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Visualizing the Gospels Using Treemaps and the Composite Gospel Index
Sean Boisen (Sean at SemanticBible dot com)
Society for Biblical Literature Annual Meeting
Computer Assisted Research Group, S21-15
Nov 21, 2005
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Outline Visualization and Treemaps The Composite Gospel Index Sample visualizations Conclusions
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Information Visualization Macro vs. micro view
Shirkey: “the overall pattern of data often exhibits patterns that emerge from the individual pieces of data, patterns that can be impossible to discern by merely re-sorting the data in spreadsheet format ”
Quantitative vs. symbolic perspective Dynamic visualizations invite exploration Shneiderman’s mantra:
Overview first, Zoom and filter, Then details on demand.
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Treemaps A “space-constrained visualization of hierarchical
structures” developed by Ben Shneiderman (University of Maryland Human-Computer Interaction Laboratory) Software is available for non-commercial use at
www.cs.umd.edu/hcil/treemap/ Web examples:
www.smartmoney.com/marketmap (stock performance by industry)
www.marumushi.com/apps/newsmap/ (Google News)
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The Composite Gospel Index (CGI) A unified account for representing the Gospel
accounts XML data structure
Standards based to encourage re-use Supports Web presentation and hyper-linking Supports automated processing of texts and related features
A reference scheme and abstraction layer Downloadable from
www.semanticbible.org/cgi/cgi-view.html
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An Example CGI Pericope
ID: Pericope.041.Mark
Reference: Mark.1.14-Mark.1.15
Now after John was arrested, Jesus came into Galilee, preaching the gospel of God, and saying, "The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand; repent, and believe in the gospel."
ID: Pericope.041.Luke
Reference: Luke.4.14-Luke.4.15
And Jesus returned in the power of the Spirit into Galilee, and a report concerning him went out through all the surrounding country. And he taught in their synagogues, being glorified by all.
PericopeSources
ID: P
eric
ope.
041.
Mat
t
Ref
eren
ce:
Mat
t.4.1
2-M
att.4
.17
ID: P
eric
ope.
041.
John
Ref
eren
ce:
John
.4.4
3-Jo
hn.4
.45
ID: Pericope.041
Title: Jesus preaches in Galilee
NextBySource: Pericope.044
PreviousBySource: Pericope.040
PreviousBySource: Pericope.027
NextBySource: Pericope.043
Previous: Pericope.040
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Constructive Principles Division
Thematic and situational continuity Alignment Sequence
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Computed Attributes by Pericope & Source
Tokens (n=34): Now-after-John-was-arrested-Jesus-came-into-Galilee-proclaiming-the-gospel-of-God-and-saying-The-time-is-fulfilled-and-the-kingdom-of-God-is-at-hand-repent-and-believe-in-the-gospel
BaseTokens (n=21): now-John-be-arrest-Jesus-come-Galilee-proclaim-gospel-God-say-time-be-fulfill-kingdom-God-be-hand-repent-believe-gospel
ID: Pericope.041.Mark
Reference: Mark.1.14-Mark.1.15
n_tokens: 34
n_basetokens: 21
mean_singletons: 0
mean_lowfreqs: 0
Novel vocabulary measures (summed across all Gospels):
Singleton = single occurrence of a base token “lowfreq” = < 3 occurrences of a base token
Means are normalized by n_basetokens.
ID: Pericope.041
n_tokens: 229
mean_tokens: 57.25
n_sources: 4
n_basetokens: 137
mean_basetokens: 34.25
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Treemap 1: CGI Overview Purposes:
Illustrate Treemap visualization Space vs. sequential orientation Hierarchical organization Dynamic highlighting and selection details
Compare Synoptics to John Parameters:
Group by pericope Label: reference Size: # of tokens for each source Color: source
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Treemaps 2 and 3: Single Source Pericopes Purpose: Explore the distribution by author of
single-source pericopes Parameters:
Group by pericope Label: reference Size: mean # of tokens for each pericope Color: source Filter: n_sources = 1
Treemap 3: group first by author, then by pericope
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Treemap 4: Size and # of Sources Question: are single-source pericopes shorter? Parameters:
Group by # of sources Label: reference Size: # of tokens for each pericope Color: source Filter: John
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Treemap 5: Novel Vocabulary Purpose: explore singleton terms in Luke. Parameters:
Group by # of sources Label: reference Size: # of tokens for each pericope Color: # of singletons (normalized) Filter: Luke
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Conclusions and Next Steps Treemaps are a useful visualization tool for Biblical
studies Shows the interplay across the Gospels between sources,
source uniqueness, and token counts Producing and sharing data is a fruitful area for
research collaboration