ANGLAISCPGE.FREE.FR

1- VOCABULARY

A dispute: conflit, litige, contentieux A border dispute: un litige frontalier

An armed conflict: un conflit armé To be embroiled in a conflict: être mêlé à un conflit

Disagreement, row: désaccord, dispute, querelle A showdown: épreuve de force, bras de fer

An enemy: un ennemi An ally: un allié

The military: les militaires A warmonger: un belliciste

Warmongering: propagande belliciste Militaristic: militariste (adjectif)

To be at war / at peace: être en guerre / en paix To declare war on a country: déclarer la guerre à un pays

To wage war on / against: faire la guerre à To break out: éclater

To besiege: assiéger A task force: un corps expéditionnaire

Air and sea forces: les forces aéronavales To deploy: déployer

To withdraw troops from a place: retirer des troupes Withdrawal: le retrait

A blockade: un blocus A setback: un revers

Reprisals, retaliation: représailles To retaliate against sb: user de représailles envers qn

A victor: un vainqueur A serviceman, a soldier: un militaire, un soldat

A professional / career soldier: un militaire de carrière To enlist in / join the Air Force: s'engager dans l'armée de l'air

To recruit: recruter A recruit: une recrue

A conscientious objector: un objecteur de conscience A deserter: un déserteur

Weapons of mass destruction: armes de destruction massive A bombing, a bombardment: un bombardement

An arsenal: un arsenal Smart weapons: des armes intelligentes

A surgical strike: une frappe chirurgicale War of nerves / attrition: guerre des nerfs / d'usure

Nuclear / biological / chemical warfare: guerre NBC Massacre / slaughter: massacre

Bloodshed: effusion de sang, carnage The wounded: les blessés

The casualties: les morts et les blessés Death toll: bilan des victimes

Intelligence: le renseignement To spy on an enemy: espionner un ennemi

A spy / surveillance satellite: satellite-espion A war criminal: un criminel de guerre

Ethnic cleansing: purification ethnique To exterminate: exterminer

A ceasefire: un cessez-le-feu A truce: une trêve

An armistice: un armistice Disarmament: désarmement

A peace campaigner, a pacifist: un pacifiste A quagmire: un bourbier

Stalemate: enlisement Peace talks: pourparlers de paix

Peace agreement / accord / settlement: accord de paix Peace treaty: traité de paix

An amputee: un amputé A prisoner of war: prisonnier de guerre

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): stress post-traumatique A veteran, a vet: un ancien combattant

To be reported missing: être porté disparu To be maimed for life: être estropié / mutilé à vie

VOCABULARY REVIEW CARD

WAR AND PEACE

2- ESSENTIAL NOTES AND EXPRESSIONS

The Pentagon is the building of the headquarters of the US Department of Defence; each side of the building is allotted to one service: the Army, Air forces, Navy, Marines and Coast Guards. By metonymy, the Department itself is often designed as the Pentagon. It is headed by the Secretary of Defence, who coordinates the actions of the government and headquarters.

The word “army” only refers to the military forces that are trained to fight on land. A better translation for the French “armée” would then be “troops” or “forces.” Contrary to the Pentagon that is organized in five services (see above), the British armed forces only consist in the Army, the Royal Navy and the Royal Air Force.

The British Intelligence is divided into two parts: the MI5, that provides internal security and counter-intelligence (like the French DCRI), while the MI6 (or Secret Intelligence Service) operates the foreign intelligence (like the French DGSE).

If the Pentagon were a state, its budget would rank 17th in the world, with $533.7bn in 2010. Even if George W. Bush is well known for having waged the war in Afghanistan and Iraq, his follower still increased US war expenses, a decision that provoked worldwide polemics: Barack Obama, who was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 2009, is actually the man who headed the most expensive rearmament program in history.

3- TRANSLATION REMARKS

- Military service is called “the draft” in the US, and the young men who hid to avoid fighting in Vietnam were “draft-dodgers.”

-Le service militaire s'appelle “la conscription” aux États-Unis, et les jeunes hommes qui se cachaient pour ne pas se battre au Vietnam s'appelaient des “insoumis” ou des “appelés réfractaires.” (Étoffement / explicitation)

- A Ugandan warlord, Jospeh Kony, is accused of capturing 30,000 children and pressing them into service.

- Un seigneur de la guerre ougandais, Joseph Kony, est accusé d'avoir capturé et enrôlé de force 30000 enfants.

- Echelon is the name of an intelligence-gathering operation run since the 60's, first to monitor the communications of the Communist bloc and now to foil terrorist plots.

- Echelon est le nom d'une opération de collecte de renseignements qui fonctionne depuis les années 60, d'abord pour contrôler les communications du bloc communiste et maintenant pour déjouer des complots terroristes.

- La guerre est une chose bien trop sérieuse pour qu'on la confie aux militaires. (Georges Clémenceau)

- War is much too serious a matter to be entrusted to the military. (Syntaxe)

- La guerrilla a été utilisée avec succès par les résistants espagnols contre l'armée d'occupation de Napoléon à partir de 1808.

- Guerrilla warfare was used successfully by Spanish resistance fighters against Napoleon's occupation army from 1808.

- Clausewitz, un théoricien de la guerre du XIXème siècle, a déclaré que la guerre était la poursuite de la politique par d'autres moyens.

- Clausewitz, a 19th-century military theorist, declared that war was the pursuit of politics through other means.