pipe connections some of the threads appear to have been insufficiently machined whilst in production leaving behind a dark carburised surface. What is the name given to such threads?

Black oxidised threads

Black oil country tubular threads

Black crested threads

Coupling non sealing threads

Black headed threads

19. If a simple magnifier has a focal length of 0.0125 metre what would be its magnification factor?

200

20

20000

2000

20. When carrying out a routine a visual inspection of a dismantled circulating water pump what material should be used to clean any rubber bearings?

Water

Acetone

Tricloethane

All the above

Water and Acetone only


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1. Photographic image 2. Leakage from pressure retaining components 3. Vidicon tube 4. Permits no fluid to leak through 5. Review all pervious inspection records 6. Equivalent to that attainable by direct methods 7. Mottle 8. Using radiography 9. All of the above 10. Sun light and white fluorescent tubes only 11. Photogrammentry 12. Glass 13. Metal to metal seal 14. All the above 15. Vacuum tweezers 16. De wetting 17. Metal oxide semi-conductor 18. Black crested threads 19. 20 20. Water

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Visual Testing