Vivian Rambarath-Parasrammtcc-caribbean.com/public/documents_file/8/Vivian-Rambarath-Para… · The Problem •The World’s Top 3 Emitters Contribute 14 Times the Emissions of the

Status of Maritime Climate Action in the Caribbean

Vivian Rambarath-Parasram

Director & Head of MTCC CaribbeanMTCC Caribbean, The University of Trinidad and Tobago

• The Maritime Technology Cooperation Centre – Caribbean (MTCC Caribbean) is part of the Global MTCC Network (GMN) project.

• The GMN project is funded by the EUROPEAN UNION and implemented by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO).

The Project is Funded by the European Union and implemented by the International Maritime Organization

2

Outline of Presentation

• RECAP OF THE GMN & MTCC CARIBBEAN PROJECT OBJECTIVES

• STATUS OF THE REGION

• EXCERPTS OF RECENT KEY INTERNATIONAL REPORTS

• IMO INITIATIVES

• CARICOM INITIATIVES

• ENHANCING REGIONAL COOPERATION

• INSTITUTIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ENHANCED IMPLEMENTATION

2/1/2019The Project is Funded by the European Union and

implemented by the International Maritime Organization 3

The Issue: Climate Change

• “The world is facing an existential threat from climate change and ifrapid action is not taken, there will be catastrophic biodiversity lossand untold human misery” – letter signed by 20,000 scientists

• International Response: Paris Agreement 2015 “to limit globaltemperature increases to well below 2°C” and "pursue efforts tolimit the temperature increase to 1.5°C" compared to pre-industriallevels”

• Paris agreement assigned responsibility for climate action formaritime and aviation to the IMO and ICAO respectively

• Shipping currently accounts to 2.4% of world carbon dioxideemissions.

• GMN represents an ambitious initiative by the IMO to addressmaritime emissions



Insufficient Progress• Maritime Climate Action

• In 2017, weather- and climate-related disasters were responsible for thousands of deaths and USD 320 billion in losses. Yet, 2018 has also seen continued momentum in global climate action involving non-Party stakeholders, such as cities, regions, companies, investors and citizens.

• However, the aggregate commitments of countries’ Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) are still insufficient to reach the goals of the Paris Agreement.

• Climate actions by non-Party stakeholders can contribute significantly to delivering countries’ commitments and increasing the ambition of those commitments.

Source: GCA Yearbook 2018



The Problem• The World’s Top 3 Emitters Contribute 14 Times the Emissions of the Bottom

100

• The top three greenhouse gas emitters— China, the European Union and the United States—contribute more than half of total global emissions, while the bottom 100 countries only account for 3.5 percent.

• Collectively, the top 10 emitters account for nearly three-quarters of global emissions. The world can’t successfully tackle the climate change challenge without significant action from these countries

Source: World Resources Institute https://www.wri.org/

• According to the IPCC 2018 report: If the global temperature rises by 1.5°C, humans will face unprecedented climate-related risks and weather events. We are on track for a 3-4°C temperature rise.



https://www.wri.org/

2/1/2019 The Project is Funded by the European Union and implemented by the International Maritime Organization

7

MTCC Host Institution # of Member States

MTCC Caribbean The University of Trinidad

and Tobago

16 Countries

MTCC Latin America International Maritime

University of Panama

17 Countries

MTCC Africa Jomo Kenyatta University of

Agriculture and Technology

42 Countries

MTCC Asia Shanghai Maritime

University

32 Countries

MTCC Pacific Pacific Community & SPREP 13 Island States

GMN: Host Institutions, MTCCs and their Geographic Scope

MTCC Caribbean –5 Results

2/1/2019 The Project is Funded by the European Union and implemented by the International Maritime Organization

8

Result 1: Formation and Establishment of the Maritime Technology Cooperation Centre Caribbean (MTCC Caribbean)

Result 2: MTCC Caribbean delivered capacity building Workshops (National & Regional)

Result 3: Implementation of a demonstration pilot project on uptake of ship energy efficient technologies and operations

Result 4: Implementation of pilot project on fuel consumption data collection and reporting in line with IMO regulations

Result 5: MTCC delivered all agreed communication and visibility actions.

Timeline of the GMN



2015• Concept paper mooted at FRS 2015

• EU Funding and Contract signed December 2015

2016• PCU formed, Project started and EOI

Issued

• UTT responded to call in August 2016

2017• Launch of MTCC at UTT

• Start of Capacity Building & Pilot Projects

• Signing of MOU among all MTCC creating the GMN in December 2017

2018

2019

• Launch of MTCC Latin America –Final MTCC completing the network

• Sustainability planning

• Complete pilot projects & Disseminate results

• Implement sustainability plans

Implementation Update:• The Legal frameworks of the territories have remained

substantially the same but the creation of Energy Efficiency Focal Points and the RSC represent institutional progress.

• Whilst Caribbean States have largely recognised the importance of MARPOL, effective implementation remains elusive

• While over 80% of the region has ratified MARPOL 73/78, less than 30% report effective implementation.

• In the Eastern Sub region one county has legislation that directly implements MARPOL and Annex VI in particular.

• Notwithstanding the above, there are existing mechanisms that we can leverage



SUBREGION

COUNTRY KYOTO PARIS MARPOL VI MTCC Data Collection

No

rth

ern

Jamaica 28 Jun 1999 a 10 April 2017 29 Aug 2008

Haiti 6 Jul 2005 a 31 July 2017

The Bahamas 9 Apr 1999 a 22 Aug 2016 19 May 2005 Yes

Dominican Republic 12 Feb 2002 a 21 Sept 2017

Belize 26 Sep 2003 a 22 April 2016 14 Sep 2007 Yes

Cuba 30 Apr 2002 28 Dec 2016Ea

ster

n

Antigua and Barbuda 3 Nov 1998 21 Sept 2016 10 Oct 2007

Dominica 12 Feb 2002 a 21 Sept 2016

St Lucia 8 Apr 2008 a 22 April 2016 26 Aug 2016

Grenada 6 Aug 2002 a 22 April 2016

St Vincent & The Grenadines

31 Dec 2004 29 June 2016 26 Aug 2009 Yes

St Kitts & Nevis 8 Apr 2008 a 22 April 2016 02 Feb 2005

Sou

ther

n

Barbados 7 Aug 2000 a 22 April 2016 19 May 2005

Guyana 5 Aug 2003 a 20 May 2016

Trinidad and Tobago 28 Jan 1999 07 Sep 2012 Yes

Suriname 25 Sep 2006 a 22 Feb 2018 Yes



Stat

us

of

rati

fica

tio

n:

Kyo

to, P

aris

, MA

RP

OL

An

nex

VI

IPCC Summary for Policy Makers 2018

• D.3.1. Adaptation options that reduce the vulnerability of human and natural systems have many synergies with sustainable development, if well managed, such as ensuring food and water security, reducing disaster risks, improving health conditions, maintaining ecosystem services and reducing poverty and inequality. Increasing investment in physical and social infrastructure is a key enabling condition to enhance the resilience and the adaptive capacities of societies. These benefits can occur in most regions with adaptation to 1.5°C of global warming …

Source: IPCC, 2018: Summary for Policymakers. In: Global warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [V. Masson-Delmotte et all…



IPCC Summary for Policy Makers 2018

• D.3.2. Adaptation to 1.5°C global warming can also result in trade–offs or maladaptations with adverse impacts for sustainable development. For example, if poorly designed or implemented, adaptation projects in a range of sectors can increase ghg gas emissions and water use, increase gender and social inequality, undermine health conditions, and encroach on natural ecosystems. These trade-offs can be reduced by adaptations that include attention to poverty and sustainable development…

Source: IPCC, 2018: Summary for Policymakers. In: Global warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty [V. Masson-Delmotte et al…



Global Year Book for Climate Action-Opportunities for Action

• Growing Ambition• Business

• Since the start of 2018, over 130 companies have joined the Science Based Targets initiative, committing to reduce emissions in line with the Paris Agreement. The total number on board stands at more than 480

• Sixty businesses, making up nearly 50 per cent of emissions in New Zealand, have formed the Climate Leaders Coalition, pledging to make their businesses compliant with the goals of the Paris Agreement. The businesses cover a wide range of sectors, including transport, manufacturing, energy, farming and leisure in New Zealand.




Global Year Book for Climate Action-Opportunities for Action

• Growing Ambition• Cities and Regions

• Seventy-two cities worldwide, representing 425 million citizens, have publicly committed to develop and begin implementing ambitious climate action plans by 2020, to achieve the highest goals of the Paris Agreement at the local level. Of these, 27 cities have already peaked their greenhouse gas emissions and are working to become emissions-neutral by no later than 2050.

• Globally, cities made 244 commitments on urban resilience, committing to developing by the end of 2020 an inclusive climate change mitigation and adaptation plan that benefits all citizens equitably




Key players in implementation: Non Party Stakeholders

• Key Message for Non Party Stakeholders • Collaborate with national and subnational governments and with other

non-Party stakeholders to help develop policies to enable action;

• Pursue collective action with other stakeholders to amplify the results of that action and bring greater ambition;

• Take on ambitious commitments and encourage other non Party stakeholders to follow their lead; (be very careful here!!)




Key players in implementation: Non Party Stakeholders

• Key Message for Non Party Stakeholders • Develop new and innovative financial and business models to shift

investments to those needed for a 1.5°C world;

• Cooperate in a cross-sectoral manner to develop the new solutions needed to transform sectors such as transport and agriculture and to transfer those new and existing solutions globally;

• Make the results of the action taken transparent and measurable, to inspire others to take action and to learn lessons about what works best




KEY IMO INITIATIVES ON CLIMATE ACTION

• GLOMEEP (2015-2018)

• Global MTCC Network (2016-2019)

• IMO Initial GHG Strategy (April 2018)• a reduction in total GHG emissions from international shipping

which, should peak as soon as possible and to reduce the total annual GHG emissions by at least 50% by 2050 compared to 2008…

• … a framework for further action, setting out the future vision for international shipping, the levels of ambition to reduce GHG emissions and guiding principles; and includes candidate short-, mid- and long-term further measures with possible timelines and their impacts on States.)



Call to Climate Action – Global Climate Action Summit California 2018

• The opportunities for action were discussed in five global challenge areas:• » Healthy energy systems; • » Inclusive economic growth; • » Sustainable communities; • » Land and Ocean Stewardship;• » Transformative climate investments.

• The final message of the Summit was to: step up action now, chart a clear path to a zero-carbon future and empower bottom-up climate action

Source: Galvanizing the Groundswell of Climate Actions (2018). Assessing global climate action after theCalifornia summit: Key messages for COP24. Available at: http://www.climategroundswell.org/s/25-Assessing-global-climate-action-after-the-California-summit-Key-messages-for-COP24.pdf



CARICOM INITIATIVES

• CARICOM Declaration (2015) for climate action called for:

• Recognition of the specific needs and special circumstances of SIDS;

• enhanced provisions for supporting the adaptation needs of vulnerable developing countries, including provision of adequate, predictable, new and additional finance, technology and capacity building support, and strengthening of the institutional arrangements;

• loss and damage as a central and distinct element of the agreement, that should be treated separately from adaptation;

• commitment by developed country parties to take the lead in scaling-up the provision of adequate, predictable, new and additional financial resources, and opportunities for other Parties willing to do so, to also contribute to scaling up climate finance;



CARICOM INITIATIVES

• provision of support for capacity building and technology development and transfer to SIDS;

• an explicit objective of limiting long-term the global average temperature increase to below 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, supported by aggregate mitigation commitments that represent a feasible pathway to achieving that goal;

• an explicit provision that parties fulfil and continuously enhance their mitigation commitments over time

• five (5) year mitigation commitment cycles, with robust ex ante and ex post review and upward adjustment processes;

• provisions for measuring, reporting and verification of performance on commitments; and

• a compliance regime.



CARICOM’S RESPONSE TO IPCC Special Report on the Impacts of Global Warming of 1.5 °C Above Pre_Industrial Levels (1.5 °C Special Report) 2018

• .. call on the international community to act with utmost urgency to rapidly shift financial flows to facilitate and effect pathways consistent with limiting warming to 1.5 °C;

• Urge developed countries ….to demonstrate progress towards the mobilization of USD 100 billion per annum by 2020 and to further demonstrate their commitment to efforts to increase that climate finance goal through to 2025;

• Stress the importance of achieving a balance in the provision of resources for mitigation and adaptation actions, in particular targeting the needs of SIDS for public and grant-based resources for adaptation and for addressing loss and damage from the dangerous impacts of climate change;

• Welcome the launch of the first formal replenishment process of the Green Climate Fund (GCF) and look forward to the timely conclusion of an inclusive process and the development of a comprehensive resource mobilization strategy informed by the latest science, while taking into account the urgent needs of SIDS;

• Call upon Parties to ensure that market mechanisms under the Paris Agreement now go beyond offsetting to deliver an overall mitigation of global GHG emissions



ENHANCING REGIONAL COOPERATION

• Leveraging the existing Legal and Institutional construct such as:• Caribbean Environmental Programme

• CCCCC

• Regional Maritime Administrations such as the CMOU, COTED

• Engaging with Non Party Stakeholders

• Enabling Non Party Stakeholders to take the lead in Climate Action through appropriate legislative and policy interventions.



INSTITUTIONAL REQUIRMENTS FOR ENHANCED IMPLEMENTATION

• What (if any) institutional resources within maritime administrations can be dedicated to maritime climate action?• Existing EE focal points?

• What specific synergies do you recommend for greater inclusion of Maritime climate action in NDCs in your respective countries

• Who are the Non Party Stakeholders that can lead climate action in your respective countries?



Thank You !

[email protected]

www.u.tt/mtcc-caribbean

Documents

Vivian Rambarath-Parasrammtcc-caribbean.com/public/documents_file/8/Vivian-Rambarath-Para… · The Problem •The World’s Top 3 Emitters Contribute 14 Times the Emissions of the