Vocabulary/Spelling Quiz on MONDAYapwscience8.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/2/9/13294342/... · • You must work silently and independently for the first part of class. IF you have done

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STUDENT JOURNAL – Week 11 – Periodic Table Articles Overarching Goal for the Week:

• Analyze articles on the Periodic Table using Close Reading Strategies

Learning Objectives:

• Read articles relating to the Periodic Table • Apply close reading strategies to articles • Discuss articles in a group • Demonstrate reading comprehension by answering text-based questions

Week 11 Vocabulary Period Group Metall ic Luster Conductivity Halogen Noble Gas Physical Property Melting Point Boil ing Point Thermal Conductivity Electrical Conductivity Physical Change *Vocabulary/Spell ing Quiz on MONDAY


My Mad Minute Graph

What's Your Average?

Day 1 ___ Day 2 ___ Day 3 ----- + Day 4 -----

Total ___ /2 = ____

Day #5 Mad Minute: Question #1 - Are you satisfied with your overall average for this week? Why or why not? !


DAY 1- Tuesday

No Kickoff – Week 10 Student Journal was completed the turned in.

DAY 2 - Wednesday Kickoff: Put away everything except this journal and a pen or pencil.

Pencils down! Wait for Mad Minute Mad Minute Read along with the “What is the Rarest Thing on Earth” article while listening to a recording of the article. Guided Practice • Text based questions / Vocabulary

Independent Practice • Read the article again • Finish text based questions • Homework – Unfinished Vocab/Questions

The Hardest Thing To F ind In The Universe?

by Robert Krulwich What is rarer than a shooting star? Rarer than a diamond? Rarer than any metal, any mineral, so rare that if you scan the entire earth, all six million billion billion kilos or 13,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 pounds of our planet, you would find only one ounce of it? What is so rare it has never been seen directly, because if you could get enough of it together, it would self-vaporize from its own radioactive heat? What is this stuff that can't be seen or found? Well, here's a hint. It's sitting modestly in a lower row in the Periodic Table, down on the lower right, in a box marked "At." "At" stands for astatine. It is an element with 85 protons packed into its nucleus, thus the atomic number "85" ... The problem is, there's something about 85 protons in a tight space that nature doesn't enjoy. Almost as soon as they squeeze together bits of nuclear material get spat out, or get added, and poof! It isn't astatine any longer. This element has a half life of roughly 8 hours, meaning if you could get a clump of it to stay on a table (you can't), half of it would disintegrate in 8 hours, and then every 8 hours another half would go until in a few days, there'd be no astatine on the table. Its nickname should be "Goodbye!" By comparison, a clump of bismuth (atomic number 83) loses half its atoms in 20 billion billion years. So astatine blinks out fast. Its name comes from the Greek "astastos" meaning "unstable."

Vocabulary: Vaporize – Radioactive – Modestly – not very large in size or amount Questions: Explain with the author means when he states, “…bits of nuclear material get spat out, or get added, and poof! It isn't astatine any longer?” There are 16 grams of Element X on a table. It has a half-life of 4 years. After 16 years, how many grams of Element X would be left on the table? Show your work.

How Do You Know It's There? How do you discover something you can't see and can't find? Well, according to science writer (and Radiolab regular) Sam Kean, you believe it should be there, and it will come. In his book The Disappearing Spoon Sam explains that when the periodic table was being assembled, nobody had seen an atom with 85 protons, but — because the 85 box is directly below the Iodine box ("I" — atomic number 53) ... they figured, when it turns up, it might resemble iodine. Elements sharing a vertical column often share behaviors. What's more, they figured heavier atoms might be made to disintegrate and become astatine (however briefly). Or lighter atoms could be made weightier. So thinking it would show up, in the 1930s lots of physicists tried to make some "element 85." Alabamine! Dakkin! Helvetia! In 1931, an Alabama physicist said, "I've done it!" and he called his discovery "alabamine" (discoverers get naming rights), but his work was invalidated. A chemist in Dacca (now Bangladesh, then India) said "I've got it!" and named his version "dakkin", but his method proved faulty. A Swiss chemist came next and called his discovery "helvetium" from Helvetia, (Latin for Switzerland), but nobody could reproduce what he'd done, until finally three Berkeley scientists did it right, and so it became Astatine. A few years later, some lab-created astatine was injected into a guinea pig and traces were found in the little rodent's thyroid gland, which is where you'd normally find iodine! So the element did behave like its upstairs neighbor! Now they were sure. "Astatine remains the only element whose discovery was confirmed by a nonprimate," writes Sam.

Vocabulary: Assembled – to collect (things) or gather (people) into one place or group Disintegrate – to break apart into many small parts or pieces Invalidated – to weaken or destroy the effect of (something) Hal f-Life – Primate – Questions: According to the article and based on what you’ve learned, why did scientist expect element number 85 to resemble iodine? What did the first scientists who claimed to have found element 85 have their work invalidated?

Alma Mater-izing But with all this place-naming, I wondered, why didn't the Berkeley scientists name their element after Berkeley? Well, Sam reports, scientists at UC Berkeley discovered so many elements in the 40s and 50s, they could be patient. Element 85 is astatine. Element 97 is called berkelium. Element 98 is called Californium. These discoveries led The New Yorker to muse that if only they'd waited longer they could have spelled out their complete name ... ... the university ... has lost forever the chance of immortalizing itself in the atomic tables with some such sequence as universitium (97), ofium (98), californium(99), berkelium(100). Berkeley scientists Glenn Seaborg and Albert Ghiorso quickly wrote back to point out if they'd done "universitium" "ofium" they'd have been in dangerous territory. What if some NYU scientists found elements 99 and 100 and named them "newium and yorkium"? Then Berkeley would have handed NYU a four-element crown. The New Yorker staff, rooting for the home team, warmed to the challenge: "We are already at work in our office laboratories on 'newium' and 'yorkium,' they wrote back. "So far we have just have the names." Ah, the vanities of science!

Vocabulary: Alma Mater – the school, college, or university that someone attended Muse – to think or say (something) in a thoughtful way Immortalizing – to cause (someone or something) to be remembered forever Vanities – the quality of people who have too much pride in their own appearance, abilities, achievements, etc. Questions: Where do you think element number 98 was discovered? Explain your answer. There are now strict rules to naming elements. Based on the newest (heaviest/highest atomic number) elements. What do you think is one rule of naming? According to Seaborg and Ghiorso, what could have happened if elements 97 and 98 had been named "universitium" and "ofium?"


DAY 3 - Thursday Kickoff: Mr. Davis is out today. Read the substitute guidel ines together and aloud as a class with the substitute. There is no Data Recorder today. 1. I will obey the substitute all times and follow Rule #1. 2. I will sit in my assigned seat and not get up without permission. 3. I will act with respect for my classmates, the substitute, and myself. 4. I will complete my assignment and act as if Mr. Davis were here. 5. I understand that if I do not follow these guidelines, the substitute will leave my name and I will be given an appropriate consequence when Mr. Davis returns.

Pencils down! Wait for Mad Minute

Mad Minute There is no mad minute today. L isten to the direct ions from the subst itute and fo l low instruct ions EXACTLY. Instructions:

• Follow Rule #1 at all times. Do not talk back or be disrespectful. Do not get out of your seats without permission.

• The work we are doing is the same as yesterday, with a new article. If you were absent, flip back to the day(s) you missed and do that assignment before doing today’s. Today’s article: Element 115 Could Be Near Elusive 'Island Of Stability'

• We will listen to the article and read along as a class. If you are absent, you have to read without listening

to the article.

• You will then annotate the article using close reading strategies before answering the text-based questions.

• Your answers must be thorough and in complete sentences. Work that is not thoughtful will not be

marked as complete.

• If you get done…complete any unfinished work from yesterday, and/or do enrichment exercises. Today’s independent practice is the same Wednesday.

• There is no situation where you have no work to do. You must be working on something at all times.

• You must work silently and independently for the first part of class. IF you have done so, you will be allowed to WORK (no playing or chit chat) with a partner near you (do not move seats) for the last 15 minutes of class to clear up any confusion and/or share ideas.

Annotations/Notes/Questions:

Vocabulary: Elusive - hard to f ind or capture Stabi l i ty (stable) - in a good state or condit ion that is not easi ly changed or l ikely to change Questions: How do scientists make new elements? Use your knowledge of atomic numbers to explain why combing elements would make a new element. Why aren’t they just isotopes of the same element?

Element 115 Could Be Near Elusive 'Island Of Stability' ROBERT SIEGEL, HOST: Remember the periodic table from your school days? Well, it's still growing. Scientists say they've created one of the heaviest chemical elements ever seen. Element 115 doesn't even have a name yet. But as NPR's Geoff Brumfiel reports, the researchers say even heavier elements may be just around the corner. GEOFF BRUMFIEL, BYLINE: Rodi Herzberg says making super-heavy elements is just like baking. DR. RODI HERZBERG: You take all the ingredients and then you throw them all together in a very controlled way. BRUMFIEL: If you've done your whisking, set the oven at just the right temperature... HERZBERG: What you get out is a perfectly baked cake. BRUMFIEL: Or if you're a nuclear physicist like Herzberg, a new element, element 115. OK. So it's not exactly like baking a cake. Scientists start with elements that already exist in nature and combine them together. This creates big new elements packed to the brim with positively charged protons. But positive charges repel, so...


HERZBERG: If you just put positive charges into it, you get something that tries to rip itself apart eventually. And that is why it is very, very difficult to create these super-heavy elements. BRUMFIEL: In fact, that's one reason element 115 isn't official. Russian scientists first spotted it a few years ago, but they couldn't be sure. They couldn't measure it before it blew itself apart. Now, Herzberg at the University of Liverpool in the U.K., together with colleagues in Europe, the U.S. and Japan, have detected an X-ray signal that makes it much more likely 115 exists, if only briefly. The work will appear in Physical Review Letters. So what's this exotic new element good for? HERZBERG: It has nothing, nothing whatsoever to do with antigravity devices or spaceships or anything else. It really is a down-to-earth element 115. BRUMFIEL: But 115 could be on the edge of something really magical. Nuclear researchers call it the island of stability. Elements on this island are even heavier than 115, but strange quantum effects keep them from breaking apart. They can stick around for minutes, days, maybe even years. HERZBERG: It could well be that there are elements that live long enough to make milligram or microgram quantities eventually and do something with them. BRUMFIEL: In the meantime, 115 doesn't even have a name. If further study shows it really, really exists, an international committee will decide which of its many discoverers around the world will get naming rights. Geoff Brumfiel, NPR News.

Vocabulary: Col leagues – Exotic – Quantum – International committee - Questions: Why do the elements try to rip themselves apart? Use your knowledge of particle charges to respond. According to the article, what is magical about 115 and why is that a good thing? If you could name an element, what would you name it and why?


DAY 4 - Friday Kickoff: Mr. Davis is out today. Read the substitute guidel ines together and aloud as a class with the substitute. There is no Data Recorder today. 1. I will obey the substitute all times and follow Rule #1. 2. I will sit in my assigned seat and not get up without permission. 3. I will act with respect for my classmates, the substitute, and myself. 4. I will complete my assignment and act as if Mr. Davis were here. 5. I understand that if I do not follow these guidelines, the substitute will leave my name and I will be given an appropriate consequence when Mr. Davis returns.

Pencils down! Wait for Mad Minute

Mad Minute There is no mad minute today. L isten to the direct ions from the subst itute and fo l low instruct ions EXACTLY. Instructions:

• Follow Rule #1 at all times. Do not talk back or be disrespectful. Do not get out of your seats without permission.

• The work we are doing is the same as yesterday, with a new article. If you were absent, flip back to the day(s) you missed and do that assignment before doing today’s. Today’s article: As Greenland Seeks Economic Development, Is Uranium The Way?

• We will listen to the article and read along as a class. If you are absent, you have to read without listening

to the article.

• You will then annotate the article using close reading strategies before answering the text-based questions.

• Your answers must be thorough and in complete sentences. Work that is not thoughtful will not be

marked as complete.

• If you get done…complete any unfinished work from yesterday, and/or do enrichment exercises. Today’s independent practice is the same Wednesday.

• There is no situation where you have no work to do. You must be working on something at all times.

• You must work silently and independently for the first part of class. IF you have done so, you will be allowed to WORK (no playing or chit chat) with a partner near you (do not move seats) for the last 15 minutes of class to clear up any confusion and/or share ideas.


Vocabulary: Turbine - an engine that has a part with blades that are caused to spin by pressure from water, steam, or air Monopoly - complete control of the entire supply of goods or of a service in a certain area or market Questions: What are some of the things we use rare earth elements for? How many rare earth elements are there? What are the atomic numbers of promethium and scandium? Why is there a race to find new places to mine rare earth elements?

As Greenland Seeks Economic Development, Is Uranium The Way? AUDIE CORNISH, HOST: Cell phones, wind turbines, hybrid cars; to make any of these things you need Rare Earth elements. There are 17 of them, all metals, on the Periodic Table with names like: promethium and scandium. Right now, China enjoys a near-monopoly on the global supply. And that's sparked a race to find new sources of these rare elements. One particularly large deposit is in Greenland. But Sidsel Overgaard reports the metals there come with strings attached - radioactive ones. KAREN HANGHOJ: What you can see here in the southern region here, is you have a big pink region. SIDSEL OVERGAARD, BYLINE: Karen Hanghøj, a peppy scientist with Denmark's Geological Survey, is pointing to the southern tip of Greenland on a colorful map hanging in her office. HANGHOJ: And then within the pink region, you see you have all these little purple dots. And what the purple dots are is a later period of rifting. These complexes have these weird chemistries and have these very, very strange minerals in them. OVERGAARD: Including Rare Earth elements. HANGHOJ: But the deposit - actually, this rock over here, if I can just grab a rock. (SOUNDBITE OF BANGING)


OVERGAARD: The hefty rock Hanghøj lifts off her desk comes from that pink and purple polka-dotted region, though the rock itself is nondescript, except for one shiny black nugget. HANGHOJ: This one here, it's called Steenstrupine. And that mineral has all the Rare Earths, or most of the Rare Earths, but also most of the uranium. OVERGAARD: Uranium that would therefore have to mined, along with those coveted Rare Earths. There are a few problems with that. First, Greenland has a ban on uranium extraction. The so-called zero tolerance policy was put in place 25 years ago, when the country was more tightly controlled by nuclear-averse Denmark. Since then, Greenland has taken on a new level of self-governance, including jurisdiction over its own natural resources. And this month, Greenland's Parliament appears likely to lift the zero tolerance policy. That could open the door for uranium mining not only as a by-product, but also as a primary product. By some estimates, Greenland has enough of the radioactive stuff to make it one of the top five exporters in the world. And that could be a problem for Denmark, which is still responsible for Greenland's foreign policy and security. CINDY VESTERGAARD: The Greenlandic position seems to be that as long as we are exporting for peaceful purposes, then Denmark does not need to be engaged. OVERGAARD: Cindy Vestergaard is with the Danish Institute for International Studies.

Vocabulary: Nondescript – not easily described Extraction – Jurisdict ion - the power or right to make judgments about the law, to arrest and punish criminals, etc. Nuclear – of, relating to, producing, or using energy that is created when the nuclei of atoms are split apart or joined together Averse – having a clear dislike of (something) : strongly opposed to (something) Questions: What is the problem with mining Steenstrupine? Why is Denmark concerned about the mining of Uranium in Greenland?


VESTERGAARD: The challenge with that is that how will Denmark know it is being used for peaceful purposes if they are not involved? And so it's one thing if we're abolishing a policy. But what is going to be the policy instead of that? And that is something where Denmark and Greenland, for the first time in their history, really need to actually start engaging in a discussion that they have not had up to this point. OVERGAARD: And then there's the environment. This spring, a coalition of 48 non-governmental organizations from around the world called on Greenland to uphold the zero tolerance policy, citing the potential for radioactive pollution in a delicate Arctic ecosystem. And members of Greenland's opposition party, like Sara Olsvig, say the public still doesn't really understand the potential consequences of uranium mining. SARA OLSVIG: We have a lot of other choices in Greenland of other minerals, other resources - living and nonliving - that we can export. And our opinion is that we should go for those other resources instead of rushing through a decision on uranium, not even knowing if it, in the long run, will pay off. We don't even know the full picture of what things we would have to build to just monitor a big, open pit uranium mines in Greenland.

Vocabulary: Questions: According to the article, what is one major problem that could arise from mining Uranium? What reasons does Sara Olsvig give for not wanting to mine Uranium?


OVERGAARD: But for others, mining and the economic freedom it represents cannot come fast enough. Technically, Greenland could declare independence from Denmark any time. But without new sources of income, the country remains tethered to its annual Danish subsidy of roughly half a billion dollars. Doris Jakobsen, with the ruling Greenlandic Party, says she's tired of hearing what others say her country can and can't do. DORIS JAKOBSEN: (Through Translator) I can't accept that Greenland should become a museum. Those NGOs also say that it should be forbidden to sell our seals, forbidden to whale, forbidden to extract oil, forbidden to extract uranium. You can't limit everything. Greenland needs economic development. OVERGAARD: Whatever happens in regard to uranium, this issue has raised the decibel level of discussion about Greenland's future. And if there's one thing both the ruling and opposition parties can agree on, it's that any movement is good if it leads to independence.

Vocabulary: Tethered – to use a rope or chain to tie to something in order to keep it in a particular area Decibel - a unit for measuring how loud a sound is Questions: A small amount of Uranium can be used to make energy for many people. It can also be used to make very deadly bombs. Do you think we Greenland should be able to mine Uranium so that they can be more independent even though they could end up selling it to countries that might use it to harm people? Explain your answer.

Periodic Table Worksheet

1. Where are the most active metals located?

2. Where are the most active nonmetals located?

3. As you go from left to right atomic radius (decreases/increases). Why?

4. As you travel down a group atomic radius (decreases/increases). Why?

5. A negative ion is (larger/smaller) than its parent atom. Why?

6. A positive ion is (larger/smaller) than its parent atom. Why?

7. Elements in group one are called.

8. Elements in group two are called.

9. Elements in groups 3-12 are called.

10. As you go from left to right across the periodic table, the elements go from

(metals/nonmetals) to (metals/nonmetals).

11. Group 17 elements are called.

12. The most active element in group 17 is.

13. Group 18 are called the . Why this name?

14. Elements in a group have the same number of and the same .

15. The majority of the elements in the periodic table are (metals/nonmetals).

16. The father of the periodic table is.

17. Elements in the periodic table are arranged according to their.

18. What is a metalloid? Where are they found?

19. What physical state does each color represent on the big P.T. Black = Blue = Red = Hollow =

40 pts - Enrichment

21. What are the 8 diatomic elements? What does it mean to be diatomic? Answer the following questions about groups and periods in the periodic table

22. What element is in group 4 period 5?

23. How many elements are in period 4?

24. How many elements are in period 6?

25. How many metals are in group 14?

26. How many gaseous elements are there?

27. How many elements exist in the liquid state at room temperature?

28. Why are groups sometimes called families?

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Vocabulary/Spelling Quiz on MONDAYapwscience8.weebly.com/uploads/1/3/2/9/13294342/... · • You must work silently and independently for the first part of class. IF you have done