Vocabulary Unit 1: Colonial and Revolutionary America

PreviewThe first American colonist came to America in hopes of profit. Eventually there was a successful settlement at Jamestown. The second and more populace immigration to America consisted of religious pilgrims. Some wanted to separate from the Church of England and others were reformers. These new colonist believed that they were constructing a model civilization. After some time these English colonist developed a distinct American identity. Drawing upon ideas of the Enlightenment, the colonist concluded that it was not the responsibility of the English to control the politics and economics of the colonies. Believing that they were not being equally represented in England, and being unfairly taxed, a radical element of Americans became hostile to England and rallied to break away from England. Eventually most Americans were in agreement with the idea of the revolution and the need for war. The America colonies became an independent nation calling itself the United States of America

Vocabulary Terms1. (2) Enlightenment: Appealed to “reason” (1) and de-emphasized religious authority (1). 2. (6) Jamestown: First English Colony founded in America (1) failed in the beginning due to swampy location (1) and

Indian raids (1). John Smith provided strong leadership (1) and John Rolfe domesticated tobacco (1) for economic prosperity (1)

3. (3) Indentured Servant: person who was required by an agreement to work (1) for another person for a number of years (1) in return for passage to America (1)

4. (3) Joint-Stock Company: many individuals (1) own portions of a company (1) and cannot lose more than invested (1)

5. (2) House of Burgesses: First government body in America (1) where leaders were elected to an assembly (1).6. (3) Mayflower Compact: The leaders aboard the Mayflower (1) established written rules for order (1) prior to

landing in New England (1).7. (4) Pilgrims: Called Separatist (1) because they separated from the Church of England (1) First religious settlers in

New England (1) founding the Plymouth Colony (1).8. (3) Puritans: Wanted to purify the Church of England (1). Founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony (1), which would

later engulf the Plymouth Colony (1).9. (4) City upon a Hill: Jonathan Winthrop’s (1) vision for America (1) to be a model society (1) for the rest of the

world to imitate (1).10. (2) John Winthrop: First influential governor (1) of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (1).11. (5) Roger Williams: Had different religious views (1) than leaders of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (1) banned (1)

and then established Rhode Island (1) where there was separation of church and state (1)12. (3) Anne Hutchinson: lead discussion groups (1) concerning religious sermons (1) and was banned to Rhode Island

(1), 13. (2) Maryland Toleration Act: provided for religious toleration (1) in hopes of protecting Catholics (1)14. (5) Quakers: Persecuted in America (1) for following the “inner light” (1) and also having contempt for religious

structures (1) were pacifists (1) had religious haven in Pennsylvania (1)15. (4) First Great Awakening: Religious revival in America (1) prior to the Revolutionary War (1) with notable leaders

including Jonathan Edwards (1) and George Whitfield (1). 16. (4) Jonathan Edwards: Famous for “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” (1) which stressed that the individual

(1) had an absolute dependence on God (1) to keep one out of Hell (1).17. (4) Stamp Act of 1765: Tax imposed by the British (1) on American Colonist (1) for everyday used written material

(1) which infuriated Americans (1).18. (3) “No Taxation without Representation”: Colonist said being taxed without having voting representatives (1) in

the British Parliament (1) was unjust (1).19. (2) Sons of Liberty: American revolutionary movement (1) that terrorized British tax agents (1).20. (4) Boston Massacre: American colonist (1) killed by British soldiers (1) in Boston as they harassed soldiers (1).

Labeled a massacre by propagandist Samuel Adams (1).21. (4) Boston Tea Party: Colonist threw tea (1) from the East India Tea Company (1) into Boston Harbor (1) to protest

against the British (1).22. (4) Common Sense: Written by Thomas Paine (1) stating the colonies should break away from England (1) and was

widely influential (1) in encouraging American Revolution (1).23. (3) Declaration of Independence: Written by Thomas Jefferson (1) to justify American independence (1) from Great

Britain (1).24. (2) American Revolutionary War: fought against the British (1) and resulted in America’s independence (1).

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Notes – Unit 1 Colonial and Revolutionary AmericaMonday August 17 - Unit 1 Set 1: Early Settlement

Jamestown (102) (Joint Stock Company, tobacco, House of Burgesses) Pilgrims in Plymouth (103) (Pilgrims, Mayflower Compact, Government structure) New England (103) (Roger Williams, Anne Hutchinson, Thomas Hooker, Puritan society and economy) Middle Colonies (105) (New York and New Jersey, William Penn, Pennsylvania, Quakers, Middle Colonies

Economy) Southern Colonies (105) (Proprietary Colony, Lord Baltimore, Maryland Toleration Act, Carolinas, Georgia,

Indentured Servants)Tuesday August 18 - Unit 1 Set 2: Diverse Society

Trade and Rise of Cities (107) (Triangular trade, American class system) Enslaved Africans (107) (Slave codes, characteristics of slavery) Immigrants (108) (Where were they from and where did they settle?) Women (108) (Women’s rights – did they have any?)

Wednesday August 19 -Unit 1 Set 3: Mercantilism and the Glorious Revolution Mercantilism (110) (What is mercantilism, Navigation Acts) The Glorious Revolution (111) (The English Bill of Rights) John Locke’s political theories (111) (Two Treatises of Government, Locke’s political ideas)

Thursday August 20 - Unit 1 Set 4: Enlightenment and the Great Awakening The Enlightenment (112) (What is the Enlightenment? Rousseau, Montesquieu) The Great Awakening (112) (What is the Great Awakening? Jonathan Edwards) A powerful legacy (112) (Effects of the Great Awakening and the Enlightenment)

Friday August 21 -Unit 1 Set 5: Growing Rebelliousness French and Indian War (113) (Treaty of Paris) Unpopular Regulations (113) (The Proclamation of 1763, Sugar Act, Quartering Act, Stamp Act, Sons of Liberty) Townshend Acts (114) (The Townshend Acts, Boston Massacre)

Monday August 24 - Unit 1 Set 6: The Road to War The colonists defy Britain (114) (Committees of Correspondence, Tea Act, Boston Tea Party, The Intolerable Acts,

First Continental Congress) The revolution begins (115) (Minutemen, Loyalists, Patriots, Lexington and Concord) The decision for independence (116) (Olive Branch Petition, Common Sense, Declaration of Independence) The American victory (119) (Treaty of Paris 1783)

Tuesday August 25 Study for Unit 1 Exam

Wednesday August 26 Study for Unit 1 Exam

Thursday August 27 Unit 1 Exam Complete Notes Unit 2 Set 1

Friday August 28 Complete Notes Unit 2 Set 2

Unit 2: The Constitution and the New RepublicPreviewNow that the American colonists were free from English rule they needed to develop a new government. The Constitution was constructed to arrange how government would work. The development of the constitution was not an easy process. Every state wanted to make sure that it maximized its power. Other individuals also recognized and argued that the greatest power ought to be a centralized government (federalist). Those that favored a weak central government with greater power resting with the states were called anti-federalist. The other major argument concerning the Constitution was how representation would be determined. After the Constitution had been written there was also differing opinions on how it should be interpreted. Some believed that the U.S. government could only do things that were specifically stated in the Constitution, while others said certain powers were implied, yet not stated, arguing that the Constitution could not predict all future events or circumstances and therefore must remain flexible. The Constitution also described a balance of power between the different branches of government, which would further be defined by the courts.

Vocabulary Terms1. (4) First Continental Congress: In September of 1774 (1) colonial leaders met in Philadelphia (1)and agreed to stop all

trade with Great Britain (1) and said no taxation without representation (1).2. (3) Sovereignty: having complete authority (1) to make decisions (1) and act upon them (1)3. (5) Articles of Confederation: Described the former colonies (1) a collection of sovereign states (1) with a less powerful

federal government (1). Each state had equal representation (1) in congress (1).

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4. (3) Constitutional Convention: a meeting between American states (1) that devised a more effective government (1) than the one that existed under the Articles of the Confederation (1)

5. (3) Federalists: Supported a strong central government (1) and had most support on the coast (1) and in large cities (1)6. (5) Anti-Federalists: Did not support a strong central government (1) and had most support with small farmers (1) and

settlers on the western frontier (1). Demanded a Bill of Rights (1) to be added to the new constitution (1) 7. (2) The Federalist: Essays meant to convince Americans (1) to support the new Constitution (1) 8. (4) 3/5 Compromise: ended the debate on government representation (1) and the counting of slaves (1) Counted each

slave as three-fifths of a person (1) to determine taxation and representation (1). 9. (4) Virginia Plan: central government could overturn state laws (1) lower house representation (1) would be determined

by population (1) this plan was favored by states with large populations (1) 10. (3) New Jersey Plan: Each state had one vote (1) in a unicameral legislature (1) The small states favored this plan (1)11. (4) Great Compromise: Resolved the representation issue (1) by providing a two-house Congress (1) where equal

representation would exist in the Senate (1) and House representation would be determined by a state’s population (1) 12. (2) Strict Interpretation: Government only had the power to do what was specifically stated in the Constitution (1)

Jefferson’s view (1)13. (3) Broad/loose Interpretation: The government had certain implied powers (1) that weren’t clearly named in the

constitution (1) Hamilton’s view (1)14. (3) Thomas Jefferson: Desired the nation to be a collection of small farmers-largely agrarian (1) opposed to a strong

central government (1) and favored the states power (1)15. (3) Alexander Hamilton: Desired the nation to be industrial (1) Favored a politically strong central government (1) with

less powerful states (1)16. (4) Bill of Rights: First Ten Amendments (1) to the Constitution (1) which protected individual (1) and states rights (1) 17. (11) Marbury vs. Madison: Marbury was appointed to a judicial position (1) by President Adams (1) but Secretary of State

Madison (1) of Jefferson’s Presidency (1) refused to appoint him (1) calling the appointment unfair (1). The Supreme Court ruled that Marbury should be appointed (1) but the court couldn’t enforce the appointment (1) because the section of the Judicial Act of 1789 (1) that gave him the power to issue a “writ” or court order (1) was unconstitutional (1).

18. (5) Judicial Review: By Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (1) John Marshall (1) indicating that the part of the Judicial Act of 1789 was unconstitutional (1) he established that the Supreme Court (1) could rule on the constitutionality of laws (1).

19. (4) McCulloch v. Maryland: Supreme Court ruling that no state (1) had power over a federal institution in its borders (1). This decision greatly increased the power of Congress (1) and established “national supremacy” (1).

20. (2) Elastic clause: Congress has the power to “make all laws necessary and proper” (1) to operate the country under the Constitution (1).

21. (2) Monroe Doctrine: declared that the American continents (1) should no longer be open to colonization (1)

Notes – Unit 2 The Constitution and the New RepublicThursday August 27 -Unit 2 Set 1: The Young Nation

New State Constitutions (125) (Republic) The Revolution Changes Society (125) (separation of church and state, voting rights, women, African-Americans) A weak National Government (126) (Articles of Confederation, Northwest Ordinance of 1787, Shay’s Rebellion)

Friday August 28 - Unit 2 Set 2: A New Constitution A new Constitution (126) (Constitutional Convention) Debate and Compromise (127) (Great Compromise, Three-Fifths Compromise) A framework for limited government (128) (popular sovereignty, federalism, separation of powers) Checks and balances (128) (examples of checks and balances)

Monday August 31 - Unit 2 Set 3: The Fight for Ratification Debating the Constitution (129) (Federalists, Antifederalists, The Federalist) Ratification in Massachusetts (130) (Bill of Rights)

Tuesday September 1 - Unit 2 Set 4: The Early Years of the Republic The early years of the republic (173) (George Washington, the cabinet) Tackling financial troubles (173) (the National Bank) Rise of political parties (174) (The Federalists, Democratic Republicans)

Wednesday September 2 – Unit 2 Set 5: The Early Years of the Republic Tough times for Adams (174) (Washington’s Farewell Address, Alien and Sedition Acts, Virginia and Kentucky

Resolutions) Election of 1800 (175) (details of the election)

Thursday September 3 - Unit 2 Set 6: The Republicans take Power Jefferson in office (175) (Marbury v. Madison) Westward Expansion (175) (The Louisiana Purchase)

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Friday September 4 - Unit 2 Set 7: Growth of American Nationalism Economic nationalism (176) (The American System) Judicial nationalism (176) (McCulloch v. Maryland, Gibbons v. Ogden) Nationalist diplomacy (177) (Adams-Onis Treaty, Monroe Doctrine)

Tuesday September 8 Study for Exam Unit 2

Wednesday September 9 Study for Exam Unit 2

Thursday September 10 Exam Unit 2 Notes Unit 3 Set 1

Friday September 11 Notes Unit 3 Set 2

Unit 3: Growth and ConflictPreviewDifferences in economic, political, and social beliefs can lead to division within a nation. Sectional differences increased as new states joined the union and issues over slavery continued to divide free and slave states. Adding to the tensions South Carolina threatened to leave the Union over high tariffs that raised the price of needed goods. President Jackson initiated the effort to move Native Americans west. Many protested his decision to dissolve the Second Bank of the United States. In response, a new party, the Whigs, organized. During this time reformers began to work to improve society. Religious reformers focused on reviving Americans’ commitment to religion in what became known as the Second Great Awakening. Social reformers were involved in different reform efforts focusing on women’s rights, educational reform, and the abolition of slavery. As the United States continued to expand even further west, sectionalism and disagreements over slavery in the new territories continued to plague the nation. The crisis between free and slave states resulted in the destruction of the Whig Party and division within other political parties. Southern Democrats became convinced that Northerners and Republicans would stop at nothing to end slavery. Spurred by failing compromises and the election of Abraham Lincoln, Southern states seceded from the Union, proclaiming themselves a separate nation known as the Confederate States of America and appointed Jefferson Davis as their president. The country faced many challenges during Reconstruction such as securing the rights of African Americans and repairing the South’s devastated economy. President Lincoln hoped to initiate plans that would unite the country and help the South recover. Radical Republicans believed his plans were too lenient. After Lincoln’s assassination, Andrew Johnson continued his predecessors moderate policies. Southern states defied the North by continuing to deny rights to African Americans and electing former confederates officers to Congress. Dissatisfied Radical Republicans gained support and pushed through their reconstruction plans. Some Southerners formed secret societies to undermine Republican rule.

Vocabulary Terms1. (3) Cotton Kingdom: Description of the economic system of the south (1) which was heavily dependent on the

production of cotton (1) and the use of slave labor (1) 2. (3) The Spoils System: the practice of appointing people (1) to government jobs (1) based on party loyalty and

support (1)3. (3) The Second Great Awakening: religious movement (1) in the early 1800’s (1) to revive American commitment

to religion (1)4. (4) Seneca Falls: women’s rights convention (1) that declared that women ought to have equal rights (1) leaders

included Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1) and Lucretia Mott (1)5. (3) Manifest Destiny: a phrase that described the United States desire (1) to expand its borders and “liberty” (1) from

the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean (1)6. (3) “Middle passage”: The horrific passage of captured Africans (1) being transported on slave ships (1) in route to

the United States (1)7. (3) Missouri Compromise: established Missouri as a slave state (1) Maine as a free state (1) and excluded slavery

north of the parallel of the “36-30” line of latitude (1) 8. (6) Compromise of 1850: Series of laws (1) in which California was to be admitted as a free state(1), the Fugitive

Slave Act(1) would protect the rights of slave owners to recapture slaves in the North(1),the slave trade would be abolished(1) in the District of Columbia but slavery would still be protected there(1).

9. (5) Dred Scott Decision: a slave who sued for freedom (1) north of the “36-30” line (1) the Supreme Court declared him a non citizen (1) in effect slaves could be taken north (1) and remain slaves (1)

10. (3) Emancipation Proclamation: During the early years of the Civil War (1) Lincoln declared that all slaves held in states that were in rebellion against the Union (1) were now free (1)

11. (5) Reconstruction: Post war plan to restore and restructure the South economically, politically, and socially (1) The union army occupied the South for five years, (1) but did little to radically change the South (1) yet was able to pass Constitutional Amendments (1) that would be used in the 20th century to produce more equal opportunity (1).

12. (2) Radical Republicans: Desired to punish Southern rebels after the war (1) and wanted newly freed slaves treated fairly (1)

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13. (2) 13th amendment: outlawed slavery (1) and involuntary servitude (1) in the United States14. (4) 14th amendment: All persons born or naturalized in the United States are citizens (1) are to be equally protected

under the law (1) and shall not be deprived of life, liberty or property (1) without due process (1) 15. (3) 15th amendment: The right of every citizen of the U.S. to vote (1) shall not be denied (1) on account of race,

color, or previous condition of servitude (1)16. (6) Black Codes: Designed to restrict the freedom (1) of black people in the South (1) could not vote (1) marry people

of other ethic backgrounds (1) required them to work in agricultural jobs or domestic service (1) restricted movement (1)

17. (3) Ku Klux Klan: White supremacist organization (1) that opposed Blacks’ rights to full citizenship (1) used terror to intimidate Blacks (1)

Notes - Unit 3: Growth and ConflictThursday September 10 - Unit 3 Set 1: The Resurgence of Sectionalism

The Missouri Compromise (183) (The Missouri Compromise) A disputed election (183) (The Election of 1824) A new era in politics (184) (The Election of 1828, the spread of democracy, the Spoils System) Native American removal (185) (The Indian Removal Act, The Trail of Tears) A new party emerges (186) (The Whigs)

Friday September 11 - Unit 3 Set 2: The Reform Spirit The Second Great Awakening (187) (Charles Finney, the Mormons) Social reform (187) (the Temperance movement, other social reforms) The women’s movement (188) (the Seneca Fall’s Convention, the Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions) Abolitionist movement (188) (William Lloyd Garrison, The Liberator, The American Anti-Slaver Society) African American abolitionists (189) (Frederick Douglass, The North Star, Sojourner Truth)

Monday September 14 - Unit 3 Set 3: Manifest Destiny Pushing west (193) (Manifest Destiny) War with Mexico (195) (Slidell Mission, The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo)

Unit 3 Set 4: Slavery and Western Expansion Impact of war with Mexico (196) (Popular Sovereignty, The Free Soil Party) Congress struggles for a compromise (196) (The Compromise of 1850)

Tuesday September 15 - Unit 3 Set 5: The Crisis Deepens The crisis deepens (198) (The Republican Party) Sectional divisions grow (199) (the Dred Scott Decision) John Brown’s raid (199) (John Brown’s rebellion)

Wednesday September 16 - Unit 3 Set 6: The Union Dissolves The Union Dissolves (199) (The Election of 1860) Compromise fails (200) (Crittenden Compromise, The Confederacy)

Unit 3 Set 7: The Emancipation Proclamation The Emancipation Proclamation (211) (The Emancipation Proclamation)

Thursday September 17 - Unit 3 Set 8: Reconstruction Begins Lincoln and the Radical Republicans (219) (The 10% Plan, The Radical Republicans) Wade-Davis Bill (220) (The Wade-Davis Bill, pocket veto) The Freedmen’s Bureau (220) (The Freedmen’s Bureau) Johnson takes office (220) (Johnson’s Reconstruction Policy, Black Codes)

Friday September 18 - Unit 3 Set 9: Congressional Reconstruction The Fourteenth Amendment (221) (Civil Rights Act of 1866, the 14th Amendment) Military Reconstruction begins (221) (Military Reconstruction Act of 1867) Johnson’s impeachment (222) (Tenure of Office Act, Johnson’s impeachment) Election of 1868 (222) (Election of 1868, 15th Amendment)

Monday September 21 - Unit 3 Set 10: Reconstruction and Republican Rule Carpetbaggers and scalawags (223) (Carpetbaggers and Scalawags) African Americans (223) (Freedmen’s Bureau) Republican policies and reforms (223) (Republican reforms) Southern resistance (224) (KKK, Enforcement Laws of 1870-1871)

Tuesday September 22 - Unit 3 Set 11: Reconstruction Ends Democrats regain strength (224) (Election of 1876) A new South arises (225) (characteristics of the “New South”, sharecropping)

Wednesday September 23 Study for Exam Unit 3

Thursday September 24 Exam Unit 3

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Complete notes Unit 4 set 1Friday September 25

Complete notes Unit 4 Set 2

Unit 4: The Birth of Modern America PreviewLike other nations of the world the United States was completing the transformation from an agrarian/agricultural system to one of industrialization. As industrialization increased the demand for workers increased and so therefore many people moved off the farms to the cities. The cities were complex in the diversity of ethnic groups, yet rather than “melt,” people tended to settle amongst their own language and ethnic groups in distinct neighborhoods. Cities faced overcrowding. Due to the massive influx of people, especially immigrants many of the city governments could not provide adequate services, which allowed for corrupt practices to take root in city politics. In the early stages there were some factories with healthy environments for workers, yet as competition increased and maximizing profits was the defining measure of success, coupled with the lack of government regulation, the working environment became hazardous and wages inadequate for survival. Business leaders arranged themselves to restrict competition to avoid unnecessary competition. This practice hurt the consumers and small competitors. The laborers in these factories and places of employment responded by organizing themselves into labor unions to gain better working environments and receive higher wages. Unions operated under the notion that there was strength in unity and numbers. There were sometimes violent encounters between labor and those that employed them.

Vocabulary Terms1. (5) Industrial Revolution: Describes the transformational period (1) of a primarily agrarian (1) economy and society

(1) to one that was marked by manufacturing (1) and increased urbanization (1)2. (4) Corporation: a collection of people invest in a business (1) are called share holders (1) and have “limited

liability” (1) meaning they are not responsible for the company’s debt (1). 3. (2) J.D. Rockefeller: Owner of Standard Oil Company (1) Dominated the oil business (1) 4. (2) Philanthropists: one who gives money (1) for the betterment of humankind (1).5. (3) Settlement House: institution located in a poor neighborhood (1) that provided numerous community services (1)

such as medical care, child care, libraries, and classes in English (1) 6. (4) Andrew Carnegie: a “rags to riches” story (1) who built Carnegie Steel Company (1) he becomes a philanthropist

(1) donated much of his money to charity and libraries (1) 7. (4) J.P. Morgan: Bought failing companies (1) and reorganized them with others (1) and made them profitable (1)

Bought out Carnegie and formed United States Steel (1) 8. (5) Pools: informal agreement of businesses (1) in a specific industry (1) to fix prices (1) in order to maximize profit

(1) usually failed because one company would break the agreement (1)9. (4) Trusts: formal agreement (1) in having a group of people hold shares (1) so similar companies could set (1) and

maintain fixed prices (1)10. (2) Unions: Workers organized as a group to seek higher wages (1) and improved working conditions (1) 11. (3) Commonwealth v. Hunt: Massachusetts Supreme Court (1) declared labor unions (1) to be as legitimate as a club

or other organization (1)12. (5) The Knights of Labor: inclusive labor union consisting of different religions, men and women, immigrants (1)

both skilled and unskilled workers (1) barred only jobs they considered “non-producers” (1) fought for the eight-hour workday (1) and were against child labor (1)

13. (2) Jim Crow Laws: laws that segregated black and white people (1) in the South (1)14. (4) Plessy v. Ferguson: the Supreme Court legalized segregation (1) in public places (1) if the facilities were equal in

condition or function (1) “separate but equal” was established (1)15. (5) Haymarket Square Riot: Police tried to break a meeting of anarchist (1) and communist (1) in Chicago (1). A

bomb exploded (1) killing 7 policemen and wounding 70 (1)16. (8) American Federation of Labor (AFL): a businesslike (1) and non-revolutionary (1) labor union (1) directed by

Samuel Gompers (1) wanting higher wages (1) shorter hours (1) and safer working conditions (1) called “Bread and Butter” Unionism (1)

17. (3) Melting Pot: characterized American cities (1) with its great mixture of immigrants (1) although most immigrants lived in neighborhoods with one ethnic group represented (1)

18. (2) Boss Tweed: Political boss of New York (1) who stole $45 million from the city (1)19. (4) Gospel of wealth: Carnegie defended the accumulation of wealth (1) arguing that millionaires (1) would help the

poor (1) by donating some of their money to worthy causes (1) 20. (6) Social Darwinism: Applying Darwin’s principle of natural selection (1) “survival of the fittest” (1) it was argued

that government ought to stay out of the business world (1) and unrestricted competition (1) eliminates the weakest businesses (1) and improves the economy as a whole (1)

21. (3) Hull House: The settlement house (1) run by Jane Addams (1) in Chicago (1).22. (3) Booker T. Washington: Founder of Tuskegee Institute (1) focused on job training programs (1) for Blacks (1).

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23. (3) W.E.B. DuBois: Leader of the Niagara Movement (1) that demanded immediate black equality (1) in all areas of society (1)

24. (4) Granger Movement: Farmers organized politically (1) in order to regulate railroads (1) and increase “cheap money” (1) did not do much to change the lives of farmers (1)

25. (3) Munn v. Illinois: Supreme Court ruled that the state could regulate (1) the amount charged for grain storage (1) set the precedent that the government could regulate private businesses (1)

26. (4) Populist Party: Political party which wanted to increase the money supply (1) wanted a Federal income tax (1) and called for the government ownership of railroads (1) telegraph, and telephone (1).

27. (3) Sherman Antitrust Act: attempted to prevent business firms (1) from combining (1) to restrict competition (1)

Notes – Unit 4: The Birth of Modern AmericaThursday September 24 - Unit 4 Set 1: The U.S. Industrializes

Natural resources (244) (name them) A large workforce (244) (immigration) Free Enterprise (245) (free enterprise system, laissez-faire, tariffs) New Inventions (245) (Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Edison, Gustavus Swift)

Friday September 25 - Unit 4 Set 2: The Railroads: Linking the Nation Railroads Linking the Nation (246) (growth of railroads) Railroads spur growth (247) (standard gauge, time zones) Land grant system (247) (land grant system) Robber Barons (248) (Robber Barons)

Monday September 28 - Unit 4 Set 3: The Rise of Big Business The role of corporations (248) (Corporations) The consolidation of industry (248) (Andrew Carnegie, vertical integration, John D. Rockefeller, a monopoly, trust)

Tuesday September 29 - Unit 4 Set 4: Unions Working in the United States (250) (life for workers, unions, collective bargaining) Opposition to Unions (250) (reasons to oppose unions) The struggle to organize (250) (techniques used to stop unions from organizing) The American Federation of Labor (251) (goals of the AFL, Samuel Gompers, bread and butter unionism, closed

shop)Wednesday September 30 - Unit 4 Set 5: Immigration

Europeans flood into the U.S. (255) (why did immigrants come to the U.S., Ellis Island, ethnic neighborhoods) Asian immigration to America (256) (Chinese immigration, Angel Island) The resurgence of nativism (257) (definition of nativism, reasons for nativism, American Protective Association, the

Workingman’s Party, the Chinese Exclusion Act)Thursday October 1 - Unit 4 Set 6: Urbanization

The growth of American cities (259) (characteristics of cities) The new urban environment (259) (skyscrapers, mass transit) Separation by class (260) (American class system and the effect on the city, middle class) Urban problems and politics (260) (problems of the city, political machines, Boss Tweed)

Friday October 2 - Unit 4 Set 7: The Gilded Age A changing culture (265) (the Gilded Age, Horatio Alger) Social Darwinism (266) (Social Darwinism, survival of the fittest, Andrew Carnegie, Gospel of Wealth) Popular Culture (267) (entertainment, sports)

Monday October 5 -Unit 4 Set 8: The Rebirth of Reform The rebirth of reform (267) (why was change necessary and how would it happen?) Helping the urban poor (268) (Social Gospel, YMCA, Salvation Army, Jane Addams, settlement houses) Public education (270) (characteristics of public schools, Americanization, Booker T. Washington, Tuskegee Institute)

Tuesday October 6 - Unit 4 Set 9: Politics and Reform Cleaning up politics (272) (the Pendleton Act) Two parties, neck and neck (273) (Republicans v. Democrats) Commerce, trusts, and tariffs (274) (corporations, Interstate Commerce Commission) Republicans regain power (274) (McKinley Tariff, Sherman Antitrust Act)

Wednesday October 7 - Unit 4 Set 10: Populism Unrest in rural America (275) (the Grangers, Granger Laws, Wabash v. Illinois) Farmers’ Alliance (276) ) (the Populist Party) A populist for president (277) (Populist Party platform)

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The election of 1896 (278) (the election of 1896, William Jennings Bryan, cross of gold speech, silver issue, William McKinley)

Thursday October 8 - Unit 4 Set 11: The Rise of Segregation The Rise of Segregation (279) (sharecroppers) Resistance and repression (279) (Exodusters, the Populist Party) Disenfranchising African Americans (279) (15th Amendment, poll tax, literacy test) Legalizing segregation (280) (Jim Crow Laws, Plessy v. Ferguson) African American response (281) (lynching, Ida B. Wells, Booker T. Washington, Atlanta Compromise, W.E.B.

Dubois, Souls of Black Folk)Friday October 9

Study for exam Unit 4Monday October 12

Study for exam Unit 4Tuesday October 13

Exam Unit 4 Complete Notes Unit 5 Set 1 & 2

Wednesday October 14 Complete Notes Unit 5 Set 3 & 4

Unit 5: United States ExpansionPreviewThe most significant geographic continental expansion for Untied States occurred in the 1800s (19 th Century). This Expansion took place through purchase, agreement, and war. The United States also extended its borders beyond the continent in the late 1800s to the early 1900s. Although this expansion did acquire some land the primary expansion was economic-meaning that we acquired markets (places to sell our goods) and resources (natural products that went into production of goods). America went to war with Spain and defeated them in Cuba and the Philippines. As a result America had considerable economic and political control of these two regions. The United States also had a significant interest and influence in China. The United States primary concern was that China, with its enormous population, be an open market for U.S. trade.

Vocabulary Terms1. (3) Imperialism: One nation dominating one or more nations (1) by use of military (1) or economic policy (1).2. (5) Seward’s Folly: Secretary of State Seward persuaded America to purchase Alaska (1) from Russia (1) for $7.2

million (1) Seward was ridiculed that the purchase was a mistake (1) because Alaska was an “ice box” (1)3. (5) Alfred Thayer Mahan: Persuaded American leaders to increase its navy (1) expand markets overseas (1)

construct a canal in Panama (1) dominate the Caribbean (1) and control Samoa and Hawaii (1)4. (3) Yellow Journalism: Sensationalistic newspaper reporting (1) that distorted the truth to sell papers (1) Contributed

to the cause of the Spanish American War (1)5. (6) Spanish-American War: War fought in the Spanish colonies (1) of Cuba and the Philippines (1) The war lasted a

few months and United States was victorious (1) As a result the United States acquired Puerto Rico (1) Guam (1) and the Philippines (1)

6. (5) Rough Riders: Group of cowboys (1) and polo players (1) led by Theodore Roosevelt (1) who fought a ground campaign in Cuba (1) during the Spanish American War (1)

7. (3) Open Door Policy: U.S. proclaimed that all regions of China (1) would be open for foreign trade (1) in effect this ended countries spheres of influence (1)

8. (4) Boxer Rebellion: Chinese opposed to foreign domination of their nation (1) destroyed foreign property in China (1) killed Christian missionaries (1) and foreigners involved in trade (1)

9. (4) Panama Canal: Theodore Roosevelt initiated the canal across Panama (1) by condoning a Panamanian revolution against Columbia (1) the canal promoted more rapid trade (1) and movement of the U.S. Navy (1)

10. (3) Big Stick Diplomacy: Theodore Roosevelt’s policy (1) of backing United States interest in Latin America (1) with a strong military (1)

11. (4) Roosevelt Corollary: A “natural addition” to the Monroe Doctrine (1) which stated that when the governments of Latin America (1) were in political or economic trouble (1) the U.S. had the right to involve itself (1)

12. (5) Dollar Diplomacy: President Taft’s policy (1) of investing financially (1) in Latin America (1) in order to gain influence (1) and by protecting those investments with the American military (1)

13. (2) Teller Amendment: Pledged that the United States (1) allow Cuba to be a sovereign nation (1)14. (4) Platt Amendment: Cuba’s agreement upon the United States withdrawal from Cuba (1) to allow the U.S. to lease

land in Cuba (1) intervene when necessary (1) and for Cuba to make no treaties with foreign nations (1)

Notes - Unit 5: United States ExpansionTuesday October 13 - Unit 5 Set 1: Building Support for Imperialism

Building Support for Imperialism (295)

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A desire for new markets (295) (why did Americans favor expansion) A feeling of superiority (296) (Social Darwinism, John Fiske, Josiah Strong)

Unit 5 Set 2: Expansion in the Pacific Expansion in the Pacific (296) Perry opens Japan (296) Annexing Hawaii (297) (struggle between the locals and American settlers)

Wednesday October 14 - Unit 5 Set 3: Relations with Latin America Relations with Latin America (298) (James Blaine, Pan-American Conference, Organization of American States)

Unit 5 Set 4: Building a Modern Navy Building a Modern Navy (299) (Samoa, Chile, Alfred Mahan)

Thursday October 15 -Unit 5 Set 5: The Spanish American War Americans support the Cubans (302) (Hearst and Pulitzer, Yellow Journalism, Butcher Weyler) Calling out for war (302) (Weyler, the Maine, De-Lome letter, jingoism)

Unit 5 Set 6: A War on Two Fronts The Philippines (303) (George Dewey, Emilio Aguinaldo) American forces battle in Cuba (303) (Rough Riders)

Friday October 16 - Unit 5 Set 7: An American Empire is Born An American Empire is born (305) (Treaty of Paris) The debate over annexation (305) (debate over imperialism Rebellion in the Philippines (306) Governing Puerto Rico (307) Cuba and the Platt Amendment (307)

Monday October 19 - Unit 5 Set 8: Theodore Roosevelt’s Rise to Power Election of 1900 (311) Roosevelt becomes president (311)

Unit 5 Set 9: American diplomacy in Asia The Open Door Policy (312) Boxer Rebellion (313) Balancing power in East Asia (313)

Tuesday October 20 - Unit 5 Set 10: A growing presence in the Caribbean The Panama Canal (314) Revolt in Panama (314) The Roosevelt Corollary (314)

Wednesday October 21 Study for Exam Unit 5

Thursday October 22 Exam Unit 5 Complete Notes Unit 6 Set 1 & 2

Friday October 23 Complete Notes Unit 6 Set 3

Unit 6: The Progressive MovementPreviewIn response to the abuses of those in government and business, groups of people and individuals responded by calling for reform. Some of these reformers addressed the needs of men and women that suffered from the legacy of slavery and gender inequality, and others that had been the victims of urbanization and industrialization. Other reformers pushed for the restriction of businesses that had unfairly restricted competition or abused the trust of the public by selling products that were fraudulent or hazardous. Some reformers united together politically to create change in the economic and political policies of the United States.

Vocabulary Terms1. (3) Interstate Commerce Act of 1887: Congress banned rebates (1) determined that cost of railways shipment would

be proportional to distance (1) and allowed railroad rates to be inspected (1)2. (2) Theodore Roosevelt: President of the United States (1) Known as the “trust buster” (1)

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3. (3) Progressive Era: describes a greater inclusion of people into politics (1) and characterized by reforms (1) in government and business (1)

4. (2) Upton Sinclair: Author of The Jungle (1) which exposed the packaging of rotten meat (1)5. (1) 16th Amendment: Federal Income Tax is established (1)6. (3) Pure Food and Drug Act: Forbade the sale of impure foods (1) drugs (1) and liquors (1)7. (3) Initiative: With 5-8% (1) of the population signing a petition (1) a bill could be placed on the ballot (1)8. (3) Referendum: The vote (1) to determine whether the initiative (1) does or does not become a law (1)9. (3) Recall: By petition (1) the voters could force an elected official (1) to stand for reelection (1)10. (2) 17th Amendment: Rather than the state legislatures electing Senators (1) popular vote would determine the

senator (1) 11. (2) 19th Amendment: gave women (1) the right to vote in 1920 (1)12. (3) Muckrakers: Journalists (1) who looked to expose corruption (1) in government and business (1)13. (4) New Nationalism: Roosevelt’s plan (1) which described that America needed a strong national government (1) to

regulate business (1) and insure the fair treatment of the people (1)14. (3) New Freedom: Wilson’s plan (1) to describe the importance of insuring private enterprise (1) but with public

supervision (1)15. (4) Clayton Anti-Trust Act: Prohibited one company from taking over another company (1) if it created a monopoly

(1) Also forbade anyone to serve as a director for two of more companies (1) in order to lessen competition (1)16. (4) Federal Reserve Act: To prevent “runs of banks” (1) 12 Federal Reserve Banks (1) were created to

issue credit (1) to local banks when necessary (1)17. (3) Robert LaFolette: A Progressive (1) who battled for reforms (1) like the Direct Primary (1)

Notes - Unit 6: The ProgressivesThursday October 22 - Unit 6 Set 1: The Rise of Progressivism

Who were the Progressives (327) The Muckrakers (328) (Ida Tarbell, Lincoln Steffens, Jacob Riis)

Unit 6 Set 2: Democracy and Progressivism Laboratory of democracy (330) (Robert Lafollete, Initiative, Referendum, Recall, 17th Amendment) Direct election of senators (330)

Friday October 23 - Unit 6 Set 3: The Suffrage Movement Early problems (330) (National Woman Suffrage Association, American Woman Suffrage Association The movement builds support (331) (National Woman Suffrage Association) The 19th Amendment (332) (19th Amendment)

Monday October 26 - Unit 6 Set 4: Social Welfare Progressivism The campaign against child labor (333) (John Spargo, child labor laws) Health and safety codes (334) (Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire, worker’s compensation laws, building codes, health

codes) The prohibition movement (334) (WCTU, Anti-Saloon League)

Tuesday October 27 - Unit 6 Set 5: Progressives versus Big Business Progressives versus big business (335) (Progressive beliefs, socialism, Eugene Debs)

Unit 6 Set 6: Roosevelt revives the presidency Roosevelt takes on the trusts (341) (Trusts, Sherman Antitrust Act, Northern Securities v. United States) The coal strike of 1902 (342) (United Mine Workers, Teddy Roosevelt’s role in the strike) The Bureau of Corporations (343) (Bureau of Corporations) Congress Follows (343) (Hepburn Act)

Wednesday October 28 - Unit 6 Set 7: Consumer Protection and Conservation Consumer Protection (344) (Samuel Hopkins Adams, Colliers, Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, The Meat Inspection Act,

The Pure Food and Drug Act) Conservation (344) Land development in the West (344) (Newland Reclamation Act) Timber resources (344) (National Parks, Wildlife Reserves) Roosevelt’s legacy (345)

Thursday October 29 - Unit 6 Set 8: Taft Becomes President Payne-Aldrich Tariff (350) (Payne Aldrich Tariff Ballinger-Pinchot controversy (350) (Ballinger-Pinchot Controversy) Taft’s progressive reforms (351) (Children’s Bureau, Mann Elkins Act, Taft and U.S. Steel)

Friday October 30 - Unit 6 Set 9: The Election of 1912 The Republican Party splits (353) (Roosevelt v. Taft, The Bull Moose Party) New Freedom versus New Nationalism (354) (Describe both)

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Wilson is Elected (354) (Why was Wilson elected)Monday November 2 - Unit 6 Set 10: Regulating the Economy

Reforming tariffs (354) (the Underwood Tariff, the 16th Amendment) Reforming the banks (355) (Federal Reserve Act, Federal Reserve System) Antitrust action (355) (Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Anti-Trust Act)

Tuesday November 3 - Unit 6 Set 11: Federal Aid and Social Welfare Federal aid and social welfare (356) (Keating-Owen Child Labor Act, Adamson Act, Federal Farm Loan Act)

Unit 6 Set 12: The Legacy of Progressivism A new kid of government (357) The limits of progressivism (357) (W.E.B. Dubois, Niagara Movement, NAACP) Study for Exam Unit 6

Wednesday November 4 Study for Exam Unit 6

Thursday November 5 Study for Exam Unit 6

Friday November 6 Exam Unit 6 Complete Notes Unit 7 Sets 1-2

Monday November 9 Complete Notes Unit 7 Set 3

Unit 7: World War One and its AftermathPreviewWhen European nations went to war in 1914 the United States was reluctant to involve itself. The United States eventually entered the war because of the apparently immoral actions Germany had directed toward civilians and the financial stake the U.S. had in Britain and France winning. The United States conducted a draft of soldiers, organized its industries to produce weapons of war, developed a plan to sway public opinion in support of the war, and restricted dissenting voices. When the Germans were defeated in 1918 they were punished with reparations. President Wilson saw the end of the war as an opportunity to insure world peace and cooperation, yet the congress defeated his plan believing that it would involve the United States unnecessarily with international disputes which would further lead us into foreign entanglements and war.

Vocabulary Terms1. (3) Arabic and Sussex Pledges: After sinking British and French ships (1) Germany made pledges both times (1) and

vowed not to do it again (1)2. (3) Unlimited Submarine Warfare: Germany announced (1) that it would sink any ships (1) sailing in the waters

surrounding Great Britain (1) 3. (4) Zimmerman Telegram: The German foreign minister (1) sent a telegram to Mexico (1) asking them to fight

against the Allied powers (1) Mexico was promised German help in reclaiming land lost in the Mexican-American War (1)

4. (5) Fourteen Points: Wilson’s vision of the world (1) where there would be no secret treaties amongst nations (1) freedom of the seas (1) people could govern themselves (1) and the establishment of a League of Nations (1)

5. (2) Selective Service Act: required all men 21-31 to register for military service (1) 10 million men enlisted for the draft (1)

6. (4) William McAdoo: Secretary of the Treasury (1) regulated America’s railroad system (1) and telecommunication companies (1) during the war (1)

7. (4) Council of Defense: Lead by Herbert Hoover (1) who called for voluntary rationing of food and fuel (1) He set high prices for agricultural products (1) to encourage farmers to produce more food (1)

8. (4) War Industries Board: Lead by Bernard Baruch (1) who determined the economic direction of the country (1) and persuaded American industry (1) to direct production toward the war effort (1)

9. (3) Committee of Public Information: Lead by George Creel (1) who directed the office for American propaganda (1) assured Americans that the war was being fought to keep the world safe for democracy (1)

10. (3) Sedition Act of 1918: Allowed the U.S. government to arrest (1) and bring to trial (1) influential citizens who spoke out against America’s involvement in the war (1)

11. (3) Eugene Debs: Socialist candidate for President (1) who was sentenced to 10 years in jail (1) for opposing Americans involvement in the war (1)

12. (4) Treaty of Versailles: Peace treaty that ended World War One (1) and forced Germany to forfeit its colonies (1) created new nations from the Austria-Hungarian empire (1) and forced Germany to pay for the war (1)

13. (4) League of Nations: A world organization (1) that would serve to prevent further wars (1). America failed to enter the league (1) on protests that it would entangle us in European problems (1)

14. (3) Red Scare: fear that communists (1) and anarchists (1) were planning to take over America (1)

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15. (8) Communism: government controls the economic system (1) by determining what will be produced (1) how it will be produced (1) and how much the product will cost (1) in theory the people share all property in common (1) and the government is democratic (1) in reality government forcibly controlled the people (1) and all private property (1)

16. (4) Mitchell Palmer: district attorney (1) chief lawyer of the land (1) who believed that America was plagued by anti-American radicals (1) conducted raids to find them (1)

Notes - Unit 7: United States and World War One and its Aftermath

Friday November 6 - Unit 7 Set 1: The Outbreak of World War I The outbreak of World War I (368) (Causes of World War I, the Alliance System)

Unit 7 Set 2: American Neutrality Americans take sides (371) Pro-British sentiment (371) (Why did we support the British) Business links (372)

Monday November 9 – Unit 7 Set 3: Moving Toward War Unit 7 Set 3: Moving Toward War

The British blockade (373) (U-Boats, Lusitania, Sussex Pledge) The U.S. declares war (373) (The Zimmerman Telegram)

Tuesday November 10 - Unit 7 Set 4: Building up the Military Selective service (376) (Selective Service Act of 1917) African Americans in the war (376) (the African-American experience during World War I) Women in the military (377) (experience for women during World War I)

Unit 7 Set 5: Organizing Industry War Industries Board (377) (What did they do?) Food and fuel (377) (Herbert Hoover, Harry Garfield) Paying for the war (378) (taxes, war bonds)

Unit 7 Set 6: Mobilizing the Workforce Mobilizing the workforce (378) (National War Labor Board) Women support industry (378) (women in the workforce) Great Migration begins (379) (Migration of African-Americans)

Thursday November 12 - Unit 7 Set 7: Ensuring Public Support Selling the war (379) (Committee on Public Information, American Civil Liberties Union) Civil liberties curtailed (380) (Espionage Act of 1917, Sedition Act of 1918) A climate of suspicion (381) (reaction to the Germans) The Supreme Court limits free speech (381) (Schenck v. United States)

Friday November 13 - Unit 7 Set 8: A Flawed Peace A Flawed Peace (388) (The big four, The Fourteen Points) The Treaty of Versailles (389) (details of the Treaty of Versailles) U.S. Senate rejects the treaty (389) (Irreconcilables, Reservationists, outcome of the League of Nations)

Monday November 16 - Unit 7 Set 9: The War’s Impact An economy in turmoil (391) (why was the economy in turmoil) Inflation leads to strikes (391) (how did inflation lead to strikes)

Unit 7 Set 10: Racial Unrest Racial unrest (392) (what caused racial unrest, Chicago)

Unit 7 Set 11: The Red Scare The Red Scare begins (393) (Red Scare, Attorney General Mitchell Palmer) The Palmer raids (394) (the Palmer Raids)

Unit 7 Set 12: An End to Progressivism An end to Progressivism (395) (a return to normalcy)

Tuesday November 17 Complete all quiz cards for unit 7

Wednesday November 18 Study for Exam Unit 7

Thursday November 19 Exam Unit 7 Complete notes Unit 8 Sets 1 & 2

Friday November 20 Complete notes Unit 8 Sets 3-5

Unit 8: 1920s-From Boom to BustPreview

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Following World War One there was an eagerness for the United States to withdraw from international affairs, discourage foreign immigration, and to attack “foreign” ideologies. Groups in the U.S. that opposed ethnic and religious minorities gained greater influence and membership. Women were recognized as equal voting partners and gained more freedom socially. In general there was a greater social relaxation of traditional norms. Although alcohol was banned it was not a law that was honored. Although the values of companies were rising as reflected in the stock market, there was not much real economic growth. After the stock market crashed, revealing the grim economic realities, there was some attempt by Hoover to revive the economy, yet apparently too little was done and the country entered into an economic depression.

Vocabulary Terms1. (3) National Origins Act of 1924: restricted (1) the number of immigrants (1) allowed to come to America (1)2. (6) The KKK: organization which used terror and harassment (1) aimed at black people (1) Catholics (1) and Jews (1)

claimed to defend the “native born” white population (1) and became politically influential in the 1920s (1) 3. (5) Sacco and Vanzetti: Italian immigrants (1) who were self proclaimed anarchists (1) who were convicted of robbery

and murder (1) without solid evidence (1) and sentenced to death (1) 4. (4) 18th Amendment: Prohibited the production (1) distribution (1) and consumption of alcohol (1) Commonly referred to

as “Prohibition” (1) 5. (2) Volstead Act: Federal law (1) that enforced the 18th Amendment (1).6. (6) Teapot Dome: A valuable national oil reserve (1) was leased by the Secretary of the Interior, (1) Albert Fall, (1) to

private interest (1) in exchange for gifts and “loans” (1) during the Harding presidency (1)7. (5) Kellogg-Briand Pact: World powers (1) agreed to seek peaceful solution (1) to all international disputes (1) Without

ways to enforce the pact (1) it was ineffective (1)8. (3) Washington Arms Conference: First successful disarmament (1) conference in modern history (1) and was designed

to restrain Japan (1)Notes - Unit 8: The 1920s - From Boom to Bust

Thursday November 19 - Unit 8 Set 1: Nativism Resurges Nativism Resurges (407) (Nativism and its impact) Sacco and Vanzetti case (407) (Sacco and Vanzetti Trial) Return of the KKK (408) (KKK)

Unit 8 Set 2: Controlling Immigration Controlling immigration (408) (Emergency Quota Act) National Origins Act of 1924 (409) (National Origins Act of 1924 and 1929) Hispanic immigration to the U.S. (409) (Mexican immigration)

Friday November 20 – Unit 8 Set 3: The New Morality Women in the 1920’s (410) (flappers, Margaret Sanger)

Unit 8 Set 4: The Fundamentalist Movement Fundamentalist beliefs (411) (fundamentalism, Charles Darwin The Scopes Trial (411) (John Scopes, William Jennings Bryan, Clarence Darrow)

Unit 8 Set 5: Prohibition Prohibition (412) (18th Amendment, the Volstead Act, prohibition unit, speakeasies, bootlegging, Al Capone, 21st

Amendment)Monday November 30 - Unit 8 Set 6: Art and Literature

Art and Literature (419) (themes in art and literature) Poets and writers (420) (T.S. Eliot, Eugene O’ Neil, Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Lost Generation)

Unit 8 Set 7: Pop Culture Pop Culture (420) (forms of popular culture) Baseball, boxing, and other sports (420) (Babe Ruth, Jack Dempsey) The rise of Hollywood (421) (Movie stars of the 1920’s , the Jazz Singer) Popular radio shows and music (421) (Warren Harding, Amos n’ Andy, effects of radio)

Tuesday December 1 - Unit 8 Set 8: African Americans The Harlem Renaissance (427) (the Great Migration) The writers (427) (Langston Huges, Countee Cullen, Zora Hurston) Jazz, blues, theater (428) (Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, Cotton Club, Bessie Smith, Shuffle Along, Paul

Robeson, Josephine Baker) The black vote in the North (430) (African American impact on politics) The NAACP battles lynching (430) (anti-lynching bill) Black nationalism and Marcus Garvey (431) (Marcus Garvey, Negro Nationalism, UNIA, Liberia)

Wednesday December 2 - Unit 8 Set 9: Harding Administration A self-doubter in the White House (445) (return to normalcy) The Ohio Gang (445) (Harding’s cabinet appointments) Teapot Dome scandal (446) (Teapot Dome Scandal, Albert Fall)

Unit 8 Set 10: The Coolidge Administration Silent Cal takes over (447) (Calvin Coolidge’s philosophy)

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Thursday December 3 - Unit 8 Set 11: Rise of New Industries Rise of New Industries (450) (automobile, mass production) The assembly line (450) (the assembly line, Model T) Social impact of the automobile (451) (Henry Ford, impact of the automobile) Consumer goods industry (452) (new products) Airline industry (452) (airmail service, Charles Lindbergh, commercial air service) Radio industry (453) (NBC and CBS)

Friday December 4 - Unit 8 Set 12: Consumer Society Easy credit (453) (“buy now, pay later”) Mass advertising (454) (Advertising) Managerial revolution (454) (characteristics of the managerial revolution) Welfare capitalism (454) (Welfare Capitalism)

Unit 8 Set 13: The Farm Crisis Returns Changing market conditions (455) (effect of the war on farmers) Helping farmers (455) (McNary Haugen Bill)

Monday December 7 - Unit 8 Set 14: Promoting Prosperity The Mellon program (457) (Andrew Mellon, Mellon’s goals) Hoover’s Cooperative Individualism (457) (Cooperative individualism)

Unit 8 Set 15: Trade and Arms Control Isolationism (458) (define isolationism) Dawes Plan (458) (Dawes Plan) The Washington Conference (459) (Five Power Treaty, Four Power Treaty, Nine Power Treaty) Abolishing war (459) (Kellog-Briand Pact)

Tuesday December 8 Review Unit 1

Wednesday December 9 Review Unit 2

Thursday December 10 Review Units 3-4

Friday December 11 Review Units 5-6

Monday December 14 Review Unit 7

Tuesday December 13 Review Units 1-8

Wednesday December 16 Finals

Thursday December 17 Finals

Friday December 18 Finals

Unit 9: The Great Depression and New DealPreviewWhen FDR entered office there was much expectancy and hope that he could do something to restore economic prosperity. FDR did take quick action to preserve faith in our banking system and made moves to regulate the stock market. He also put people to work by creating government work programs. FDR implemented massive public work projects to stimulate the economy and encouraged large corporations to cooperate at setting prices and wages. FDR also gave credibility to labor organizations allowing them to bargain collectively with management. Not everyone was in favor of FDR’s plan for the country, which was labeled the New Deal. Some attacked him as a socialist (one who would want the government to control business and restrict free enterprise) and others said he was too conservative (not having government involved enough). Also as part of the New Deal congress passed Social Security to help with retirement and also for those who lost jobs. The Supreme Court did oppose FDR on much of his New Deal agenda, and FDR made attempts to curb its power, and did have some success. The massive amounts of money that would take to spend us out of the Depression eventually came to be as the United States entered World War Two.

Vocabulary Terms1. (2) Franklin Roosevelt (FDR): Democratic President of the Untied States (1) during the Great Depression (1)

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2. (5) Reconstruction Finance Corporation: created by President Hoover (1) to lend money to needy banks (1) railroads (1) insurance companies (1) and farm credit associations (1)

3. (4) Black Tuesday: the value of stocks dropped dramatically (1) many investors lost everything (1) signaled economic problems (1) in the American economic system (1)

4. (10) Buying on Margin: investing a small portion of cash (1) in stock (1) and borrowing the rest (1) if the price went up (1) the investor would benefit (1) and pay off loans (1) if the value went down (1) an investor could lose everything (1) and so would the bank (1) that issued the initial loan (1)

5. (5) Bonus Army: unemployed veterans (1) marched to Washington D.C. (1) demanding full cash for their insurance policies (1) they camped in the capital (1) and were eventually driven away by the U.S. Army (1)

6. (5) New Deal: Roosevelt’s plan of relief (1) recovery (1) and reform (1) and government experimentation (1) to fight the Great Depression (1)

7. (3) Brain Trust: collection of advisors (1) to the president (1) that were the best and brightest in their fields (1)8. (2) Frances Perkins: FDR’s Secretary of Labor (1) The first woman appointed to a Presidential cabinet (1)9. (2) “Banking Holiday”: all banks were closed (1) to make sure banks were in good financial condition (1)10. (2)“Hundred days”: Laws that were passed (1) at the beginning of Roosevelt’s first term as president (1)11. (5) Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation: Government would insure that deposits in banks (1) were guaranteed

(1) up to $5000 (1) in the event that a bank went out of business (1) and to increase confidence in the nations banks (1)

12. (4) Securities and Exchange Commission: Regulated the stock market (1) in that companies had to provide information on the health of their company (1), as well as investigate (1) and prosecute fraudulent claims (1)

13. (2) 21st Amendment: Repealed the 18th Amendment (1) Made alcohol legal in America (1)14. (5) Civilian Conservation Corps: Provided 250,000 men (1) ages 18-25 (1) with government jobs (1) to help

develop national parks (1) and restore American historical sites (1)15. (4) Tennessee Valley Authority: Built dams (1) and brought electricity (1) to the seven states (1) in the Tennessee

Valley (1) 16. (4) Agricultural Adjustment Act: To increase the level of income for farmers (1) they were directed to reduce their

output (1) and destroy some animals (1) Prices for agricultural products rose as a result (1)17. (7) National Recovery Administration: Plan to restrict production (1) and competition (1) for major corporations (1)

and set wages (1) and hours for employees (1) Included section 7a (1) giving workers the right to organize in unions (1)

18. (6) Social Security: Government retirement program (1) where employees have money deducted from their paycheck (1) and upon their retirement (1) they would receive money to live on (1) Also instigated public assistance/welfare (1) and gave help to the unemployed (1)

19. (4) Wagner Act: Established the National Labor Relations Board (1) which guaranteed the right of workers to belong to unions (1) and to practice “collective bargaining” (1) for fair wages and practices (1)

20. (4) Court packing: FDR’s attempt to increase the Supreme Court Justices (1) from nine to fifteen (1) in order to make appointments of justices (1) who would agree with his New Deal legislation (1)

21. (5) Dust Bowl: Describes the Midwest (1) becoming incredibly arid (1) in the 1930’s (1) due to a lack of rain (1) which resulted in massive dust storms (1)

Unit 9: The Great Depression and New DealMonday January 4 - Unit 9 Set 1: The Election of 1928

The candidates (469) (Herbert Hoover and Alfred Smith) Campaign issues (469)

Unit 9 Set 2: The Long Bull Market The long bull market (470) (Define the bull market in the 1920’s)

Unit 9 Set 3: The Great Crash Crash! (471) (Black Thursday and Black Tuesday) Banks in a tailspin (472) (how did banks suffer from the crash, run on the banks)

Tuesday January 5 - Unit 9 Set 4: Roots of the Great Depression Uneven distribution of income (473) (installment buying) Loss of export sales (473) (Hawley Smoot Tariff) Mistakes by the Federal Reserve (473)

Wednesday January 6 - Unit 9 Set 5: The Depression Worsens The depression worsens (475) Lining up at soup kitchens (475)

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Living in makeshift villages (475) (Hoovervilles) The Dust Bowl (476) (Okies, Grapes of Wrath)

Thursday January 7 - Unit 9 Set 6: Escaping the Depression The Hollywood fantasy factory (477) (Marlene Dietrich, Greta Garbo, popular movies)

Unit 9 Set 7: The Depression in Art The depression in art (479)

Friday January 8 - Unit 9 Set 8: Hoover Responds Voluntary efforts and public works (483) Trying to rescue banks (485) (Reconstruction Finance Corporation) Direct help for citizens (485) (Emergency Relief and Construction Act)Unit 9 Set 9: In an Angry Mood Farmer’s revolt (486) (foreclosures) The Bonus Marches (486) (The Bonus Army)

Monday January 11 - Unit 9 Set 10: Roosevelt Takes Office Roosevelt takes office (499) (New Deal, election results) Roosevelt is inaugurated (500)

Tuesday January 12 - Unit 9 Set 11: The Hundred Days Begins The hundred days begins (501) (Brain Trust)

Unit 9 Set 12: Fixing the Banks and the Stock Market Emergency Banking Relief Act (502) (Banking Holiday, Fireside Chats) Regulating banks and brokers (503) (Glass-Steagall Banking Act, Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC),

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation)) Unit 9 Set 13: Managing Farms and Industry

AAA (503) A blueprint for industrial recovery (503) (NIRA, NRA)

Wednesday January 13 - Unit 9 Set 15: Spending and Relief Programs The CCC (505) Public works and emergency relief (505) (FERA, PWA) The CWA (506)

Thursday January 14 - Unit 9 Set 16: Challenges to the New Deal Criticism from the left and the right (511) Huey Long (512) Father Coughlin (512) Townshend Plan (512)

Friday January 15 - Unit 9 Set 17: Launching the Second New Deal The WPA (513) The Supreme Court’s rule (513) (Schechter v. United States)Unit 9 Set 18: The Rise of Industrial Unions The rise of industrial unions (514) The National Labor Relations Act (514) (Wagner Act, NLRB) The CIO (515) (John Lewis) Unit 9 Set 19: The Social Security Act The Social Security Act (516)

Tuesday January 19 - Unit 9 Set 20: Roosevelt’s Second Term Election of 1936 (521) Court packing plan (522) The Roosevelt Recession (523) (Keynesian Economics)

Unit 9 Set 21: The Last New Deal Reforms The Fair Labor Standards Act (524)

Unit 9 Set 22: The Legacy of the New Deal The broker state (525) Government’s new role (525)

Wednesday January 20 Study for Exam Unit 9

Thursday January 21 Exam Unit 9 Unit 10 Set 1

Friday January 22 Unit 10 Set 2 & 3

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Unit 10: The World in Flames and World War IIPreviewSimilarly to World War One the United States was reluctant to be involved in a world conflict. The United States did recognize that it must do something after aggressive moves by Germany and Japan’s attack on U.S. soil. The U.S. provided ways to financially help Great Britain prior to U.S. direct involvement. In order to secure our labor pool the U.S. government made deals to prevent discrimination in wartime hiring, yet simultaneously imprisoned its own citizens it was suspicious of without due process. Militarily the United States decided to fight Germany first and Japan second. The U.S. went on the offensive in Europe, yet practiced an aggressive defense in Asia to prevent Japanese expansion. The U.S. strategy proved effective and the U.S. forced an unconditional surrender by the Germans, Italians and the Japanese. World War Two ended yet a Cold War with the Soviet Union was just beginning.

Vocabulary Terms1. (5) “Cash and carry”: Part of the Neutrality Acts of 1937 (1) where the U.S. continued the sell of goods to all

nations (1) yet they must pay in cash at time of purchase (1) and transport their own goods (1), yet prevented the sell of weapons (1)

2. (4) Destroyers for Bases: FDR gave 50 destroyers to Britain (1) for the use of 8 British bases (1). This supported British war efforts (1), and did not directly violate neutrality laws (1).

3. (3) Lend-Lease: FDR announced that we would lend or lease war materials (1) to Britain or any nation (1) he considered vital to the defense of the United States (1).

4. (3) A. Philip Randolph: Black union leader (1) who threatened to lead a march on Washington (1) to protest discrimination in wartime hiring (1)

5. (7) Executive Order 8802: FDR outlawed discrimination (1) on the basis of race (1), creed (1), color (1), or national origin (1) in the federal government or in defense factories (1). Created the Fair Employment Practices Committee (1)

6. (4) Japanese internment: The forced imprisonment of all Japanese-Americans (1) on the west coast of the U.S. (1) due to wartime hysteria (1) following the bombing of Pearl Harbor (1).

7. (5) Korematsu vs. United States: Japanese American (1) charged with violating (1) the executive order of internment (1). Brought his case to the Supreme Court (1) where it was stated that internment was a military necessity (1).

8. (4) Blitzkrieg: lightning warfare (1) Hitler’s battle strategy (1) of striking first by air (1) and then moving ground troops in quickly while the enemy is disabled (1)

9. (2) Atlantic Charter: agreement signed by Churchill and Roosevelt (1) which outlined their post World War II plans (1)

10. (5) Four Freedoms: FDR’s vision of the characteristics of a democratic world (1) freedom from fear (1) freedom from want (1) freedom of speech (1) freedom of religion (1)

11. (4) Munich Pact: where Britain and France (1) agreed to let Hitler acquire the Sudetenland (1) in order to avoid war (1) also known as appeasement (1)

12. (4) Battle of Coral Sea: First naval battle between Japan and U.S. (1). The Navies had no visual contact (1) U.S. lost one ship (1) yet the Japanese were prevented from invading Australia (1).

13. (3) Battle of Midway: Japanese suffered their first naval defeat (1) at the hand of the United States (1) and this battle prevented the Japanese from future bombing runs on Hawaii (1).

14. (3) Battle of Guadalcanal: Japanese final attempt to establish a base to invade Australia (1). In heavy fighting the U.S. Marines forced Japanese from the island (1) The U.S. now had a base to retake the Philippines (1).

15. (4) D-Day: The first day of the invasion of France (1) occurring on the beaches of Normandy (1). Eventually over a million men (1) and thousands of vehicles and equipment were landed (1).

16. (2) Battle of the Bulge: Final German attempt to advance (1) against the Allied army (1).17. (5) Atomic bomb: First developed and used (1) by the United States (1) against Japan (1) at Hiroshima (1) and

Nagasaki (1)18. (3) Afrika Korps: German troops in Northern Africa (1) lead by General Rommel (1) and defeated at El Alamein (1)19. (2) Neutrality Act of 1939: repealed the arms embargo (1) which enabled the U.S. to aid the allies in WWII (1)20. (2) Battle of Britain: German bombing of Great Britain (1) in which the British successfully resisted (1) 21. (3) Fascism: Belief that life is a struggle (1) that the government must have total control (1) and that a country must

fight (1)22. (5) United Nations: world organization (1) which aimed to preserve peace (1) and provide a better life for all

nations (1) consisted of a General Assembly (1) and Security Council (1)

Notes - Unit 10: The World in Flames and World War II

Thursday January 21 - Unit 10 Set 1: Rise of Dictatorships Mussolini and fascism in Italy (537) (Fascism) Stalin takes over the U.S.S.R. (538) Hitler and Nazism in Germany (538) (Nazi Party, Mein Kampf) Militarists gain control of Japan (539) (Manchuria)

Friday January 22 -Unit 10 Set 2: America Turns to Neutrality

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The Nye Committee (540) (Isolationism) Legislating Neutrality (540) (Neutrality Acts of 1935 and 1937)

Unit 10 Set 3: “Peace in our Time” The Munich crisis and appeasement (543) (Sudetenland, Munich Conference) The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact (544)

Monday January 25 - Unit 10 Set 4: The War Begins Blitzkrieg in Poland (545) (Blitzkrieg) The fall of France (545) (Maginot Line)

Unit 10 Set 5: Britain Remains Defiant Britain remains defiant (547) (Battle of Britain, Royal Air Force, radar)

Tuesday January 26 - Unit 10 Set 6: Nazi Persecution of the Jews Nazi ideology (550) (The Holocaust) Kristallnacht (551)

Unit 10 Set 7: The Final Solution Concentration camps (554) Extermination camps (554) (Auschwitz)

Wednesday January 27 - Unit 10 Set 8: FDR Supports England The Neutrality Act of 1939 (557) Destroyers for bases (557)

Unit 10 Set 9: The Isolationist Debate The range of opinion (558) The election of 1940 (558)

Unit 10 Set 10: Edging Toward War Lend Lease Act (559) The Atlantic Charter (560)

Thursday January 28 - Unit 10 Set 11: Japan Attacks the U.S. Japan attacks Pearl Harbor (562)

Unit 10 Set 12: Converting the Economy Converting the economy (572) (goals of war production)

Unit 10 Set 13: American Industry Gets the Job Done Tanks replace cars (574) (Henry Ford, automobile factories) The War Production Board (575) (

Friday January 29 - Unit 10 Set 14: Building an Army Creating an Army (576) (Selective Service and Training Act) A segregated army (576) (experience for African Americans in the military) Pushing for “Double V” (577) ( African Americans in Combat (577) (Tuskegee Airmen, integration of the military) Women join the armed forces (578) (women in the army)

Monday February 1 - Unit 10 Set 15: Holding the Line Against Japan The fall of the Philippines (580) The Battle of Coral Sea (581) The Battle of the Midway (582)

Unit 10 Set 16: Turning back the German Army The struggle for North Africa (583) (Erwin Rommel)

Tuesday February 2 - Unit 10 Set 17: Life on the Home Front Women in the defense plants (587) (Rosie the Riveter) African Americans demand war work (588) (A. Philip Randolph, march on Washington, Executive Order 8802, Fair

Employment Practices Committee) Mexicans become farmworkers (588) (Bracero Program)

Wednesday February 3 - Unit 10 Set 18: A Nation on the Move Racism explodes into violence (589) The zoot-suit riots (590) (Victory suits) Japanese American relocation (590) (Executive Order 9066, Korematsu v. United States, military awards for the

Japanese, President Reagan)Thursday February 4 - January 31 - Unit 10 Set 19: Daily Life in Wartime America

Wage and price controls (592) (Office of Price Administration, Office of Economic Stabilization, War Labor Board) Blue points, red points (592) (rationing) Paying for the war (593) (taxation, war bonds)

Friday February 5 - Unit 10 Set 20: Striking Back at the Third Reich

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Strategic bombing (598) Roosevelt meets Stalin at Teheran (601) (agreements at Teheran)

Unit 10 Set 21: Landing in France Planning Operation Overlord (601) The Longest Day (602) (Omaha Beach)

Unit 10 Set 22: Driving the Japanese Back Island-hopping in the Pacific (603) (Amphtrac) MacArthur returns to the Philippines (604) (Guadalcanal, New Guinea)

Unit 10 Set 23: The Third Reich Collapses The Battle of the Bulge (609) V-E Day: the war ends in Europe (610) (Hitler’s death)

Monday February 8 - Unit 10 Set 24: Japan is Defeated Uncommon Valor on Iwo Jima (612) Firebombing devastates Japan (613) The invasion of Okinawa (613) The terms of surrender (614)

Tuesday February 9 – Unit 10 Set 24 (continued): Japan is Defeated The Manhattan Project (614) (Manhattan Project, J. Robert Oppenheimer, New Mexico) The decision to drop the bomb (614) (Enola Gay, Little Boy, Fat Man)

Unit 10 Set 25: Building a New World Creating the United Nations (616) (framework of the UN) Putting the enemy on trial (616) (Nuremberg Trials)

Wednesday February 10 Study for Exam Unit 10

Thursday February 11 Exam Unit 10 Complete notes Unit 11 Sets 1 & 2

Friday February 12 Complete notes Unit 11 Sets 1 & 2

Unit 11: The Cold WarPreviewAfter World War Two there was a plan to create a world organization to preserve the world peace, yet the U.S. had a new enemy-the U.S.S.R. The U.S. policy would be to contain the U.S.S.R. wherever it attempted to spread geographically and politically. This Cold War was not like a traditional war, although at times there would be indirect fighting throughout the world associated with it, but rather it was a war of words, ideologies, and financial persuasion. There were slight inroads to relax tensions with the Soviets yet world events consistently shattered these efforts. Domestically, for the second time in U.S. history, there was a concentrated effort to find communist that were plotting against the U.S. government.

Vocabulary Terms1. (3) Iron Curtain: Winston Churchill (1) metaphor for the Soviets (1) influence in eastern Europe (1)2. (6) Yalta Conference: FDR (1) Churchill (1) Stalin (1) meet to discuss military strategy (1) and the post war order of

Europe (1) and Asia (1)3. (2) Containment: United States policy which stated (1) that the U.S. would prevent Soviet communist expansion (1)4. (5) Truman Doctrine: Truman’s pledge that we must always support nations (1) in making their own decisions (1)

about how they will govern themselves (1) and not allow armed revolutionaries (1) or the Soviets to make a country communist (1)

5. (5) Marshall Plan: officially known as the European Recovery Program (1) Provided much needed financial credit (1) to the devastated countries of Europe (1) following World War II (1). The plan kept the U.S. economy growing (1)

6. (5) Berlin Airlift: The Soviets banned all traffic (1) to the Western Zone of Berlin (1). The United States responded with a Berlin Airlift (1) to deliver goods and food (1) to the people of West Berlin (1).

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7. (6) NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1). The western democracies organized themselves (1) as a defense against Soviet expansion (1). Section 7a (1) said that an attack on one member (1) would be considered an attack on all (1).

8. (4) Second Red Scare: As a result of Soviet expansion (1) and suspected spies in America (1) a great fear of communist infiltrating society (1) and government resulted (1)

9. (4) Joseph McCarthy: Senator who used strong-arm tactics (1) and unfounded accusations (1) to pursue suspected communist (1) in the government and society (1)

10. (5) Korean War: The Soviet supported North Koreans invaded South Korea (1) and the United Nations (1)led by the U.S. Military (1)counter attacked (1). Truman limits the war fearing that atomic weapons may be used (1).

11. (4) “New Look”: Eisenhower (1) reduced overall defense spending (1) while increasing the reliance on nuclear weapons (1) which gave him “a bigger bang for the buck” (1)

12. (3) “Peaceful Coexistence”: After the death of Stalin (1), Khrushchev’s (1) plan for relations with the United States (1).

13. (2) Sputnik: The Soviets (1) launched the first ever man made satellite (1)

Notes - Unit 11: The Cold War

Friday February 12 - Unit 11 Set 1: A Clash of Interests Soviet security concerns (627)

Unit 11 Set 2: The Yalta Conference The Yalta Conference (628) Declaration of Liberated Europe (629) Dividing Germany (629)

Monday February 22 - Unit 11 Set 3: Truman Takes Control The Potsdam Conference (630) (significance of the atomic bomb at the Potsdam Conference) The Iron Curtain descends (631) (Declaration of Liberated Europe, Winston Churchill)

Unit 11 Set 4: Containing Communism The Long Telegram (633) (George Kennan, containment) Crisis in Iran (634) The Truman Doctrine (634) The Marshall Plan (634)

Tuesday February 23 - Unit 11 Set 5: The Berlin Crisis West Germany is founded (635) The Berlin Airlift (635) NATO (635)

Unit 11 Set 6: The Cold War Spreads to Asia After the fall (636) (China’s fall to communism)

Wednesday February 24 - Unit 11 Set 7: The Korean War The Korean War (637) (38th parallel) The UN intervenes (638) (Douglas MacArthur) China enters the war (639) (Yalu River) Truman fires MacArthur (639) (a limited war)

Thursday February 25 - Unit 11 Set 8: A New Red Scare The loyalty review program (643) HUAC (643) Alger Hiss (644) (The Alger Hiss Trial) The Rosenbergs (644) The Red Scare spreads (645) (Taft-Hartley Act)

Friday February 26 - Unit 11 Set 9: A Conspiracy so Immense McCarthy’s charges (647) The McCarran Internal Security Act (646) McCarthy’s tactics (647) McCarthy’s downfall (647)

Monday February 29 - Unit 11 Set 10: Life during the Cold War Facing the bomb (648) (hydrogen bomb, duck and cover drills, bomb shelters)

Unit 11 Set 11: Eisenhower’s New Look More bang for the buck (651) (New Look foreign policy, more bang for the buck) Massive retaliation (652) The Sputnik Crisis (652)

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Tuesday March 1 - Unit 11 Set 12: Brinkmanship in Action The Korean War ends (653) The Suez crisis (654)

Unit 11 Set 13: Fighting Communism Covertly Containment in developing nations (654) (CIA) Iran and Guatemala (655) Uprising in Hungary (655)

Unit 11 Set 14: Continuing Tensions Continuing tensions (656) (peaceful coexistence, peace talks in Paris, U2 spy plane, military industrial complex)

Unit 12: Postwar America PreviewAfter World War II the United States entered a period of prosperity never experienced before. Initially Harry Truman’s legislative proposals were rejected by Congress, however, he gained more Congressional support after he won the election of 1948 and many of his Fair Deal proposals were passed by Congress. After winning the election of 1952, Dwight Eisenhower worked to balance activism and economic conservatism. Popular culture thrived during the 1950’s as the majority of Americans now owned televisions. A new youth culture developed during this time that embraced rock ‘n’ roll and became more rebellious. Despite the increasing prosperity in the United States, many minorities and rural whites continued to struggle with poverty.

Vocabulary Terms1. (3) Taft-Hartley Act: attempted to curb union power (1) by outlawing the closed shop which had allowed only dues

paying members of a union to be hired (1) and established a “cooling off period” (1)2. (2) 22nd Amendment: imposed a two term limit (1) for a president to remain in office (1)3. (3) Do-Nothing Congress: Truman’s description of the 80th Congress (1) because they did not agree with him (1) on

many portions of his Fair Deal (1)4. (4) Fair Deal: Truman’s attempt (1) to expand the New Deal (1) increased Social Security (1) and raised minimum

wage (1)5. (3) Baby Boom: a marked rise in birthrate (1) such as occurred in the United States (1) following World War II (1)

Notes – Unit 12 Postwar AmericaWednesday March 2 - Unit 12 Set 1: Return to a Peacetime Economy

Inflation and strikes (667) Republican victory (667)

Unit 12 Set 2: Truman’s Domestic Program Truman’s legislative agenda (668) The election of 1948 (668) The Fair Deal (669)

Thursday March 3 - Unit 12 Set 3: The Eisenhower Years The election of 1952 (670) (Campaign slogan, “Checkers”) Ike as president (670) (Dynamic Conservatism, The Federal Highway Act, Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway) Extending the New Deal (671) (Eisenhower’s accomplishments)

Friday March 4 - Unit 12 Set 4: American Abundance The spread of wealth (675) (Changes in wealth, white-collar and blue-collar jobs) Multinationals and franchises (675) (franchises) The organization men (676) (corporations and conformity) The new consumerism (676) (advertising) The growth of suburbia (676) (Levittowns, reasons for the growth of suburbia)

Monday March 7 - Unit 12 Set 5: The 1950’s Family The baby boom (677) (why did the birthrate “explode”) Women in the fifties (677)

Tuesday March 8 - Unit 12 Set 6: The New Mass Media The rise of television popularity (681) Comedy, Action, and games (681) Hollywood adapts to the times (682) Radio draws them in (682)

Wednesday March 9 - Unit 12 Set 7: The New Youth Culture Rock ‘n’ Roll (683) The Beat movement (684)

Thursday March 10 - Unit 12 Set 8: African American Entertainers African American entertainers (685)

Unit 12 Set 9: Poverty Amidst Prosperity

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The decline of the inner city (689) African Americans (690) Hispanics (690) Native Americans (691)

Friday March 11 Study for Exam Units 11-12

Monday March 14 Study for Exam Units 11-12 Complete notes Unit 13 Sets 1 & 2

Tuesday March 15 Exam Units 11-12 Complete notes Unit 13 Sets 3 & 4

Unit 13: Civil Rights PreviewThe Civil Rights movement began and historic legislation was enacted providing a foundation for complete integration and voting rights. Many within the African American community became frustrated with the pace of change and opted for alternative methods of change.

Vocabulary Terms1. (5) Brown vs. Board of Education: in 1954 the Supreme Court (1) overruled Plessy vs. Ferguson (1) by saying that

“separate but equal” (1) did violate the 14th Amendment (1) and that all schools must be integrated (1)2. (4) Southern Manifesto: most southern senators (1) pledged that they would resist integration (1) in the schools (1)

and elsewhere by all legal means possible (1)3. (4) Rosa Parks: she refused to take a seat in the back of the bus (1) violating local segregation codes (1) in

Montgomery, Alabama (1) where she was arrested for breaking the law (1)4. (4) Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.: organized the Montgomery Bus Boycott (1) in protest of segregation laws (1)

preached non-violent resistance (1) to segregation laws in the South(1)5. (4) “Freedom riders”: Northern and Southern students (1) who protested segregated bus systems (1) in the South (1)

and were met by resistance (1).6. (4) March on Washington: ¼ million people (1) march to pass a civil rights bill (1) lead by MLK (1) and where he

delivered the “I Have a Dream” speech (1) 7. (3) Civil Rights Act of 1964: Forbid discrimination in employment (1), businesses (1) or uses of facilities (1)8. (2) 24th Amendment: outlawed the poll tax (1) that was used to prevent Blacks from voting (1).9. (2) Summer Freedom Project: Massive effort to register black voters (1) in the South (1).10. (2) Voting Rights Act of 1965: placed penalties (1) on states that discouraged voter registration (1).11. (3) Black Power: The primary objective for this Black movement (1) was to “get even” (1) with White America (1).12. (2) Segregation: Separating people (1) according to their ethnicity (1)13. (2) Integration: the end of segregation (1) and the unifying of people (1)

Notes - Unit 13: Civil Rights

Monday March 14 - Unit 13 Set 1: The Origins of the Movement The push for desegregation (742) (James Farmer and CORE)

Unit 13 Set 2: The Civil Rights Movement Begins Brown v. Board of Education (742) (Plessy v. Ferguson, Brown v. Board, 14th Amendment) The Southern Manifesto (743) The Montgomery Bus Boycott (744) (Rosa Parks, Dr. King, Integration, Segregation)

Tuesday March 15 - Unit 13 Set 3: African American Churches African American churches (745) (Dr. King, SCLC)

Unit 13 Set 4: Eisenhower and Civil Rights Crisis in Little Rock (747) (Orval Faubus, Dwight Eisenhower, Little Rock Nine) New civil rights legislation (747) (Civil Rights Act of 1957)

Wednesday March 16 - Unit 13 Set 5: The Sit in Movement The sit in movement (749) (Woolworth’s Department Store, N.C., NAACP, SCLC)

Unit 13 Set 6: SNCC SNCC (750) (Voter Education Project, Freedom Summer)

Unit 13 Set 7: The Freedom Riders The Freedom Riders (750)

Thursday March 17 - Unit 13 Set 8: JFK and Civil Rights The Justice Department takes action (751) (Interstate Commerce Commission) James Meredith (752)

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Violence in Birmingham (752) (Bull Connor, Letter from a Birmingham jail)Friday March 18 - Unit 13 Set 9: The Civil Rights Act of 1964

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (753) (George Wallace, The march on Washington (753) (I have a dream speech) The civil rights bill becomes law (754) (LBJ, Civil Rights Act of 1964)

Monday March 21 - Unit 13 Set 10: The struggle for voting rights The Selma march (755) (Dr. King, Bloody Sunday) The Voting Rights Act of 1965 (756)

Tuesday March 22 - Unit 13 Set 11: Problems Facing Urban African Americans Problems facing urban African Americans (758) The Watts riot (759) (The Watts and Detroit Riots) The Kerner Commission (759)

Unit 13 Set 12: The Shift to Economic Rights The shift to the economic rights (759)

Wednesday March 23 - Unit 13 Set 13: Black Power Black Power (760) (Meaning of Black Power, Stokely Carmichael) Malcolm X and the Nation of Islam (761) The Black Panthers (762) (Huey Newton and Bobby Seale, philosophy of Black Panthers)

Unit 13 Set 14: The Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. The assassination of Martin Luther King Jr. (762)

Thursday March 24 Study for Exam Unit 13

Friday March 25 Exam Unit 13 Unit 14 Set 1 & 2

Monday March 28 Unit 14 Set 3

Unit 14: The 1960’sPreviewDemocrats were deeply divided on the Vietnam War. Republicans, lead by its candidate Richard Nixon appeared to be the obvious choice for president. Nixon withdrew American troops from Vietnam and deescalated tension with the Soviet Union. Domestically Nixon was conservative on issues of integration and the rights of the accused yet would have to resign from office due to the events surrounding the Watergate break in and its subsequent cover-up. Nixon, like Carter and Ford, was faced with an energy crisis that plagued the U.S. economically throughout the 1970s. Carter was faced with new international crisis that threatened to upset the relaxed tension with the Soviets.

Vocabulary Terms1. (2) Democratic Convention of 1968: characterized by anti-war protesters outside the convention (1) and division

amongst the party on the Vietnam War (1)2. (3) Gideon vs. Wainwright: the state had to provide legal defense (1) to poor defendants (1) even in minor legal cases

(1)3. (3) Miranda v. Arizona: accused had the right to remain silent (1); to an attorney during questioning (1); and to be

informed statements they made could be used against them (1)4. (4) Flexible Response: JFK’s (1) military strategy (1) to have many options (1) in combating wars of liberation (1)5. (4) Great Debates: televised debates (1) between Nixon (1) and JFK (1) in the election of 1960 (1)6. (3) Missile Gap: JFK’s statement (1) that the U.S. was far behind the Soviets (1) in nuclear weapons (1)7. (5) Cuban Missile Crisis: JFK’s opposition (1) to the Soviets placement of nuclear weapons on Cuba (1) the Soviets

removed the weapons (1) and the U.S. agreed not to invade Cuba (1) the crisis took the countries to the brink of nuclear war (1)

8. (4) Bay of Pigs: during JFK’s presidency (1) an unsuccessful (1) invasion of Cuba (1) which was led by many anti-Castro rebels (1)

9. (3) Berlin Wall: prevented people from the Soviet controlled (1) East Berlin (1) from escaping to democratic West Berlin (1)

10. (4) New Frontier: JFK’s plan (1) to expand the New Deal (1) by calling for more money to education (1) and health care (1)

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11. (4) Peace Corps: JFK’s plan (1) to train thousands to work in third world countries (1) in hopes of spreading American good will (1) and to create infrastructure (1)

12. (3) Great Society: LBJ’s plan (1) to use the nation’s wealth (1) to fight poverty (1)13. (2) Medicare: government sponsored health insurance (1) for the elderly (1)14. (2) Hippies: counterculture movement (1) that rejected traditional society (1) 15. (3) Sense of the Senate: Reversal of the Tonkin Gulf Resolution (1) stopping money to the Vietnam War (1) without

congressional approval (1)16. (6) War Powers Act: declares that the President (1) must inform Congress (1) within 48 hours (1) of placing troops

where they might be involved in fighting (1) and that those troops were to return within 90 days (1) unless Congress voted to let them stay (1).

17. (4) Kent State University: incident at the university (1) in which the National Guard (1) opened fire on protesting students (1) killing four and wounding eleven (1)

18. (3) Pentagon Papers: study of the role of the United States’ involvement in Vietnam (1) that showed that the American people had been deceived (1) about the real situation in Vietnam (1)

19. (3) The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution: after two U.S. destroyers were fired upon (1) Congress gave LBJ approval (1) to do everything necessary to prevent further aggression from North Vietnam (1)

20. (3) Tet Offensive: North Vietnamese attack on South Vietnam (1) the U.S. won the battle (1) yet the American public reaction to the battle was one of shock (1)

21. (4) Domino Theory: if Vietnam (1) became a communist country (1) then the rest of Southeast Asia (1) would also fall to the communists (1)

22. (4) Environmental Policy Act: Required environmental impact reports (1) for projects involving federal funds (1), property (1), or permits (1)

23. (3) Three Mile Island: Radioactive leak (1) at this nuclear power facility (1) which displayed the dangers of nuclear power (1)

Notes - Unit 14: The 1960’s

Friday March 25 - Unit 14 Set 1: The Election of 1960 A new kind of campaign (705) (Television and advertising in politics) The main issues (705) (issues of the campaign, televised debates)

Unit 14 Set 2: The Kennedy Mystique The Kennedy Mystique

Monday March 28 - Unit 14 Set 3: Success and Setback on the Domestic Front Success and setback on the domestic front (707) (The New Frontier) Kennedy struggles with Congress (707) Strengthening the economy (708) Women’s rights (708) (Presidential Commission on the Status of Women, Equal Pay Act)

Tuesday March 29 - Unit 14 Set 4: Warren Court Reforms “One man, one vote” (709) (reapportionment) Extending due process (710) (Mapp v. Ohio, Gideon v Wainwright, Escobedo v. Illinois, Miranda v. Arizona) Prayer and privacy (711) (Engel v. Vitale, Abington School District v. Shempp)

Wednesday March 30 - Unit 14 Set 5: Kennedy Confronts Global Challenges A more flexible response (715) (Green Berets) Aid to other countries (716) (Alliance for Progress) The Peace Corps (716) The Cold War moves into space (716) (Sputnik, John Glenn, the Apollo, Neil Armstrong)

Thursday March 31 - Unit 14 Set 6: Crisis of the Cold War The Bay of Pigs (717) (Fidel Castro, Dwight Eisenhower, Nikita Khrushchev) The Berlin wall goes up (718) The Cuban Missile Crisis (718) The impact of the Cuban Missile Crisis (718) (Test Ban Treaty)

Friday April 1 - Unit 14 Set 7: The Death of a President The death of a president (718) (Lee Harvey Oswald, Jack Ruby, The Warren Commission)

Unit 14 Set 8: Johnson Takes the Reins Johnson’s leadership style (724) A war on poverty (724) (Economic Opportunity Act, VISTA)

Unit 14 Set 9: The Great Society The Great Society (726) (Medicare, Medicaid, Elementary and Secondary Education Act, Head Start, Upward Bound)

Unit 14 Set 10: The Impact of the Great Society The legacy of the Great Society (728)

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Monday April 11 -Unit 14 Set 11: Early American Involvement in Vietnam Early American involvement in Vietnam (773) The United States supports the French (774) (Ho Chih Minh, Vietminh, Domino Theory)

Unit 14 Set 12: The Vietminh Drive out the French Defeat at Dien Bien Phu (775) Geneva Accords (776) (Ngo Diem)

Tuesday April 12 - Unit 14 Set 13: American Involvement Deepens American involvement deepens (778) (American aid, the Vietcong) Kennedy takes over (778) The overthrow of Diem (779) (Buddhist Protests)

Wednesday April 13 - Unit 14 Set 14: Johnson and Vietnam The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (780) The U.S. sends in troops (781) (Operation Rolling Thunder)

Unit 14 Set 15: A Bloody Stalemate Emerges Frustrating warfare (781) (guerilla tactics, agent orange, napalm) A determined enemy (783) (The Ho Chi Minh Trail)

Thursday April 14 - Unit 14 Set 16: A Growing Credibility Gap A growing credibility gap (787) (William Westmoreland, television and the war, Senate Foreign Relations

Committee) Unit 14 Set 17: An Antiwar Movement Emerges

Teach-ins begin (780) Anger at the draft (788) (26th Amendment) Hawks and Doves (789)

Friday April 15 - Unit 14 Set 18: The Pivotal Year The Tet Offensive (789) Johnson leaves the presidential race (790) A season of violence (791) Nixon wins the presidency (791)

Unit 14 Set 19: Nixon Moves to end the War Nixon moves to end the War (793) (Linkage, Vietnamization)

Monday April 18 - Unit 14 Set 20: Turmoil at Home Continues Turmoil at home continues (793) Massacre at My Lai (794) (Lt. William Calley) The invasion of Cambodia spurs protest (794) (Kent State University) The Pentagon Papers (794) (Daniel Ellsberg)

Tuesday April 19 - Unit 14 Set 21: The U.S. Pulls Out of Vietnam The U.S. pulls out of Vietnam (795) The two side reach peace (795) (Christmas bombings, peace agreement) South Vietnam falls (796)

Unit 14 Set 22: The Legacy of Vietnam The war’s human toll (796) (Vietnam War Memorial) The war’s impact on the Nation (797) (War Power’s Act)

Wednesday April 20 - Unit 14 Set 23: The Growth of the Youth Movement The roots of the movement (807) SDS (808) (New Left, Port Huron Statement) The Free Speech movement (808) (Mario Savio, UC Berkeley, sit-in

Thursday April 21 - Unit 14 Set 24: The Counterculture The Counterculture (809) (hippies) Hippie Culture (809) (Haight-Ashbury San Francisco) New religious movements (809) The counterculture declines (810)

Friday April 22 - Unit 14 Set 25: A Weakened Women’s Movement A weakened women’s movement (815) (19th Amendment, Equal Rights Amendment)

Unit 14 Set 26: The Women’s Movement Reawakens Fighting for workplace rights (815) (Commission on the Status of Women, Equal Pay Act, 1964 Civil Rights Act and

women, EEOC) The Feminine Mystique (815) (Betty Friedan) The time is NOW (816) (Betty Friedan, Gloria Steinem, MS. Magazine)

Monday April 25 - Unit 14 Set 27: Successes and Failures Striving for equality in education (817) (Educational Amendments, Title IX)

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Roe v. Wade (817) The ERA (818) (Phyllis Schlafly) Impact of the women’s movement (819)

Tuesday April 26 - Unit 14 Set 28: Fighting for Greater Opportunity Affirmative action (825) Challenges to affirmative action (826) (University of California Regents v. Bakke, Proposition 209) Equal access to education (826) (Swann v. Charlotte Mecklenburg Board of Education, White Flight) New political leaders (827) (Jesse Jackson, Congressional Black Caucus)

Wednesday April 27 - Unit 14 Set 29: Hispanic Americans Organize Cesar Chavez and the UFW (828) (Grape boycott, Dolores Huerta) Growing political activism (829) (La Raza Unida, Bilingual Education Act of 1968)Unit 14 Set 30: Native Americans Raise Their Voices A protest movement emerges (829) (The Declaration of Indian Purpose, Indian Civil Rights Act of 1968, AIM and

Alcatraz Island) Native Americans make notable gains (829) (Indian Self Determination and Educational Assistance Act)

Thursday April 28 - Unit 14 Set 31: The Beginnings of Environmentalism The beginnings of environmentalism (833) (DDT, Rachel Carson, Silent Spring)

Unit 14 Set 32: The Environmental Movement A grassroots effort begins (834) (Earth Day, Sierra Club, Wilderness Society) The government steps in (834) (Environmental Protection Agency, Clean Air Act of 1970, Clean Water Act of 1972,

Endangered Species Act of 1973) Love Canal (835) Concerns over nuclear energy (835) (Three Mile Island) The debate over environmentalism (835)

Friday April 29 - Unit 14 Set 33: The Consumer Movement The consumer movement (836) (Ralph Nader, Unsafe at any Speed, National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act)

Monday May 2 Study for Exam Unit 14

Tuesday May 3 Exam Unit 14 Notes Unit 15 Set 1

Wednesday May 4 Notes Unit 15 Set 2

Unit 15: Politics and Economics 1971-1980

PreviewDemocrats were deeply divided on the Vietnam War. Republicans, lead by its candidate Richard Nixon appeared to be the obvious choice for president. Nixon withdrew American troops from Vietnam and deescalated tension with the Soviet Union. Domestically, Nixon was conservative on issues of integration and the rights of the accused yet would have to resign from office due to events surrounding the Watergate break in and its subsequent cover-up. Nixon, like Carter and Ford, was faced with an energy crisis that plagued the U.S. economically throughout the 1970’s. Carter faced a new international crisis that threatened to upset the relaxed tension with the Soviets.

1. (3) Détente: Relaxing tension with communist nations (1) practice by Nixon, Ford, & Carter (1) slight shift from containment policy (1)

2. (4) Plumbers: group working for Nixon (1) who stopped information “leaks” (1) from the White House to the public (1) Also participated in illegal acts (1)

3. (4) Watergate: The Democratic National Committee offices were “bugged” (1); Plumbers were caught (1); investigation revealed Nixon ordered a cover up (1) and so it became a national scandal (1)

4. (3) Nixon tapes: Recordings of Nixon’s White House conversations (1) which revealed he ordered a cover-up (1) of Watergate break in (1)

5. (4) OPEC: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (1) agreed to raise the cost of oil (1) to benefit their individual nations (1) yet was a “shock” to western economies (1)

6. (4) Stagflation: Increasing oil prices (1) and wages (1) lead to inflation (1) which combined with a stagnant economy (1)

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7. (3) Second Oil Shock: Oil rose for the 2nd time dramatically (1) with Iran’s production sinking (1) and OPEC collectively raising prices (1)

8. (3) Trade deficit: the amount of exports (1) is less than the amount of imports (1) The U.S. had one because of the drastic increase in the cost of oil (1)

Notes -Unit 15: Politics and Economics 1971-1980

Tuesday May 3 - Unit 15 Set 1: Appealing to Middle America The election of 1969 (851) The Southern strategy (851) A law and order president (852) The New Federalism (853) The Family Assistance Plan (853)

Wednesday May 4 - Unit 15 Set 2: Nixon’s Foreign Policy Nixon and Kissinger (854) The establishment of Détente (854) Nixon visits China (855) U.S.-Soviet tensions ease (855)

Thursday May 5 - Unit 15 Set 3: The Roots of Watergate Nixon and his enemies (858) Mounting a reelection fight (858) The cover-up begins (859)

Friday May 6 - Unit 15 Set 4: The Cover-Up Unravels The first cracks show (860) A summer of shocking testimony (860) The case of the tapes (860) Nixon resigns (860)

Unit 15 Set 5: The Impact of Watergate The impact of Watergate (861)

Monday May 9 - Unit 15 Set 6: The Economic Crisis of the 1970’s A mighty economic machine slows (865) A stagnant economy (865)

Unit 15 Set 7: Ford Takes Over Ford pardons Nixon (866) Ford tries to whip inflation (866) Ford’s foreign policy (866) The election of 1976 (867)

Tuesday May 10 - Unit 15 Set 8: Carter Battles Economic Crisis A war against consumption (867) Carter’s leadership problems (868)

Unit 15 Set 9: Carter’s Foreign Policy Morality in foreign policy (868) Triumph and failure in the Middle East (869)

Wednesday May 11 - Unit 15 Set 10: The Search for Fulfillment New age movement (872) Transcendental meditation (873 Changing families (873)

Unit 15 Set 11: Cultural Trends in the 1970’s T.V. in the 1970’s (873) Music of the 1970’s (873) Fads and Fashions (875)

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Unit 16: Resurgence of Conservatism

PreviewPresident Ronald Reagan was determined to end the slouching economic situation of the 1970s. His economic plan ran counter to Keynesian economics in that he wanted to cut government spending. Although he did cut spending in social programs he increased spending for defense. Government intervention and regulatory power also diminished. Domestically Reagan was responsible for appointing socially conservative justices to the Supreme Court, which continues to exert vast influence on the public. Internationally the Middle East continued to plague the world with a host of problem, which culminated with the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq as President Bush took office. Illegal activity in government became the public focus again as there were apparent ties between Ronald Reagan and a plan to secretly and illegally support the toppling of communist incursions in Central America.

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Vocabulary Terms1. (4) Supply side economics: Reagan’s economic program (1) that centered on tax cuts (1) and keeping money in the

hands of private investors (1) in order to stimulate economic growth (1)2. (4) Deregulation: the government shift from once regulating vital communication (1) and transportation industries (1)

to allowing them more freedom (1) and less oversight (1)3. (4) Give backs: Union laborers (1) were forced to give back much of their benefits (1) in order to keep their jobs and

industry (1) from going oversees (1)4. (3) Contras: Counter revolutionary guerilla army in Central America (1) that opposed the communist (1) and were in

part supported by the United States (1)5. (4) PLO: Palestine Liberation Organization (1) which was a political and military group of Palestinians (1) whose

desire is to create their own nation in the Arab world (1) Used “terrorist” tactics to fight Israel (1)6. (3) Iran-Contra Affair: Individuals within the U.S. government (1) who were responsible for illegally transferring

money generated by weapons sold to Iran (1) to the Contras (1) 7. (3) Operation Desert Storm: In response to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait (1) the United States leads an international

military force (1) to remove Iraqi army from Kuwait (1) 8. (2) Boland Amendment: forbade the U.S. government (1) from helping the Contras to overthrow the Sandinistas (1)9. (3) Glasnost: Russian word (1) for a more open society (1) allowing for greater freedom of speech (1)10. (3) Perestroika: Russian word (1) for restructuring the Soviet economy (1) to make it more capitalistic (1)11. (4) Strategic Defense Initiative: The U.S. plan (1) to develop a defense system (1) that would destroy incoming

ballistic missiles (1) before they reached their targets (1)12. (4) Entitlements: Social security benefits (1) and other government social programs (1) which U.S. citizens have

come to expect (1) since the New Deal (1)13. (3) Sandinistas: Communist (1) that took over Nicaraguan government (1) in Central America (1)

Notes – Unit 16 Resurgence of Conservatism

Unit 16 Set 1: Conservatism and Liberalism Liberalism (887) Conservatism (887)

Unit 16 Set 2: Conservatism Revives Conservatism and the Cold War (888) Conservatives organize (888)

Unit 16 Set 3: Conservatism Gains Support The rise of the Sunbelt (889) Sunbelt conservatism (889) Suburban conservatism (890) The religious right (890) A new coalition (891)

Unit 16 Set 4: The Road to the White House Moving to conservatism (893) Election of 1980 (893)

Unit 16 Set 5: Reagan’s Domestic Policies Reaganomics (895) Cutting programs (895) Deregulation (895) The economy booms (866) Shifting the judicial balance (896) Reagan win reelection (896)

Unit 16 Set 6: Reagan Builds up the Military Peace through strength (896) A growing deficit (896)

Unit 16 Set 7: The Reagan Doctrine Aid to Afghan rebels (897) Nicaragua and Grenada (897) The Iran Contra Scandal (898)

Unit 16 Set 8: New approaches to Arms Control Star Wars (898) A new Soviet leader (898) Relations improve (899)

Unit 16 Set 9: A Decade of Indulgence Yuppies (903)

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A retail revolution (903)Unit 16 Set 10: Technology and the Media

Technology and the Media (904)Unit 16 Set 11: A Society Under Stress

Crime and drugs (905) Problems with Alcohol (905) A deadly epidemic (905)

Unit 16 Set 12: Social Activism Environmental activism grows (906) Artists become activists (907) Other groups become activists (907)

Unit 16 Set 13: A New Era in Space The space shuttle (907) A home in space (908)

Unit 16 Set 14: George Bush Takes Office George Bush takes office (915)

Unit 16 Set 15: The Cold War Ends Gorbachev reforms (916) Revolution in Eastern Europe (916) The Soviet Union collapses (916)

Unit 16 Set 16: The New World Order Tragedy in Tiananmen square (917) Panama (917) The Persian Gulf War (918)

Unit 16 Set 17: Domestic Challenges The economy slows (918) Gridlock in government (918) Extending rights (919) The 1992 election (919)

Unit 17: Into a New Century

PreviewWith the introduction of the world’s first electronic digital computer in 1946, a technological revolution began. Integrated circuits led to microprocessors, and Silicon Valley soon became the breeding ground of innovation. In 1977 the first practical and affordable home computer came in the shape of Apple II. Revolutionaries in technology like Bill Gates come into play and sales for personal computers skyrocket. Bill Clinton becomes president in 1992 with plans for improving health care, reducing the federal deficit, helping families, and strengthening gun control. Clinton tried to broker a deal for peace in the Middle East but talks fail. In the year 2000 a major presidential election brings intense competition between Republican George W. Bush and Democrat Al Gore. In a close race, George Bush wins the presidency. The U.S. suffers from a terrorist attack on the World Trade Center in New York on September 11, 2001 when terrorists hijacked four American planes and executed the most devastating terrorist attack in history. President Bush declared a national emergency while Americans helped one another at home. The U.S. began a war in Afghanistan to drive out Osama Bin Laden’s terrorist group al-Qaeda and the ruling Taliban regime. Bush warned that the war would not end until “every terrorist group has been found, stopped, and defeated.”

1. (3) Al Gore: Democrat (1) who ran against George W. Bush (1) in the 2000 presidential campaign (1)2. (4) George W. Bush: a former Republican Texas governor (1) and son of the former president (1) elected to the

presidency in the year 2000 (1) currently is the U.S. president in his second term (1) 3. (1) Chad: a little piece of cardboard punched out of a ballot (1)4. (6) Al-Qaeda: the base (1) founded by Osama Bin Laden (1) in 1988 (1) part of the Taliban (1) that recruits Muslims

(1) to fight against Western ideas and influence (1)5. (4) Osama Bin Laden: founder of Al-Qaeda (1) born from a wealthy family (1) used his power to rid Afghanistan of

western ideas (1) still leading Al-Qaeda and cannot be found (1)6. (4) Terrorism: is the use of violence (1) by nongovernmental groups (1) against civilians (1) to achieve a political

goal (1)7. (2) State Sponsored Terrorism: when a government secretly supports terrorism (1) Iraq and Iran have sponsored

terrorism (1)

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8. (4) ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (1) went into operation in 1946 (1) ENICA weighed over 30 tons and was the size of a small house (1) as the size of the computer got smaller, the possibilities for its uses increased (1)

9. (4) Bill Gates: 19 year old (1) Harvard drop-out (1) who introduced Windows (1) and became a billionaire at the age of 31 (1)

10. (3) Silicon Valley: Robert Noyce, the inventor of computer chips (1) located his company south of San Francisco (1) in an area called Silicon Valley (1)

11. (3) Internet: computer users can post and receive information (1) and communicate with each other (1) creation began by the Department of Defense (1)

12. (1) Software: instructions used to program computers to perform desired tasks (1)13. (2) DNA: a genetic material in cells (1) that determines all forms of life (1)14. (3) WTO: World Trade Organization (1) administers international trade agreements (1) and helps settle trade disputes

(1)15. (3) NAFTA: North American Free Trade Agreement (1) Canada, the U.S., and Mexico have a free trade zone (1)

helps increase international trade (1)16. (3) Ralph Nader: consumer advocate (1) who entered the 2000 election (1) as a nominee of the Green Party (1)17. (3) Ethnic Cleansing: the brutal expulsion (1) of an ethnic group (1) from a geographic area (1)18. (3) Euro: The European Union (1) created a common bank (1) and a common currency for member nations (1)19. (1) Global Warming: an increase in the average world temperatures over time (1)20. (5) AmeriCorps: created by Clinton (1) to put students to work (1) improving low income housing (1) teaching

children how to read (1) and cleaning up the environment (1)21. (4) Dayton Accords: the Clinton administration (1) arranged a peace plan (1) to stop ethnic cleansing in Bosnia (1)

which brought troops to Bosnia to enforce the plan (1)

Unit 17 Notes – Into a New Century

Unit 17 Set 1: The Rise of the Computer The rise of the compact computer (931) Computers for everyone (931) Bill Gates and Microsoft (932)

Unit 17 Set 2: The Telecommunications Revolution The telecommunications revolution (932)

Unit 17 Set 3: The Rise of the Internet The rise of the internet (933)

Unit 17 Set 4: Breakthroughs in Biotechnology Unraveling the secrets of life (934) The Human Genome project (934)

Unit 17 Set 5: Clinton’s Agenda Raising taxes, cutting spending (936) Stumbling on health care (937) Families and education (937) Crime and gun control (937)

Unit 17 Set 6: The Republicans Gain Control of Congress The Contract with American (937) The budget battle (938)

Unit 17 Set 7: The 1996 Election The 1996 election (938)

Unit 17 Set 8: Clinton’s Second Tem Putting children first (939) Clinton is impeached (939)

Unit 17 Set 9: Clinton’s Foreign Policy The Haitian invasion (940) Peacekeeping in Bosnia and Kosovo (940) Peacekeeping in the Middle East (941)

Unit 17 Set 10: The New Global Economy The new global economy (943) Regional blocs (943) The World Trade Organization (944) Trade with China (945)

Unit 17 Set 11: Issues of Global Concern Nuclear proliferation (945) Concern about the Ozone (946)

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Global Warming (946)Unit 17 Set 12: A New President for a New Century

The 2000 campaign (948) A close vote (948) Bush v. Gore

Unit 17 Set 13: Bush Becomes President Cutting taxes (950) Education and health reforms (950) Rethinking America’s defenses (951)

Unit 17 Set 14: The War on Terrorism September 11, 2001 (955) Middle East Terrorism (955) A new terrorist threat (956)

Unit 17 Set 15: America Unites Citizens respond to the crisis (957) A national emergency (958)

Unit 17 Set 16: A New War Begins Fighting terrorism at home (958) Bioterrorism strikes American (959) War in Afghanistan (959) Weapons of mass destruction (959)

Unit 17 Set 17: Confronting Iraq Pressure on Iraq (960) War and its aftermath (960)

Unit 17 Set 18: The 2004 Elections The Kerry Challenge (960) A choice for a divided nation (961) Bush wins a second term (961)

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