Vitamins

Organic molecules For health, growth and reproduction Source: DIETARY Deficiency ÷ metabolic defect

o ↓ intakeo ↓ absorptiono ↓ production

Classified according to their solubility:o Water-solubleo Fat-soluble = ADEK

Water-soluble Vitamins

Vitamin B

Name Food Sources

Deficiency Diagnosis

B1 Thiamine Brain function*HPLC – common in pregnancy

Yeast, Legumes, Enriched Gram Products & Pork

Beri-beri

Wet form - 1° Cardiac Failure

Dry form – Nerve damage

Cerebral form – Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrom

Clinical evaluation, confirmed w/ therapeutic response to thiamine administration

B2 Riboflavin Part of cofactor FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide)

Yeasts, Meats, Legumes, Milk

Greasy & sealing dermatitis

Angular stomatitis of the lips

Cheilosis glossitis

B3 Niacin or Nicotinic Acid

Part of cofactor of NAD & NADP+

Liver, Yeast, Milk, Meats, Whole grain

Pellagra

B4 Pantothenic acid

Part of coenzyme A

Tissue source: liver, adrenals, kidney, brain heart, testes

Widely distributed

Burning feet syndrome

B5 Biotin coenzyme Widely distributed

Scaly dermatitis Glossitis Hair loss Aorexia Depression Hypercholesteronemi

aB6 Pyridoxine Cofactor of

Decarboxylase Deaminase transaminase

Widely distributed in foods

Cheilosis Angular stomatitis Glossitis Dermatitis Polyneuritis Anemia

B9 and B12

Folic Acid

Cyabocobalamin

Associated w/ anemia

Folic acid: green-leafy vege

Cyabocobalamin: Meat

Fat-soluble Vitamins

Vitamin

Name Food Sources

Deficiency Diagnosis

A RetinolRetinoic acid

From dietary sources – retinyl esters or from metabolism of dietary carotenoids (provitamin A) primarily β-carotene

Stored in liverTransported in circulation

Essential for vision, cellular differentiation, growth, reproduction, and Immune system fx

Animal products, pigmented fruits and veggie (carotenoids)

Night blindness (Nyctalopia)

Growth retardation Abnormal taste

response Dermatitis Recurrent

infections

D Cholecalciferol

Proper skeleton formation & mineral hoomeostasis

irradiated foods, commercially preparedmilk

Small amounts in butter, egg yolks, liver,sardines, herring, tuna, and salmon

Rickets (young) Osteomalacia

(adult)

E Tocopherol Antioxidant and 1° defense against harmful oxidations

Protect RBC membrane from oxidant stress

vegetable oil, fresh leafy vegetables, eggyolk, legumes, peanuts, and margarine

Mild hemolytic anemia (newborn)

RBC fragility Ataxia

K Phytomenadione

Formation of Prothrombin and at least 5 coag proteins – F7,F9,F10,C,S

cabbage, cauliflower, spinach and other leafyvegetables, pork, liver, soybeans, and vegetable oils

Hemorrhage (easy bruising to massive bruising, esp. post-traumatic bleeding