Vocabulary Vocabulary ReviewReview

Ch 30 – Plant Ch 30 – Plant ReproductionReproduction

A reproductive structure that

produces male sex cells in flowerless

and seedless plants

Antheridium

A female reproductive structure of small, nonvascular plants

that produces a single egg and in which fertilization and

development take place

Archegonium

The production of only one kind of

spore

Homospory

A cluster of spores or sporangia

Sorus

The smaller of the two types of

spores produced by most plants

that develops into the male

gametophyteMicrospore

The larger of the two types of

spores produced by heterosporous plants; develops

into a female gametophyteMegaspore

The production of two or more kinds of asexual spores

Heterospory

The outer, protective

covering of a body, a body part,

an ovule, or a sporangium

Integument

The small opening in the wall of an ovule through which a pollen tube enters the

ovule

Micropyle

A structure in the ovary of a seed plant that

contains an embryo sac and that develops into a

seed after fertilization; in gymnosperms the ovule is found in the carpel and is structurally simple and

nakedOvule

The structure that contains the male gametophyte of

seed plants

Pollen grain

The transfer of pollen from the male

reproductive structures (the anthers) to the tip of

a female reproductive structure (the pistil) of a flower in angiosperms or

to the ovule in gymnosperms

Pollination

A tubular structure that grows from a

pollen grain, enters the embryo sac, and

allows the male reproductive cells to

move to the ovule

Pollen tube

The enlarged tip of a flower stalk to

which the flower is attached

Receptacle

In a flower, one of the outermost

rings of modified leaves that protect

the flower bud

Sepal

One of the usually brightly colored, leaf-shaped parts that make up one of the rings of a

flower

Petal

The male reproductive

structure of a flower that produces pollen

and consists of an anther at the tip of a

filament

Stamen

In flowering plants, the tip of a

stamen, which contains the pollen sacs where grains

form

Anther

In flowers, the part of a stamen that supports the

anther

Filament

The structure where the ovule is in flowering plants

Carpel

The female reproductive part of

a flower that produces seeds and consists of an ovary,

style, and stigma, made of one or more

fused carpelsPistil

In the female reproductive system of animals, an organ that

produces eggs; in flowering plants, the lower part of a pistil

that produces eggs in ovules

Ovary

In plants, the slender, upper

part of the pistil

Style

The expanded apex of a pistil,

supported by the style; the part of

the pistil that receives the pollen

Stigma

In plants, the female gametophyte that develops from a megaspore; contains the ovum that fuses with a

sperm nucleus during fertilization to form an

embryo and seven other cells, including the polar bodies

that fuse with another sperm nucleus to form endosperm

Embryo sac

One of the two haploid nuclei in the embryo sac of a seed plant

that fuse with a male gamete to form the

triploid cell that develops into the

endospermPolar nucleus

The cell of a pollen grain that gives

rise to the pollen tube

Tube cell

In a pollen grain, the cell that

divides mitotically and forms two

sperm cells

Generative cell

A sugar-containing fluid secreted by flowers to attract

birds or insects for pollination

Nectar

The process by which one of the two sperm nuclei

fuses with the egg nucleus to produce a

diploid zygote and the other fuses with the polar

nuclei to produce a triploid endosperm

Double fertilization

The production of new individuals

Propagation

The protective, outer covering of a

seed

Seed coat

The developing shoot above the

cotyledons in plant embryos; consists of the epicotyl and

young leaves

Plumule

The portion of the stem of a plant embryo that is between the

cotyledons and the first true leaves

Epicotyl

The portion of the stem of a plant embryo that is between the

cotyledons and the embryonic root

Hypocotyl

In plants, the embryonic, or primary, root

Radicle

On a plant seed, a scar that marks where the seed was attached to the ovary wall

Hilum

A state in which seeds, spores, bulbs, and other reproductive organs stop growth

and development and reduce their

metabolism, especially respirationDormancy

An organism that is produced by asexual

reproduction and that is genetically identical to its parent; to make

a genetic duplicate

Clone

A type of asexual reproduction in

which new plants grow from

nonreproductive plant parts

Vegetative Reproduction

A root, stem, or leaf that is cut

from a living plant and that can

produce a new plant

Cutting

The process of causing roots to form on stems or

branches of a plant that are

covered with soil

Layering

A technique in which a portion of

one plant is attached to the root or shoot of

another plant and grows there

Grafting

The technique for growing living

cells in an artificial medium

Tissue culture