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Vitamins.
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vitaminsAL- KALAMOON UNIVERSITYDENTISRY COLLEGEDR. LOUAY LABBAN
DEFININTION
The term vitamin is derived from the words vital and amine, because vitamins are required for life and were originally thought to be amines
They are organic compounds required by humans in small amounts from the diet.
IMPORTANCE OF VITAMINS
VITAMINSFUNCTIONB1, B2, B3, B5, B 6, B7, B9, B12, C, KCOENZYMEB1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7METABOLISM OF ENERGY YIELDING NUTRIENTSB 6, B 9, B12RED BLOOD CELL SYNTHESISB6, B9, B12AMINO ACID METABOLISMB 7, B 5, B 3FATTY ACID SYNTHESISC , EANTIOXODENT PROTECTIONB1, B6, B12NERVE TRANSMISSIONA, DGENE EXPRESSION
CLASSIFICATION OF VITAMINS
VITAMINS HAVE TRADITIONALLY BEEN GROUPED BASED ON THEIR SOLUBILITY IN WATER OR FAT
WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINSFAT SOLUBLE VITAMINSB VITAMINS THIAMIN B1 RIBOFLAVIN B2 NIACIN B3BIOTINPANTOTHENIC ACIDB 6FOLATEB 12VITAMIN AVITAMIN CVITAMIN DVITAMIN EVITAMIN K
FACTS ABOUT VITAMINS
Vitamins are found in almost everything you eatProcessing affects vitamin contentDietary supplements can boost vitamin intakeNot all of what you eat can be used by the body
WATER SOLUBLE VITAMINS
VITAMIN B COMPLEX GROUP
THIAMIN OR VITAMIN B 1
Very important vitamin to prevent Beriberi that was discovered in the West IndiesA Japanese surgeon in the navy found that beriberi on ships could be avoided by adding meat and whole grains to the diet.
THIAMIN IMPORTANCE
BERIBERI
SOURCES OF THIAMIN
Sources of Thiamin: it is widely distributed in foods Yeast and liver are the most highly concentrated sources however, cereal grains are the most important dietary sources of thiamin in the diet as these foods are consumed readily in most diets.
RIBOFLAVIN OR VITAMIN B 2
Very important vitamin because it is part of two coenzymes (FMN) and (FAD) which are oxidizing agents
RIBOFALVIN IMPORTANCE
SYMPTOMS OF RIBOFLAVIN DEFICIENCYStomatitisAnemia Swollen and dark tongueAngular chelosis: cracks in corners of mouth and lips
Riboflavin deficiency
SOURCES OF RIBOFLAVIN
RDA for Riboflavin
The recommended dietary intake for riboflavin is 1.3 mg / day .
NIACIN OR VITAMIN B 3
Niacin is the compound that prevents development of Pellagra.It was isolated from nicotine acid It plays an important role in coenzyme NAD which is very important in metabolism.
IMPORTANCE OF NIACIN OR VITAMIN B 3
SOURCES OF NIACIN
DEFICIENCY OF NIACINPellagra: dermatitis Muscular weaknessAnorexiaIndigestionSkin eruptionsDiarrhea
DEFICIENCY OF NIACIN OR B3
Pellagra
Pellagra
Vitamin B 6 or Pyridoxine
Very important vitamin since it plays a coenzyme role in more than 100 enzymatic reactions.
VITAMIN B 5 OR PANTOTHENIC
Part of Coenzyme A which plays an important role in energy metabolism.Is essential for the formation of ATP from the breakdown of carbohydrates, protein, fat and alcohol.
SOURCES OF PANTOTHENICMeat MilkMushroomsLiverPeanutsEggsyeast
DEFICIENCY OF B 5Headache FatigueImpaired muscle coordinationGI tract disorders
RDA FOR PANTOTHENIC ACID
RDA for adults is 5 mg / day
VITAMIN B6 FUNCTIONS
SOURCES OF VITAMIN B 6Animal tissuesFish PoultryWhole grainsSome fruits and vegetables mainly bananas , carrots, potatoes, garbanzo beans, avacado
DEFICIENCY OF VITAMIN B 6WeaknessSleeplessness Peripheral neuropathy Personality changesDermatitisGlossitis
VITAMIN B6 SOURCES
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR B 6
RDA for vitamin B 6 is 1.3 2 mg / day
BIOTIN OR VITAMIN B 7
Biotin participate in reactions in which carbon dioxide is added to a compound.
FUNCTIONS OF B 7
Essential cofactor for 5 carboxylase enzyme that add CO2 to various compounds.
SOURCES OF BIOTIN
Whole grainsEggsNutslegumes
DEFICIENCY OF BIOTINSkin rashNeurological disordersImpaired growth
RDA FOR BIOTIN
RDA for Biotin is 30 g /day for adults
FOLATE OR VITAMIN B 9
Folate is derived from Latin word means leaf because dark leafy vegetables are the best source for folate
VITAMIN B9 SOURCESBeansLegumesCitrus fruitLiverFish EggsMilk and milk products
FOLATE OR VITAMIN B 9
Folic acid functions
Deficiency of Folate
Reduced ability to double DNA Anemia
Folic acid function
RDA FOR FOLATE
RDA for adults is 400 g / day
VITAMIN B 12Cyanocobalamin or vitamin B 12 is very imporatnt vitaminIt plays an important role in many Coenzymes
SOURCES OF VITAMIN B 12MeatPoultrySeafoodEggsMilk and milk products
Sources of VITAMIN B12
RDA OF VITAMIN B 12
RDA for adults is 2.4 g /dayDeficiency can cause anemia
VITAMIN C OR ASCORBIC ACID
Is involved in many processes in human bodyThe most important function for vitamin C is the synthesis of collagen, the principal tissue protein found in tendon, arteries
FUNCTIONS OF VITAMIN C
Healthy immune systemHelps in wounds healingMaintains the connective tissuesAids in iron absorption
ASCORBIC ACID OR VITAMIN C
SOURCES OF VITAMIN C
Fruits and vegetables are the major sources for vitamin CCitrus fruitsBroccoliGreen pepper
SOURCES OF VITAMIN C
Deficiency of vitamin CThe well-known deficiency is Scurvy WeaknessFatigueInflammation of the gumImpaired wound healingHemorrhagesdepression
SCURVY IN HUMAN
RDA FOR VITAMIN C
RDA for vitamin c for adults is 60 mg / day
FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINSVITAMIN AVITAMIN DVITAMIN EVITAMIN K
Vitamin AAssists with formation of epithelium, skin and mucus membraneMaintains healthy eyesAssists with bone remodeling
Deficiency
Dry skin, poor immunity and slow growthNight blindess, xeropthalmia (total blindes)
Retinopathy
Night blindness
VITAMIN A
sources
Vitamin DConsidered as hormone that facilitates absorption of Ca and PIt assists with bone formation by aiding the absorption of calcium
Functions
sources
Vitamin D deficiency
Ricketts
Osteoporosis
Vitamin EAntioxident and promotes RBCDeficiency of vitamin E is heomlytic anemiaRDA 15 mg / day
Functions of vitamin E
Functions of vitamin E
Sources
Vitamin KAssists in the synthesis of prothrombin required for blood clottingDeficiency symptoms are prolonged bleeding and increased clotting time.
Ssources of vitamin K
Functions of vitamin K
Vitamin K deficiency