Last Ditch Clemency Fight in Rosenberg CaseWorld Protest Rises in Effort To Save Couple

By Harry FrankelWith their execution scheduled for their wedding

anniversary, June 18, repeated batterings against the walls of “ justice” have thus far failed to secure a stay of execu­t ion fo r the Rosenberg couple.®'E the l and Ju lius Rosenberg are in the S ing S ing death house a fte r a hyste rica l 19511 t r ia l which fea tu red f lim s y “ evidence” o f espionage and a v in d ic tive death ve rd ic t m otiva ted by p o litica l hatreds.

(In an im p o rtan t new develop­m ent o f the clemency cam paign, Hugo E rns t, general president o f the A F L H ote l and R estaurant Employees and Bartenders In te r ­na tiona l U nion, one o f the la rge s t ih the A F L w ith its 400,000 mem­bers, came out fo r clemency by s ign ing a Rosenberg pe tition . A lso , on June 1 the U ruguayan Cham ber o f Deputies passed a reso lu tion ca lling fo r clemency w ith on lv one dissenting vote.

A tto rne ys Emanuel Bloch and John F F in e r ty (who served in the past as counsel fo r Sacco and V anze tti, fo r Tom Mooney, and fo r the Commission o f In q u iry in fo the Moscow t r ia l charges aga inst Leon T ro ts k y ) represent­in g the Rosenbergs, have taken th e ir jjlea to the U.S. Supreme C o u rt fo r the fo u rth tim e. In the m eantim e, Federal Judge I rv in g R. K au fm an again refused a stay o f execution and a new tr ia l.

The Rosenbergs have appealed K au fm an ’s re fusa l to the U.S. C irc u it C ourt o f Appeals, which has, a t th is w r it in g , reserved deci­

sion fo r a few days. The Supreme C ourt, i f i t ru les again in the case, w ill have to do so by June 15, on which date the C ourt’s present s it t in g w i l l end.

N E W E V ID E N C E Demands fo r a new t r ia l are

based upon new evidence un­covered in the Rosenberg case. A ha nd w ritten document by D avid Greenglass, cen tra l prosecution w itness upon whose tes tim ony the governm ent case rested, shows th a t an ea rly version o f his s to ry was qu ite d iffe re n t fro m the la te r version which, under coaching fro m the F B I, he produced in court. D eta ils con trad ic t each o ther in the ea rly and la te r stories, and at many spots Green- glass makes it pe rfe c tly apparent th a t he was “ bu ild ing up” a yarn under F B I tu te lage .

The Greenglass document is dated “ Saturday, June 1050.” He w ro te i t a lm ost a year before the tr ia l, fo r the in fo rm a tio n o f his a tto rney , O. John Rogge, and in i t te lls w ha t he to ld the F B I. A t one p o in t Greenglass w ro te :

“ I stated th a t I m et (H a r ry ) Gold in N . M. (N ew M exico) a t 209 H ick St., m y place. They (the F B I) to ld me th a t I had to ld h im to come back la te r because I

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Vol. X V II - No. 24 NEW YORK, N. Y., MONDAY, JUNE 15, 1953 PRICE: 10 CENTS

SWP Asks Clemency For Rosenberg Couple

NEW YORK, June 10 — Farrell Dobbs, National Secretary of the Socialist Workers Party, sent a strong message of "protest on the Rosenberg case to President Eisenhower today. The message 5-ca lls a tten tion to .th e f lim s y e v i­dence in the case, the hys te ria su rround ing the tr ia l, the recent- Jy uncovered new evidence, and the unprecedented seve rity o f the sentence. The fu l l te x t fo llow s :

President Eisenhower W h ite House W ashington, D. C.

M r. P resident:Ju lius and E thel Rosenberg

have been convicted o f espionage and sentenced to die on June 18 on the basis o f a patched-up, p e rju ry -rid d e n “ case” th a t was jam m ed th rough the courts in a few hyste rica! days.

Thousands who have studied the evidence have been convinced th a t there was no fa ir t r ia l. H un­dreds o f thousands o f others, w ith no special legal tra in in g o r knowledge o f the case, are w ill in g to concede a possible v io la tio n o f the law by the Rosenbergs, but. are ho rrified a t the unprecedented use o f the death .penalty in a peace-tim e espionage case.

New evidence in the fo rm o f m a te ria l exh ib its which the prose­cu tion , never produced a t the t r ia l has been uncovered by the defense. Some o f th is evidence dem onstrates p e r ju ry on t.he pa rt o f the governm ent w itness on Whose unsupported word the Rosenbergs are to be put to death.

To disregard these, facts and pend the Rosenbergs to t jie death- cha ir despite a ll doubt« and p ro ­tests means to assist in an act o f cold-blooded m urder.

W e demand tha t you h a lt the death m arch o f the governm ent agencies who are t ry in g to cover up th e ir fab rica ted ease w ith the

bodies o f two helpless v ic tim s . We demand th a t you extend executive clemency to the Rosenbergs, and g ive them a chance to prove th e ir innocence in a fa ir t r ia l.

F a rre ll Dobbs N a tiona l Secretary

Race Terrorists Indicted in Florida

Six members o f the K u K lu x K lan were indicted fo r p e rju ry on June 4 in M iam i F lo rida . The in ­d ictm ent by a Federal grand ju ry is the firs t move to b rin g to justice the an ti - N egro te rro r is ts who have been conducting a cam­paign o f bu rn ing , bom bing, f lo g ­ging, attem pted k idnapp ing and m urder since 1919.

The charges o f p e r ju ry are in connection w ith a long lis t o f ra c is t acts described by the grand ju ry as “ a cata log o f te rro r th a t seems incred ib le .” The m urder o f H a rry and H a rr ie t Moore, N A A C P leaders in F lo rida , on Christm as n ig h t 1951, was on ly mentioned by the grand ju ry .

T lie N A A C P , w h ile h a ilin g the ind ic tm ents as a “ good begin­n ing ,” called fo r unceasing e ffo r t to uncover the slayers o f the Moores.

The ind ic tm ent o f these six Klansm en on numerous counts of p e rju ry on ly opens the case and indicates the numerous leads tha t a serious investiga tion must. take. I t is c lear th a t such an in ves tig a ­tion would penetr^Je the whole ro tten s truc tu re o f the c ity and state governm ent apparatus tha t has covered up the te rro r is ts all these years.

Generals, Politicians Of Both Parties Fear Bring-Boys-Home Drive

B}r A rt Preis“ How soon can I go home?”This “ firs t reaction of all soldiers interviewed” by the

Associated Press after the signing of the prisoner of war agreement in the Korea truce negotiations is causing night­mares for the Wall Street war-makers and their Washing­ton agents.

They are painfully recalling the giant “ bring us home” demonstrations by the GIs after World War II. All the capitalist political spokesmen,* as a cease-fire ap­pears close, are tu rn in g th e ir ̂ a tte n tio n to the “ main danger” —

House Opens Way For Impure Foods

“ Let (lie buyer bew are !" T h is is the slogan the House o f Repre­sentatives seems to have had in m ind when i t slashed the appro­p ria tio ns fo r the LLS. Food and D rug A dm in is tra tion . I f the Senate does no t restore the fund, consumers w i l l have l i t t le o r no governm ent p ro tection against ro tte n foods, poisonous drugs and gyp products.

The reduction in funds means th a t the sm all s ta ff o f 897 w ill have to be cut by about 110 em­ployes. Th is would mean suspen­sion o f operations against gyp a rtis ts who practice such th ings as sa tu ra tin g frozen fow l, f ru its and vegetables w ith w a te r before freez ing to bo ls te r th e ir weight.. The food san ita tion p rogram of the agency would also have to be lowered by about 25%.

The agency it: c u rre n tly seizing a w eekly average o f 164 tons o f decomposed and otherw ise u n fit food.

LEGLESS VETERAN MAKES HIS TENTH APPEAL IN ' ’DISLOYALTY” FIRING

W A S H IN G T O N , June 4 —James K utcher today appeared before the Lo ya lty Review Board o f the U.S. C iv il Service Com­mission lo seek re instatem ent to his job in the N ew ark Veterans A dm in is tra tion . T h is was t-he tenth appeal made by the legless veteran in his five - year figh t against the governm ent lo y a lty purgera.

He was represented a t the hearing by Daniel P o ll it t o f the noted W ashington law firm o f Rauh and Levy- Kuteheris a t­torney presented three main argum ents in p leading fo r a reversal o f the decision against him .

F irs t , a fte r the U.S. C ourt of Appeal had set aside the o rig in a l order o f discharge in October 1952, tin- Veteran A d m in is tra to r did no t g ra n t K u tch e r a. proper hearing under the E xecutive

O rder because his case It ad been S> re fe rred back to a h ighe r level | than the Branch L o y a lty Board.

Second K u tche r was no t in ­form ed o f t ile specific na ture o f the charges aga inst h im in tim e to prepare an adequate defense.

T h ird , and most im p o rtan t, the evidence did not susta in the fin d ­ing o f d is lo ya lty . The on ly basis fo r such a find ing under the T ru ­man O rder would be tha t K u tcher advocated the vio len t overth row o f the governm ent. The record showed tha t ne ither he no r his organ ization, the S oc ia lis t W o rk ­ers P a rty , held such views.

The three - man board which heard K u tch e r’s appeal w ill have to de live r its decision in a few weeks since the L o y a lty Review Board is be ing scrapped under the fa r more a rb itra ry "se cu rity system ” recen tly established by Eisenhower.

Swiss Socialists Hit 'Blood-Verdict'

The following telegram was sent to the U.S. Embassy in Switzerland by the Swiss So­cialist Workers League.

“Protesting against blood- v e r d i c t in Rosenberg case . . . . The death sentence for allegedly transm itting not very important information to an allied power in peace lime and in a poorly proven case is unprecedented in American his­tory. I t is an act of political witch-hunt aimed at causing war hysteria and has no more in common with justice than the frame-up trials in the coun­tries controlled by the Krem ­lin."

Who W ill Lead Struggle Against McCarthyism?By Murry Weiss

W ho w il l lead the s trugg le against M cC arthy ism ? T h is is the question raised in the June 6 issue o f The N a tion . In the firs t o f a series o f artic les, the ed itors o f the libe ra l weekly discuss the "c r is is in leadership” o f the an ti- M cC arthy forces.

The v iew po in t they take is o f in te res t because it- expresses the g ro w in g fea r in labo r and libe ra l circ les tha t M cC arthy ism is more than an exaggerated aspect, of the w itch hunt, th a t the S enator fro m W isconsin, who has acquired ominous power, is the product o f p r o f o u n d social forces th a t threaten to destroy every vestige o f independent c r it ic a l opin ion and even the labo r movem ent itse lf.

The libe ra ls and certa in labo r o ffic ia ls m an ifes t an a ir o f ¡panic at. the w ay pow erfu l sections o f both c a p ita lis t pa rties encourage M cC arthy. The N a tion says, “ M c­C arthy ism , m eaning the w o rs t b ipa rtisan reaction , m ay score

heav ily in 1954 and even tr ium p h in 1956.”

I t has become obvious, even to labor o ffic ia ls who have carried the w itch h u n t in to the unions, th a t M cC arthy has a b lack -lis t and a tim etab le w h ich include them. They aren’ t k id d in g them ­selves about, the place o f the Dem ocratic p a r ty on th is b lack­lis t. The N a tion cites a recent cartoon in a labor paper showing a w itness before a Congressional Com m ittee s ta tin g “ th a t he is not and never has been a member o f the Dem ocratic p a rty .”

NO C H A M P IO N SAccord ing to The N ation , the

movem ent against M cC arthyism is grow ing , bu t i t “ has curious ly fa iled to provide champions w ill in g to take on G o lia th .”

The- question then arises — where w il l these cham pions come from ?

The f irs t a rtic le in The N a tion ’s series a lready indicates th a t we

m ay expect, no serious answer fro m the libera ls . T h e ir fea r and panic before the M cC arthy menace is 'g re a t, bu t not as g re a t as th e ir in a b ility to come up w ith an answer.

The troub le is th a t the libe ra ls and labo r o ffic ia ls are . tied to the same p o litica l power s tructure o f cap ita lism th a t is producing MoC-arthyism. They see in the feeble le ft w ing o f the Dem ocratic p a rty the source o f a ll hope. But M cC arthy knows better. The N a ­tion adm its that, the cu rre n t “ power s itu a tio n ” (the direct and in d ire c t support M cC arthy is g e ttin g from the Dem ocratic and Republican pa rties ) “ enables M c­C a rthy to feel th a t hi- has no th ing Lo fea r from the Dem ocratic ‘ le f t ’ which, a lready punished and smeared, he proposes to destrov in 1954.”

N E X T V IC T IMM cC arthy has good reason n o t

to fe a r the Dem ocratic “ le ft . ” F a r

from considering it the center of leadership aga inst his fasc is t-like movement, he regards it as his next m a jo r v ic tim . Le t us rem em ­ber tha t th is “ le ft . ” composed o f labor o ffic ia ls and libera ls , w ith the organized power o f 17 m illio n trade un ion is ts behind them, squandered th is power in fu t ile “ lesser-evil” po lities in 1952 and pe rm itted Eisenhower to take power.

The N ation is r ig h t in th in k in g th lr t M cC arthy is ou t fo r bear in 1954. B u t w lia t do they propose to do except continue the cata­stroph ic po licy o f 1952?

The Dem ocratic pa rty , like the Republican p a rty , serves B ig Business. Because o f th is no sec­tion o f e ithe r p a rty is capable o f leading the people in a s tru g ­gle against M cC arthy ism . The s trugg le w ith M cCarthyism is at bottom a s trugg le between the workers and the cap ita lis ts in the U n ited States.

The g ro w th o f M cC arthy ism is

a domestic consequence o f the reactionary fo re ign po licy o f B ig Business and its governm ent. A m erica ’s ru lin g fa m ilie s are p lann ing the m il ita ry destruction o f the w o rld - w ide revo lutionary- s trugg le o f the w o rk in g class and o f the colonial peoples. T h is po licy o f counter-revo lu tion abroad m ust be supported by a po licy of counter-revo lu tion at home.

M cC a r t h y ’s g o a l

T h a t’s M cC arthy ism — counter­revo lu tion on the domestic fro n t. The basic p rogram o f th is do­m estic coun te r-revo lu tionary d rive is: (1 ) Contain the labo r move­ment w ith an a ll-o u t w itch hunt. (2) Enlist the labo r bureaucracy in the w itch hunt and underm ine the m ilita n t fig h tin g tra d itio n s o f the trade unions through th is •method. (3 ) Then v ic tim ize the labor o ffic ia ls and the libe ra ls themselves; catch them in the w itch -hu n t tra p and step up the drive against the unions. (4)

the Am erican soldiers in Korea and th e ir fo lks here a t home.

The o ffic ia l a tt itu d e is summed up by the S cripps-H ow ard news­papers: “ A d m in is tra tio n w i l l f ig h t any ‘b r in g the boys home’ d rive w ith eve ry th in g i t ’s go t.”

Thus, generals, corpora tion ex­ecutives and po litic ian s o f both m a jo r pa rties are jo in in g in a. d rive to stem the an tic ipa ted nation-w ide dem and' th a t th is m ost unpopu la r w a r in A m erican h is to ry be re a lly ended by b r in g ­in g the troops home a t once.

V o ic ing the views o f E isen­hower the Assistant to the P res i­dent Sherman Adams in a pub lic address on June 7 spoke o f the “ danger” o f a Korea truce. He warned o f a rep e titio n now o f “ the ‘ te r r if ic pressure' b rough t upon every member [o f Con­gress] to see tha t the W orld W a r I I ‘boys got home a t the ea rliest possible moment.' ” (Associated Press, June 7.)

Gen. W a lte r B. S m ith , U nder Secretary o f S tate and fo rm e r Ambassador to Moscow, declared “ we cannot re lax ” and m ust keep the troops in Korea “ fo r some period” even i f a trace is signed. In Seoul, Lt.. Gen, M axw e ll D. T a y lo r “ said today an a rm is tice would not ju s t i fy departu re fro m

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The Cost 0? Korea

U.S. ba ttle casualties since T ru ­man announced the Korea “ police ac tion " on June 27, 1950, accord­in g to a U N sum m ary on M ay 29, to ta l 136,129.

There are more than 1,500,000 veterans o f the Korean w a r; an­o ther h a lf-m illio n members o f a ll armed forces are s t i l l engaged in Korea.

Money cost o f the w a r so fa r fo r the U.S. A rm y alone, accord­ing to S ecre tary o f the A rm y R obert T. Stevens, is about $T5 b illion .

South Korean b a ttle losses as o f A p r i l 30 are estim ated a t 2-56,001. F ifte en U N a llies susta in­ed losses to ta llin g 13,512.

'Combined Chinese and N o rth Korean ba ttle losses are es tim a t­ed a t 1,347,000.

” 2 000,000 c iv ilia n s have been k illed in the w ar so fa r ,” said J. Donald K ings ley, agent general o f the U N Korean Reconstruction Agency, on M ay 22, 1951. On June 6, 1951 — two years ago — South Korean ambassador D r. You Chan V ang said there were then “ nearly 3 m illio n ” c iv ilia n casualties.

WALL STREET BEWAILS RATBRE’S “DIRTY TRICK”

By David StevensA “ c liff hanging crisis” threatens in the next few

weeks. “ This scary episode w ill come when the 1953 winter wheat harvest reaches its peak rolling through Kansas,Nebraska and the states to the 5—

Smash the trade unions. Restore t.he open shop pa rad is jt o f the period before the g re a t labo r upsurge in the th ir t ie s . T rans fo rm the A m erican w ork ing , class in to docile factory ' slaves o f the w ar machine.

T h is is the real d irection o f the M cC arthy w itch hunt. The N a ­tion is co rrec t on one po in t: The next b ig showdown w ith M c­C arthy ism w ill occur in the 1954 elections. The tim e to organize fo r th a t showdown is now. Above a ll, a united and independent po litica l line fo r labor m ust be hammered out. W hat w ill the labor move­m ent do in 1954? To rem ain trapped in the po licy o f support­ing candidates o f the ca p ita lis t pa rties is to in v ite disaster.

N E E D F IG H TE R SIn Congress labor needs a

pow erfu l caucus o f its own genuine representatives. It: needs tough trade un ion is ts who w il l

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east a long the Ohio R iver about the f irs t o f J u ly .” So speaks the sober and conservative W a ll S treet Journa l (June 3 and 4) as i f i t were describ ing a spreading a g r ic u ltu ra l b lig h t. In the grave op in ion o f U nder - S ecre ta ry of A g r ic u ltu re T rue D. Morse. “ Th is is not a p t to be a tem porary s itu a tio n .” And an anonymous Republican fa rm -b loc member o f Congress declared, “ Judgm ent day is ju s t around the corner.”

These fearsome predictions con­cern ing the fa te o f the Republican ad m in is tra tio n and the en tire na­tiona l economy its e lf are fu l ly ju s tified . A m erica, i t seems has been cursed w ith a near-record bum per crop o f w heat and corn. Piled upon the m ounta ins o f g ra in stored fro m past years, the new crop threatens to ove rflow a ll ava ilab le elevators, bins and warehouses. “ N a tu re has played a d in ty tr ic k ,” com plains the W all Street Journa l. “ W here to p u t a ll the wheat has become a s p lit t in g headache.”

A lready old wheat and corn is be ing moved in to old m il ita ry warehouses, in to 75 old “ m o th ­balled” ships in the Hudson R iver no rth o f New Y o rk C ity and 50 in the James R ive r o f N o rfo lk , V irg in ia . G ra in clogs the lake vessels and the s h u ttlin g ra ilro a d box cars. G ra in is being shoveled

in to fa rm e rs ’ barns despite the Food and D ru g A d m in is tra tio n ’s program “ to keep wheat clean and free fro m in fe s ta tio n .”

W heat harvests have reached the one - b illio n - bushels - a - year m ark since 1944. La s t year the crop was 1,300,000,000 bushels, the second la rges t in h is to ry . T h is yea r the dread prospect is an­o ther record wheat ha rvest o f w e ll over a b illio n bushels. There is an “ even worse problem in corn,” declares the W a ll S treet J o u r­nal. The. prospect is tha t the na­tion w i l l be h it w ith a deluge o f 3,100,000,000 bushels.

The s itua tion is a sardonic com­m enta ry on the recent deluge o f artic les and books w a rn in g us about the danger o f over-popula­tion and the need fo r spreading b ir th -co n tro l in fo rm a tio n so as to prevent m ankind from m u lt ip ly ­ing fa s te r than ou r food supply. Now, i f we are to believe the W all Street Jou rna l, the im ­mediate danger is our be ing drowned hi an ocean o f g ra in .

TO T H E RESC UE B u t the E isenhower ad m in is tra ­

tion is fu lly aware o f the danger. I t is con tinu ing the measures used by its Dem ocratic prede­cessors, nam ely, bu y in g up the “ surp lus.”

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“How Soon Can I Go Home?” Every Gl in Korea Is Asking

Page Two T H E M I L I T A N T Monday, June 15,1953

On Tour with Stevenson

DARLING OF LIBERALS WINED AND DINED

BY DICTATORBy Manuel Rodriguez

Evaluation of USSR Is Crucial For Socialists as War Nears

Adlai Stevenson, defeated Democratic candidate for president, is touring the world in the unofficial capacity of a super-ambassador for American Big Business. He reports his tour, his observations and impressions in a series of articles running currently in Look magazine. These articles tell a lot about Stevenson and his political type. And they also tell us much about a world in revo­lutionary transformation as seen through the eyes of a hostile observer. They reveal what The Militant claimed throughout the presidential campaign — that the two major parties of Big Business and their leading spokes­men do not differ basically in policy on world issues.

Millions of workers in the United States placed their faith in Stevenson as a “ friend of labor” and a genuine fighter for peace. This was mainly due to the glowing recommendation he received from the labor officials. Now we have a chance to check what we missed when we didn’t get Stevenson as president.

A tour of the world today is a tour of the revolutionary storm centers where the long-oppressed toilers are seeking to build a new life for themselves on socialist foundations. An honest observer would seek every scrap of information about what is happening, above all in China where hun­dreds of millions of people are reconstructing society and' changing the course of world history.

What are the Chinese people striving for and what are they doing? Stevenson made Formosa his headquarters; for this important part, of his tour. He tells us that he was well received by the counter-revolutionary hangman Chiang Kai-shek. “ I was overwhelmed by my welcome — a bedroom as big as a tennis court, an elaborate civil recep­tion. . . an elegant Chinese dinner at his villa in the lovely foothills back of Taipei.” Under these circumstances

. and from such sources we can well imagine what Steven­son’s interests were and what he was after.

He found Chiang impatient for action — “ He says communism must be fought with bullets firs t. Ohly after •its military strength is broken can programs be introduced to win the ideological struggle.” Chiang also assured Stevenson that 95% of the Chinese people are anti-com­munist, and will support him. “ And so Chiang believes he would soon be on his way to the reconquest of China and the extermination of the communist threat in Asia.”

The reaction of Stevenson to this bragging is quite typical of the state of mind of the upper sections of Amer­ican Big Business policy makers. He says, “ And what if Chiang failed? Would we send Americans into the vast morass of the China mainland to bail him out? Where would they come from — Korea? And if his army is lost in the great mainland gamble, who would defend Formosa? For Formosa must be held.”

These apprehensions were reinforced by some “ sober­ing news” in Hong Kong. From sources bitterly hostile to the Chinese revolution, Stevenson reports, “ The consen­sus was that i t ’s dangerous to assume that most Chinese are praying for Nationalist, liberation. The masses hunger for security — for land and a chance to work it unmolest­ed — and this government is the firs t in a long while that has been able to enforce its authority in all of China.”

Why then must the bloody dictator Chiang be sup­ported in his counter-revolutionary plot to overthrow the revolutionary government of China? The Mao regime was placed in power bv the overwhelming mass of people against the discredited, hated and brutal regime of ex­ploitation tieaded by Chiang. You will notice that Steven­son does not even ponder this question. For him the ques­tion is only whether Chiang can succeed and what the possibility of failure would mean to American imperialist interests.

The fate of one-fourth of humanity, striving for a new life under the greatest difficulties and despite the inheritance of backwardness imposed on them by all the Stevensons and Chiangs of the past, is of no interest to the representative of Wall Street.

But can the American workers be indifferent to these vast revolutionary changes that are taking place through­out the world ? The American workers would be blind and thoroughly corrupt if they accented the point of view of this haughty representative of the American bankers. The Chinese workers and working farmers are our brothers and our allies. Stevenson and Chiang are just the despicable representatives of the world-wide corporations and the cliques of ruling billionaire families.

Stevenson’s tour should serve to awaken American workers to two things — first, the revolution in Asia is our revolution and it should be defended by the working class and its organizations in this country; second, the Stevensons are the sworn enemies of every progressive ■action of the masses. They are not and cannot be the lead­ers of the American people in the great future which w ill join the American workers with the world-wide march to socialism.

By Harry FrankelT H E END OP R E V O L U T IO N by

F r itz S ternberg, John Day, New Vork. 1953, 191 pp., S3.

The ch ie f idea in F r itz S tern- .berg’s new book, which he sub­tit le s “ F rom Novem ber 1917 to the Most Reactionary State in the W orld ,” is tha t the USSR is a state o f an en tire ly new type ; ne ithe r ca p ita lis t nor socia lis t nor a tra n s itio n a l fo rm between cap ita lism and socialism.

S ternberg is well acquainted w ith the rem arkable ra te of g row th o f Soviet economy; his f irs t chapter provides a useful sketch o f th a t progress. I t would be hard fo r h im to deny th a t Russia is b u ild in g upon the dem onstrated su p e rio rity o f na­tionalized and planned economy over cap ita lis t anarchy. S tem - berg cla im s to be a soc ia lis t; th a t is to se.v. he wants to b r in g about a planned economy, and he wants to b r in g i t about in a dem ocratic and no n -S ta lin is t fo rm . B ut i f Russia represents an a lte rna tive to cap ita lis t economy tha t has already conquered one - th ird o f the globe, and w hich is at. the same tim e not a trans ition to socialism in any way, shape or fo rm , but is instead a perm anent police state, then a ll socialists, would be faced w ith an insoluble dilemma

T H E D E C IS IV E Q U E S TIO NWe would have to ad m it tha t

the prospects fo r socialism are p ra c tica lly neg lig ib le in the fo re ­seeable fu tu re , because the con­trad ic tions o f cap ita lism are being e lim inated in a w ay not forseen by M arx ism .

The decisive question as i t emerges fo r socialists is thus the fo llo w in g : Is Russia a lin k which continues cap ita lism in a “ s la te ” form , : s some cla im , or is i t a fresh lin k s ta rt in g an e n tire ly new chain w h ich is 11011-cap ita lis t and non-socia list, o r is ¡t a lin k in the chain o f tra n s itio n from cap ita lism to socialism ?

The Soviet economic s truc tu re , nationalized and .planned, is non- c a p ita lis t; it represents an escape from 1 he con trad ic tions o f ca p ita l­ism. This fo rm thus has the decisive advantage over cap ita lism in the present w o rld s trugg le . I t is viable where cap ita lism is not.

I f the Soviet na tionalized eco­nomy is viable, i t w ill in the long run produce an economic abun­dance fa r surpassing a n y th in g we have seen under cap ita lism . I f we could assume, fo r example, a prolonged period o f economic

development o f the two w orld blocs, un in te rrup ted by e ither w a r or the in te rven tion o f the masses in the fo rm o f colon ia l and p ro le ­ta rian revo lu tions, there is no question tha t the Soviet bloc would in the end produce a t such a ratbi as to make even Fordland look meager by com parison. T ha t is the trend as anyone can see i t from the figures.

D O W N F A L L OF C A P IT A L IS M A N D OF S T A L IN IS M

O f course such an assum ption is not to be taken seriously. We are not in a period o f prolonged peaceable development, bu t one o f wars and revo lu tions. T h is being so, we m ust understand tha t the coining clashes o f nations and classes w ill, no m a tte r w h a t the ir fo rm s and com plexities, hasten and complete the dow n fa ll o f

cap ita lism and the socia lization o f w orld economy.

W hat m ust he noted about both o f .these basic va rian ts , o r any o f th e ir perm utations and com bina­tions, is tha t ne ithe r o f them leaves any room fo r the continued existence o f S ta lin is t d ic ta to r­ship, te rro r, economic inequalities, etc. T ile in te rven tion o f the p ro le ­ta r ia t and the g ro w th o f economic abundance, two g rea t fac to rs w o rk in g as a team, w i l l destroy continued d ic ta to rsh ip on the S ta lin is t model.

In o ther words, w h ile the economic fo n n s w h ich now exist in the Soviet Union and in E as t­ern Europe are viable and power­fu l, S ta lin ism .is no t; i t is tem ­po ra ry . A nd the economic fo rm o f nationalized means o f produc­tion and state p lann ing , when stripped o f the S ta lin is t po litica l

P ro tests D e p o r ta t io n

Protesting deportation under the harsh M cCarran-W alter act, Mashood Olabis Ajala, Nigerian exchange student in San Pedro, Calif., climbs a water tower (1.) after declaring he would rather leap to death than be sent home before completing studies. A ja la is shown ( r t .) after he started to climb down. Ten feet from ground, he fell and received minor injuries.

Fight for Rosenberg Clemency(Continued from page 1)

d idn 't have it ready. I d idn ’t remember th is but I allowed i t in the s ta tem ent.” He then adds: “ But th is I ’l l te ll you, I can honestly say the in fo rm a tio n I gave Gold m ay be no t a t a ll w hat I said in the statem ent (to the F B I ) . ”

Greenglass w ro te in his June 1950 account: "A lso , 1 de fin ite ly placed m y w ife out o f the room at the tim e o f G old’s v is it . ” But, in d ire c t con trad ic tion , his w ife testified at. the tr ia l th a t she was present a t the m eeting, and even iden tified Gold fro m a photo­graph.

•In his ha nd w ritten statem ent, Greenglass w ro te : “ A lso, I d idn ’t know who sent Gold to me.” T h is con trad ic ts h is tes tim ony a t the t r ia l on a cruc ia l po in t, in which the governm ent tr ies to establish a lin k between confessed spy H a rry Gold and Ju lius Rosen­berg. A t the tr ia l, Greenglass stated th a t a lm ost the f irs t words spoken by Gold when he entered Greenglass’ apartm en t in New M exico were: “ Ju lius sent me.” T h is is apparently another th ing th a t the F B I caused Greenglass to “ rem em ber” between the tim e o f th e ir firs t in te rroga tions and the opening o f the tr ia l.

T H E “ $1,000”In the tr ia l, the governm ent

claimed th a t Ju lius Rosenberg had considerable sums o f money, and gave $4,000 to Greenglass. None o f th is money was ever produced, nor was the possession o f i t ever established. G reenglass’ w i f e testified th a t he turned the 84,000 over to his a tto rn ey on June 16, 1950, as a legal re ta iner.

However, a memorandum of discussions between Greenglass law yer, Rogge, and a group of

Kenya Africa Union Banned by British

The onposition o f t.he Kenya A fr ic a Union to the Mau Mau has not saved i t from repression by the B r it is h colonial despots. O11 June 8 tho K enya Executive Council ordered i t banned as an "un lau -fu l society.”

The Kenya A fr ic a Union is headed by Jomo K enya tta who was recen tly ra ilroaded to prison by the B r it is h au thorities .

Greenglass’ re la tives, lias also been discovered. Th is discussion took place on June 18. tw o days a fte r Rogge was supposed to have received a S4.000 paym ent fo r his services. Despite th is tale, we find from the memorandum th a t “ M rs. Greenglass urged OJR (0 . John Rogge) to t r y to ge t a court appo intm ent {o r h im se lf and he agreed to t r y . ” Th is c lim axed a discussion on “ financia l prob­lems.”

In o ther words, i t is clear th a t tw o days a fte r Rogge was sup­posed to have been paid hand­somely w ith “ spy m oney” fo r his legal services, he was discussing w ith the Greenglass fa m ily ways and means to ra ise the lega l fees, inc lud ing a suggestion th a t he apply fo r cou rt appointm ent, which can be secured only when a litigant can’t afford to pay his attorney!

I>arge numbers o f o ther d is ­crepancies can be seen fro m the two memoranda. B ut one o f the most, in te res tin g fac ts was M rs. Greenglass’ descrip tion o f her husband, who was the cen tra l and unsupported prosecution w itness against Ju lius and E the l Rosen­berg. The la w y e r’s memorandum states on th is po in t:

“T E N D E N C Y TO H Y S T E R IA ”“ As to her husband, she (R uth

Greenglass) stated th a t he had a ‘ tendency to hys te ria .’ A t other tim es he would become de lirious and once when he had the grippe lie ran nude through the ha llw ay, sh riek in g o f ‘e lephants’ and ‘ lead pants.’

“ She had known him since he was ten years old. She_ said th a t he would say th ings were so even i f they were not. He ta lked o f suicide ns i f he were a character in the movies but: she didn ’t th in k he would do i t . ”

T h is is the man, as de.scrihed by his w ife , who, “ saying th ings were so even i f they were no t," is sending E the l and Ju lius Rosenberg to the e.lectric chair. No wonder Harold C. Urey. Nobel Prize-winning nuclear scientist, said “I found the Rosenberg testimony more believable than the Greenglass.”

CO NSO LE T A B L EA no ther new development In

the case is the discovery o f the console table which figured very p ro m ine n tly in the tr ia l. The gov-

em inent, on the basis o f the Greenglass testim ony, had c la im ­ed tha t a console table, “ a g i f t from the Russians,” specia lly equipped fo r m ic ro film in g , had been owned by the Rosenbergs. The Rosenbergs testified tha t they had a console table, bu t tha t i t was a cheap one purchased a t M acy’s, and was no t specia lly equipped in any way. The Rosen­berg fu rn itu re had been scattered long before the t r ia l opened, and the prosecution made no a ttem p t to produce the table.

Since the t r ia l, the defense has managed to locate the table, which has been found, upon M acy’s a f­fidavits , to be a cheap one pur chased at tha t store around the tim e claim ed by the Rosenbergs, fo r about 820. which is rough ly the price the Rosenbergs recalled. A t the tr ia l, governm ent prosecu to r Saypol had rid icu led th is testim ony, c la im in g th a t such a table could on ly be bought fo r m ore than $80.

In appealing to the Supreme C ourt, the Rosenberg atto rneys have r ig h t ly said:

“ I f the m a jo r ity (o f the C ourt) pers is t in th e ir de te rm ina tion to Tiot p e rm it rev iew in open court o f w hether o r not Greejnglass’ testim ony was perju red, th is cou rt w i l l have on ly its e lf to blame i f ‘ ju s tice under the la w ’ becomes a te rm o f deris ion.”

M eanw hile the movement o f in ­te rna tiona l p ro test is g row ing. On June 9 a group o f French p a r lia ­m enta ry Socia list delegates called on U.S Ambassador C. Douglas D illon to urge clemency. On Sun­day June 14 a mass clemency ra lly w ill be he ld in W ashington. I t has been announced tha t there w i l l be mass meetings and prayers in a ll the b ig c ities o f I ta ly on the same date.

m onstros ity — what would tha t be o ther than socialism , o r more exactly a fo rm im m edia te ly tra n ­s itiona l to socialism ?

I t is not necessary to speculate fa r in to the fu tu re . Even today, w ith the g ro w th o f Soviet produc­tion and the sweep o f the w orld revo lu tion , we see signs o f a breakup in the tra d itio n a l mode o f S ta lin is t ru le , and the openinc o f crevices in the S ta lin is t struc lu re th rou gh which the masses w il l penetrate. Some have said tha t w ith S ta lin ’s death the era of S ta lin ism has come to an end, and there is a g rea t deal o f t ru th In th is ; S ta lin ’s death be ing a symbol and ca ta lys t o f a deep- go ing process. The recent trem ors signa lize the tee te ring o f a doomed po litica l s tructure .

I f the Soviet bloc o f na tions is a misshapen tra n s itio n lin k in the chain o f social fo rm s between cap ita lism and socialism , w hat then becomes o f those “ socia lists” who m isunderstand th is re a lity ? V e ry s im ple: They cease to be socialists and are m erely ap­pendages to tbe im p e ria lis t, a n ti- soc ia lis t w a r machine. That is what happens to S ternberg.

BOOK OF S M A L L V A L U EV ery l i t t le in th is book is o f

value o r in te rest. T h is is in sharp con tras t w ith most o f S ternberg ’s o ther w ork , which is crammed w ith im p o rta n t s ta tis tica l data on the collapse o f cap ita lism and how i t is com ing about. In th is hook the on ly valuable section is the f irs t chapter, where S ternberg draws a rough p ropo rtiona l sketch o f the advance o f Soviet economy as a po rtion o f w o rld economy.

The sections dealing w ith the l iv in g standards o f the Soviet w orkers are no th in g bu t a rehash o f H a rry Schw artz o f the N . Y. T im es and o ther such “ experts .” S ternberg cla im s tha t the liv in g standards o f the Soviet people are about the same as under Czarism . By no stretch o f the im ag ina tion can such a c la im he sustained. Even w ith n il S ta lin is t inequities and d is to rtions, such an idea, perhaps true in the T h irtie s , is com ple te ly out o f k il te r in the f i f t ie s .

So fa r as housing is concerned, S ternberg m ay have a po in t. Tho enormous- destruction o f liv in g quarte rs in two W orld W ars and a c iv il w ar, and the fa c t th a t the urban popu lation has grown w ith such abnorm al ra p id ity , and the fu r th e r fa c t th a t the bu ild ­in g in d u s try m ust c o m p e t e d ire c tly fo r m ate ria ls w ith the capital-goods and arm s industries, a ll point to the continuation o f the housing shortage.

S O V IE T L IV IN G S T A N D A R D SBut in o ther fields, those who

say there has been no advance in liv in g standards over Czarism are com ple te ly unable to show how th is can he so. G ranted th a t consumer industries have not in ­creased anywhere nearlv so fast as cap ita l industries', they have increased a g re a t deal; fa r more than the popu lation g ro w th . The repeated im p o rta n t slashes in consumer prices since the w a r te s t ify to tha t.

In order to g ive some substance to his argum ent, S ternberg drags ou t S chw artz ’ old chestnut about the num ber o f meat, and d a iry an im als being about the same to ­day as they were under Czarism , despite the fa c t th a t the popula- iion has grow n so much. Had S ternberg o r b is predecessors taken the troub le to look up U.S. A g r ic u ltu re D epartm ent figures about livestock in the U.S.. they would have found th a t exac tly the same th in g is tru e here. The solution to the rid d le lies in the fa c t th a t the increase in the supply o f processed m eat and d a iry products in the past 40 years has come not from an in ­crease in the size o f the herd in the fie ld, b u t fro m m ore rap id tu rnover, fro m anim als th a t y ie ld more than tw ice as much as in the past, etc. In o ther words, from scientific a g ricu ltu re , to which the Soviet U n ion is not exactly a s tranger.

Those who read S ternberg ’s m ate ria l in the past fo r in fo rm a ­tion , can a ffo rd to pass th is one up.

The American W ay of Life

Three Cheers for the Chimpanzee!I never thought I ’d show up in this column defending

American commercialism, but here I am. I ’ll give you the facts, and then maybe I can get a few readers to see it my way.

As is well known, the British Broadcasting Company •is a government-owned monopoly, and itf as superior to American radio or TV as British government medicine is to U.S. cutthroat surgery. But last week, the wires got crossed, as follows:

The BBC provided kinescope films of the coronation for U.S television networks under a so-called “ gentleman’s agreement” that there be no commercials interrupting the film record of the sacred ceremonies inside Westminster Abbey, and that “ discretion” be used in sandwiching ad­vertising spots into the films of the royal procession and the rest of the hokus-pokus.

Leave it to the “ gentlemen” in the advertising of­fices back home. They stuck their ads in all over the place. One happy advertiser called his product “ the queen of the road,” and another hitched his wagon to the royal gold- draped carriage.

But the outfit that really set them ripping up their striped pants over in Buckingham Palace was the National Broadcasting Company, which rang in a live chimpanzee on the NBC program “ Today” during showing of the coro­nation films. The chimp, apparently, was considered the last word in calculated insult to royalty.

Now here’s where I come to the support of U.S. com­mercial stations against BBC. I didn’t watch the TV coro­nation showings, that particular phase of human progress not having caught up with my home. But I figure that, so long as we got rid of the house of Hanover, Windsor and all the rest of them almost two centuries ago, we are not under any constraint to satisfy anybody’s medieval “ good taste” by keeping a straight face and going along with the solemn mummery.

The blasts against the chimpanzee only leave me puz­zled. So far as I can see, a chimpanzee is in every way as good as any king or queen, and a whole lot more fun. The chimpanzee has about as much say in the political affairs of the world, and probably a little more savvy. His actions, while admittedly uncouth on occasion, are far less offen­sive than those of a royal family that spends $280 million out of the purse of a poverty-stricken nation just to get crowned.

You may differ with my opinion placing chimpanzees on an equal level with royalty, but you are bound to respect it. A fter all, I have behind me the opinion of a French­man (the French got very familiar with royalty) who said: “ Kings are in the moral order what monsters are in the natural.”

While I ’m usually partial to the BBC, with its fine music and drama, in this case I ’m on the other side. I f U.S. commercials upset the blessed dignity of the coronation, then I say: “ Hurrah for commercials! Hurrah for tooth­paste and sewing machines! And three cheers for the chimpanzee!”

— Thomas Raymond

Repression Fails To Half Mau Mau

In Kenya 100 alleged members o f the. Mau Mau were k illed by governm ent forces between M ay 20 and June 5. B u t the Mau Mau movement is s t i l l spreading, ac­cord ing to the June 6 N. Y . T im es and its members d isp lay “ a desperate s p ir it o f hero ism .”

The Tim es adm its th a t the Mau Mau is “ a t base an ag ra rian revo­lu tio n a ry movem ent.”

WHO WILL LEAD FIGHT AGAINST McCARTHYISM?

(Continued from page 1) take on M cC arthy and Mc- C arthy ism , the T a ft - Hartley- crowd, and the whole Big B us i­ness gang.

The M cCarthy« look l i k e “ G olia ths” on ly to frigh tened libe ra ls and cow ard ly labor b u r­eaucrats. They are g ian ts on ly so long as the inv inc ib le power o f the Am erican w o rk ing class re ­mains dorm ant and s tifled . The b u rn ing task in the fig-lit against M cC arthv ism is to b r in g the power o f the A m erican w o rk in g class onto the p o litica l arena in open opposition to both the cap ita lis t parties and th e ir o ffs p r in g o f M c­C a rth y ism.

The bankrup t p o lic y ' of the bureaucracy has brought the labor movement to a po litica l impasse. To continue on tha t road in to 1954 means sure defeat. A n inde­pendent Labor P a rty fo r the 1954

elections is the on ly answer. In fu tu re a rtic les we w il l discuss, the significance o f a Labor P a rty in th'o s tru g g le aga inst M c- C arthy ism and the steps tha t should be taken to launch it .

The WiJpo cabinet was ousted from office in Indonesia when i t tr ied to move out 250,000 Javanese squatters fro n t r ic h lands leased to fo re ign c a p ita l­ists. Seven o f these squatters, who occupied the land fo llo w in g W orld W a r I I , were k ille d when they resisted police u n its t r y in g to disposses them.

Paga ThreeS u b s c r ip t io n s : IS p e r y e a r :

$1.50 fo r 6 m on th» . F o re ig n : |4 .50 p e r y e a r ; $2.25 fo r 8 m onths . C a n a d ia n : $3.50 p e r y e a r : $1.75 fo r 6 m on th» . B u n d le O rd e rs : 5 o r m ore copies 6c each In U .S ., 7c each In fo re ig n co u n tr ie s .

THE MILITANTP u b lish e d W e e k ly in th e In te re s ts o r th e W o rk in g People

THE MILITANT PUBLISHING ASSOCIATION 116 U n iv e r s ity P I., N . Ï . 3 , N . Y . P h o n e : A I , 5-746$

Tvditor: GEORGE B R E IT M A N Business M anager: JO SEPH H A N S E N

81fned artic le» by contrfb-u to rs do n o t n e ce se a rlly re p - re i-en t T h e M il i t a n t '» po llc îe» . These a re expre»sed ln lt»é d ito r ia ls .

"R n te re d as second c la n * m a tte r M a rc h 7, 1944 a t th e P o s t O ff ic e a t N e w Y o rk , N*. Y ., u n d e r t l ie a c t o f M a rc h 3, 1879."*

Vol. X V I I - No. 24 Monday. June 15, 1953

W hy There Is No PeaceOn the very eve of a truce in Korea,

all the carriers of Big- Business propa­ganda in the U.S. began to beat the drums — “ Don’t bring the boys back home. Don’t relax the ‘defense’ effort. Don’t think this means real peace.”

In their own twisted way these spokes­men for Wall Street know that there is no peace under capitalism. The overriding tendency of American Big Business is to make war, all-out war, on the Soviet bloc. The sooner the better, to their way of thinking. The main obstruction to this aim is the turbulent revolutionary movement of the working class and colonial people throughout the world and the unwilling­ness of the American people to be dragged into a hopeless world conflict to put down .this revolution.

Success in this mad drive to conquer the world is unattainable. Even i f they can temporarily foist such a course on the American people tihe destruction of the world-wide revolutionary movement now unfolding cannot be achieved. Neverthe­less, Wall Street feels compelled to head toward war just the same.

Eisenhower’s address to the Junior Chamber'of Commerce in Minneapolis June 10 indicates what it is that drives Big Business towards war: “ Again and again,” he said, speaking of m ilitary and economic “ security,” “ we must remind ourselves that this is a matter not only of political

principle hut of economic necessity. I t in­volves our need for markets for our agri­cultural and industrial products, our need to receive in return from the rest, of the world such essentials as manganese and cobalt, tin and tungsten, without which our economy cannot function.”

Markets, raw materials and profits for American Business, these are the prizes that drive capitalism toward war in 1953 as in 1914 and 1939. With this difference— that today the pressure on American Big Business is far greater than ever be­fore ; it is a matter of life or death for their economic system. There is an addi­tional important difference between now and the firs t and second world wars. To­day it is no longer a figh t to, divide the markets among the big imperialist powers— that fight has been pretty much won by Wall Street — it is the final and un­avoidable conflict between the decaying capitalist system and its successor the socialist system. This is at bottom the is­sue that w ill be decided by World War III.

Whatever the twists and turns in the diplomatic field, whatever the secondary differences among the Wall Street policy makers and their satellites in Europe, the American working class must learn the lesson of history — there is no peace under capitalism. Until this monstrous system is destroyed the horror of war will con­tinue to plague the earth.

Right to Fair Trial EndangeredWhen the American revolutionists won

their freedom from British rule, they wrote into their new Constitution ten amendments known as the Bill of Rights. Among the basic rights they safeguarded was the right to a fa ir trial. Article VI of the Bill of Rights requires that the ac­cused “ be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be- confronted with the witnesses against him; to have com­pulsory process for the obtaining of w it­nesses in his favor. . . ”

This vital section of the Bill of Rights has just been struck a grievous blow by the U.S. Supreme Court. In a little-pub­licized five-to-three decision June 8, the court upheld the use of secret FBI records, kept from' the accused, as the basis for an adverse ruling against two conscien­tious objectors by a Draft Appeals Board. The ruling led to their imprisonment when they refused to submit to induction.

The two victims, Harry Gray Nugent of Brooklyn and Lester Packer of the Bronx, objected to military service on re­ligious grounds. Their claim to exemption was denied by an Appeal Board on the basis of secret reports of the FBI and on secret testimony of unnamed informants. The defendants were denied access to both the secret reports and the secret testimony of their unnamed accusers.

Three Supreme Court justices — Felix Frankfurter, Hugo L. Black and William 0. Douglas — dissented from the decision in language that leaves no doubt they re­gard the ruling as extremely damaging to the rights of accused persons. They de­

clared that, the “ very purpose” of a draft hearing was “ to give registrants an oppor- tunity to meet adverse evidence.” Justice Frankfurter said it was a “ mockery” to suggest that a registrant was accorded the chance to meet adverse evidence ef­fectively i f he was refused even informa­tion on its source. Justice Douglas said the use of statements by informers whom the accused are not allowed to confront had such “ an infamous history that it should be rooted out from our procedure.”

The whole “ loyalty” purge instituted by Truman and intensified by Eisenhower is based on such procedure. This procedure was the basis for the recent conviction of the young scientist William Perl on two counts of perjury in a witch-hunt tria l in which the Department of Justice failed to produce one scrap of evidence to substan­tiate its charge that Perl was linked to an “atomic spy ring.” The prosecuting at­torney “ said this secret data could not be made public but would be supplied to the judge in private before sentence is im­posed. . . ” (N.Y. Herald-Tribune, June 8.)

The highest court in the land has now put its official seal of approval on just such monstrous judicial tyranny. I t has thereby added another plank to the coffin of civil libei’ties in America.

I f the labor movement and all other de­fenders of the Bill of Rights don’t unitedly demand and win a reversal in these cases, the witch hunters will have gone a long way toward placing the American people at the mercy of judges empowered to hand down sentences on the basis of undisclosed evidence alleged by unnamed informers.

"Stratagem That Failed"The June 4 Wall Street Journal featured

a revealing article on the theme that Durkin’s appointment was an Eisenhower “ stratagem that failed” and that Durkin “ will be the firs t Eisenhower cabinet mem­ber to resign.” This same mouthpiece of the financiers and speculators originally lauded Durkin’s appointment as Secretary of Labor. What caused this seemingly sudden change of attitude ?

On Dec. 8, 1952 The M ilitant explained the political motives for the inclusion of Durkin in GOP’s millionaire cabinet. “ Eis­enhower is anxious to take the curse off the Republican Party,” we pointed out editorially. “ The anti-labor reputation of that party is a handicap to the incoming administration.” And we added that Eisen­hower “ doesn’t want an open break with labor now. He wants a continuation of the present relations so that war preparations can go on undisturbed. He wants to jolly labor along as Truman and Roosevelt did.”

The June 4 Wall St. Journal confirms this explanation, saying that “ Mr. Durkin’s appointment was intended to work political magic. . . Mr. Eisenhower was supposed to prove (by it) that he and his party were not ‘anti-labor’. . . By choosing an AFL man over a CIO bigwig, the Ikemen hoped to begin breaking up the old pro-Demo- cratic, anti-GOP coalition.” Besides this it was intended to help put a “ modified" Taft-Hartley across.

But i t hasn’t worked out that way. Both AFL and CIO remain anti-GOP. Even Durkin has accepted only a single proposed

revision of Taft-Hartley, namely, the one “ which would ease the way for union shop agreements in the construction industry.” Up to now he has not dared accept the others. “ Unfortunately for the GOP and the building trades, which want this modification, however, Mr. Durkin dares not plead their case, lest he be cross- examined on other Taft-Hartley ques­tions.” “ An impasse in legislation” has thus been created.

Between the interests of the monopolists and those of labor there is an abyss, so profound that all the Durkins in the AFL and CIO cannot afford to ignore it.

The Labor Department itself remains unorganized. Durkin is by law entitled to 3 assistant secretaries. “ But up to now, none of these positions has been filled,” said the Wall St. Journal, “ either because the Secretary’s recommendations have been rejected at the White House or turned down in the Senate before they ever of­ficially got there.”

The anti-labor Cabinet members in­solently refuse to discuss in Durkin’s presence. He has reportedly complained that “ when he walks into a room where other officials are gathered ‘they all stop talking.’ ”

Durkin supplied a footnote to this obscene farce on June 9 when he “ denied rumors that he was planning to resign be­cause of disagreement with other cabinet members over labor policy” and predicted a revision of Taft-Hartley “ in a few weeks,” notwithstanding all reports to the contrary.

The Facts They Hide About Korean War&

A n o th e r V ic t im o f K o re a n W a r

Turkish medics in the Korean front lines carry one of their country men down side of Vegas outpost on way to an aid station after renewed heavy fighting, as U.S. negotiators con­tinued to delay truce after Chinese-North Koreans offered big concessions. U.S. battle casualties alone rase by nearly 70,000 in the two years of the truce negotiations.

U.S. Intervened to Defend Dictator Rhee in Civil War

" Liberation” Brings Death To Millions

By A rt PreisU.S. bombs and napalm have

burned and blasted Korea to cinders and le ft m illions o f c iv i­lians — men, women and ch ild ren — corpses o r mangled cripples.

T h is “ ‘g re a t a tro c ity ,” which The M ilita n t was the f ir s t to b r in g to w o rld a tten tion , has been a ffirm ed by eye-w itness cor­respondents o f the leading ca p ita l­is t newspapers and press associa­tions. In the course o f the three- year Korean w a r, we have pub­lished scores of such testim onia ls.

‘ •L IB E R A T IO N ”“ H ow much more ‘ lib e ra tio n ’

can the people o f Korea s tand?” asked Charles Moore, U n ited Press correspondent, on Jan. 8, 1951, when the w a r had been in progress less than six months. “ The Korean equiva lent o f John Q. P ub lic is ta k in g a te rr if ic beating because o f the war. I l is home has been destroyed. H is job has disappeared because fac ­tories were destroyed. He and his fa m ily have become ragged, cold, hung ry wanderers. I t is a hard fa c t bu t tru e fa c t th a t m ost o f the destruction was done by the Am ericans. . . The Communists can assert th a t they have not wreck-fed Korea. R e trea ting o r ad­vancing, U N forces have found i t necessary to bomb and shell and burn many o f Korea ’s towns and p ra c tic a lly a ll her in d u s try .”

W r it in g in the same vein, George B a rre tt o f the N . Y. l im e s said in a M arch 1, 1951 dispatch fro m the Korean centra l f ro n t : “ Large-scale destruction in Korea, most o f i t re su ltin g from the tremendous fire -pow er o f the planes and guns used aga inst the C om m unist troops, is robbing the U n ited N ations o f some o f the good-w ill it had won w ith the Koreans.”

D E L IB E R A T E PO LICYThe massive destruction o f

every c ity , town and v illag e in the area occupied by the N o rth Korean and Chinese arm ies — which in the firs t stage o f the w a r... included m ost o f South

Korea — was the re su lt o f a de liberate po licy o f U.S. “ s tra ­teg ic bom bing.”

An “ ae ria l scorched ea rth ,” as C h ris tian Science M o n ito r co r­respondent Gordon W a lke r called it , was le t loose upon Korea, ‘/and i t has le f t the Korean countryside a mass o f rubble and ru in s .”

H om er B ig a rt, P u litz e r p rize ­w inn ing re p o rte r o f the N . Y. H era ld -T ribune, asserted in Look Magazine, Jan. 20, 1951, th a t “ in b lind desperation, we tr ie d to burn w ith Napa lm every tow n and v illag e . . . a long the m ock ing ly em pty roads com ing down from M anchuria .”

The people were d riven fo rth on the roadsides in the m iddle o f w in te r. V as t areas were c lear­ed, th e ir helpless inhab itan ts shipped o f f in box-cars by o ffic ia l U.S. m il ita ry command. Then every bu ild ing , down to the poorest thatched hu t, was burned w ith gasoline or phosphorus grenades. To make th is “ scorched e a rth ” incendiarism more e f­fic ient, U.S. a irc ra ft, in c lud ing helicopters, were used to burn

down peasant huts w ith fire bombs. (N . Y . T imes, Nov. 15, 1951.)

MOST T E R R IB L E OF A L LU.S. “ lib e ra tio n ” has meant

death to more than tw o m illio n Korean c iv ilia n s — hundreds o f thousands o f them from tha t most te rr ib le o f a ll weapons, napalm — fla m in g je llied gasoline th a t l i te ra lly fr ie s its v ic tim s to death.

A recent survey made in Korea by Dr. Howard A. Rusk, o f the New Y o rk U n iv e rs ity - Bellevue Medical Center and an associate ed ito r o f the N . Y . T im es, te lls o f ten m illio n homeless in K orea; a hundred thousand w a r orphans in need 'o f homes and m edical care; 300,000 needy w a r w idows.

T h is is w hat has made the word “ libe ra tion ” as mouthed by Am erican leaders a word o f ho rro r to the world.

United States ba ttle casualties rose d u rin g the week by 224 b rin g in g to ta l casualties as o f June 10 to 135,586.

By Joseph KellerAm erican G Is in Korea have

pe rs is ten tly asked: “ W hy are we here? W hat are we fig h tin g fo r ? ” The M ilita n t has to ld the fu ll iru th from the f irs t days o f (he Korean w ar. We w ro te tha t Am erican hoys were being sent to figh t and die in an im p e ria lis t in te rven tion in a c iv il w a r be­tween the rich and the poor in Korea. On J u ly 24, 1950, our paper sta ted :

“ A m erican im p e ria lis t p ropa­ganda is a tte m p tin g to hide from the Am erican people the fa c t th a t a genuine c iv il w a r is go ing on between N o rth Korean and South Korean regim es and th a t the N o rth Korean forces have the overw helm ing support, o f the Korean people aga inst the South Korean governm ent o f Syngm an Rhee . . . the Syngm an Rhee gov­ernm ent is, a lm ost un ive rsa lly detested by the Koreans and could no t have survived a week w ith o u t U.S. m il ita ry support. . .”

The existence o f the c iv i l w a r has been m anifested in p a r t by the fierce g u e rr illa ba ttles be­hind the lines in South Korea. The g u e rr il la detachments have been so pow erfu l, so w e ll- entrenched among the populace th a t three years o f "e x te rm in a ­t io n ” campaigns by scores o f thousands o f Syngm an Rhee’s special troops and police have not been able to destroy them. Thus, we are in fo rm ed by a June 6 Associated Press dispatch th a t “ South Korea activa ted a combat police u n it today in an e f fo r t to smash operations o f more than 1,000 Com m unist g u e rrilla s in the M ount C h ir i area.” The police u n it was described as “ s lig h tly sm alle r than a U n ited States A rm y d iv is ion .”

A dd itio n o f a n ti-g u e rr il la forces equiva lent to another A rm y d iv i­sion gives a bare h in t o f the scope and in te n s ity o f the a n ti- Rhee forces conducting m il ita ry operations inside South Korea hundreds o f m iles south o f the b a ttle -line . W hether o r no t these g u e rr illa s w ill be included in a cease-fire is no t ye t made clear. B u t a Doc. 2, 1951, U n ited Press dispatch, at the tim e o f a previous g u e rr il la “ ex te rm ina tion ” drive*

reported tha t “ m any g u e rrilla s were m ere ly a n ti - Governm ent Partisans who had l i t t le o r no connection w ith the Reds.” These same g u e rrilla s , said the dispatch, have been w ag ing c iv il w a r “ since long before the Red invasion o f South Korea.”

RA G ED FOR Y E A R SA bloody class s tru g g le and

c iv il w a r raged in Korea fo r years before the outbreak o f fu l l- scale m il ita ry operations on Ju ly 25, 1950. The present w a r is the extension o f an in te rna l s tru g g le between the Koreans tha t goes back to 1915.

The M il ita n t published a num ­ber o f accounts o f th is s trugg le , inc lud ing a m emorable one by B i l l M organ in the M arch 15, 1947, issue. l ie w ro te then:

“ Evidence o f a p o w e rfu l class s trugg le is everywhere. The Am erican brass hats and the Korean police have no t been able to preven t s trikes. Trade union leaders are arrested and to rtu re d but the s trugg le goes on day and n ig h t. M any w orkers are armed and fig h t to m a in ta in the independence o f th e ir towns and villages. Free elections are banned because the vote fo r rad ica l candi­dates would w ipe ou t the present puppet governm ent set up by L t . Gen. Hodges.”

The m ost detailed account o f the c iv il w a r and class s tru g g le in Korea th a t has appeared in any A m erican pub lica tion — and p robab ly in the en tire w o rld — is the series o f a rtic les by A r t P reis published in th is paper la s t year (J u ly 21 and 28, 1952, and A ugust 11 and 18, 1952).

These a rtic les supp ly irre fu ta b le facts, a ll fro m ca p ita lis t sources themselves, to show th a t the N o rth Korean reg im e represented the w orkers and poor peasants o f Korea w h ile Syngm an Rhee, who had the backing o f W ashing ton, (maintained a d ic ta to rsh ip o f the cap ita lis ts and b ig landlords. T h a t lias been the essence o f the s tru g ­gle in Korea.

The U.S. ro le in Korea was summed up by CBS correspondent Robert P. M a rtin when he w ro te : “ L ike it or not we are a fo re ign a rm y fig h tin g in a c iv il w ar.”

" HOW SOON CAN I GO HOME?” ASKS EVERY Gl IN KOREA AT POW ACCORD World Events

By Charles Hanley

(Continued from page 1)Korea o f any A m erican o r o ther A llie d troops.” (A P , June 8.)

Sen. Robei't A . T a f t ’s d i f ­ferences op fo re ign po licy w ith E isenhower do not extend to th is issue. He likew ise procla im ed th a t “ we can’t g re a tly decrease the num ber o f soldiers in K orea.” W h ile A d la i Stevenson, the Dem ocratic P a r ty ’s d e f e a t e d pres identia l candidate, took tim e o f f fro m sight-seeing in fa r -o f f Israe l to express the v iew th a t “ now the greatest danger was the ‘s low ing down o f the defense e f fo r t . ’ ” (N . Y. Times, June 9.)

A concerted propaganda drive a long these lines has been launched in the da ily papers and news magazines. T h e ir typ ica l line is indicated by the June 5 U.S. News and W orld Report a rtic le , “ R eturn o f A ll Troops Soon?,” w h ich says:

“ . . . A prolonged truce is sure to b ring a fee lin g o f le tdown. . . The men w ill w an t to go home and th e ir fam ilies w i l l w a n t them home. Troop m orale is bound to drop . . . everyone out here (K o rea ) rea lizes th a t keeping forces geared up and ready to go w i l l not be sim ple w ith the f ig h t­in g a c tu a lly at a stop. I t w i l l be even more d if f ic u lt i f peace nego tia tions d rag on fro m weeks in to m onths and a demand arises in the U.S. to ‘b r in g the boys home’ as it did a fte r W orld W a r I I . ”

D IC TA TO R R H E EN o t the least vocal opponent of

any move by the A m erican peo­ple to b rin g .the boys home is the d ic ta to r-p res iden t o f South Korea, Syngman Rhee. I t was to defend h is reg im e from ove rth row by the Korean masses in a c iv il w a r th a t the A m erican people were dragged in to a con flic t 6,000 m iles away and forced to sacrifice nearly 137,000 o f th e ir youth.

Rhee has been ra v in g about con tinu ing .the w a r “ alone” and threa ten ing- to “ d rive to the Y a lu .” No one takes seriously, o f course, the a b ility o f th is tool o f fo re ign in terests and Korean cap ita lis ts and land lords to pu t up an e ffec tive m il ita ry s trugg le aga inst the forces o f the Asian revo lu tion th a t have fo u g h t the U.S. m il ita ry machine to a stand­s till. B ut Rhee m ay no t be count­ing on f ig h tin g the w a r alone.

The June 8 W all Street Jornal

asks whether a Korean truce w ill last and reports tha t “ U.S. d ip lo ­mats . . . were fe a rfu l th a t i t w ill no t.” One o f the reasons they are fe a rfu l is th a t “ our a lly ,” the Rhee regim e, m igh t in it ia te a provocation to b low up a truce on the “ gamble th a t we would alm ost ce rta in ly be forced in to the w a r i f they d id t r y fo r un ifica ­tion by arm s and then had the i l l luck to be pushed back below the 38th pa ra lle l.”

Such a “ gamble” paid o f f in June 1950, when the fu ll-sca le w a r in Korea was touched o f f by Rhee’s border provocations fo l­low ing h is repeated public th rea ts to invade N o rth Korea and ju s t a fte r he had lost con tro l o f the Korean N a tiona l Assembly.

R E A D Y TO F IG H TThere is no question th a t Rhee

is ready to f ig h t on. B u t h is con­cern w ith keeping the A m erican troops in Korea is to pro tect h im se lf and h is police reg im e aga inst the Korean people, who would have kicked h im ou t long ago, as the Chinese booted ou t Chiang Kai-shek, had no t the U.S. backed h im up w ith d irec t m il i­ta ry in te rven tion . I t is lik e ly th a t Rhee is ta k in g advantage o f the occasion to p u t the squeeze on fo r as much as be can ge t ou t o f his “ b ig b ro th e r” before the fina l truce te rm s are signed. A t any fu tu re tim e, he would s t i l l be in position to provoke a renewal o f the w a r, b u t w ith the approval o f his W ashington senior pa rtner.

The m a in th in g to keep in m ind about any truce in Korea is: There is no peace. A U.S. force o f a h a lf m illio n men — great as the a rm y th a t invaded I ta ly in W orld W ar I I — is entrenched on Korean soil above the 38th pa ra lle l T h is force is be ing kep t there as a con tinu ing th re a t to destroy the new Chinese govern­m ent and to deny the asp ira tions o f the Chinese and Korean peo­ples to be r id o f fo re ign im p e ria l­ist, dom ination. I t is a sp ring - hoard on the m ainland o f A sia fo r the g re a te r global w a r o f atom ic ann ih ila tion th a t U.S. cap ita lism and the w a r pro fiteers are p repa r­ing.

Vast as the m il ita ry operations and costs have been in Korea, they are but one phase o f a fa r more g igan tic p lanetary s trugg le tha t W a ll S tree t plans to unleash fo r w orld dom ination. A truce

in Korea would be but a tem porary la c tica l expedient, designed to aid the broader s tra teg ic w ar aims.

M IL IT A R Y E X P A N S IO NHow fa r prepa ra tions to reach

these aim s already extend is in ­dicated in the reve la tions o f the June 12 U.S. News & W orld Report o f t ile “ vast, gradual ex ­pansion o f U.S. overseas com­m itm ents, l i t t le realized a t home. . .” The a rtic le rem inds us th a t Gen. J. Law ton C ollins, A rm y C h ief o f s ta f f rep o rts A m erican soldiers today are serving, “ in sizable numbers,” in 49 o f the 97 countries o f the w o rld ' — more than h a ll.

Am erican bombers are “ using a huge ne tw ork o f 89 m a jo r a ir bases, b u ilt o r b u ild in g , in Europe, Asia , N o rth A fr ic a and the A rc tic .”

In language typ ica l o f con­querors, the U.S. News boasts: “ The Pacific is dom inated by the Am erican N avy. So are Europe’s life lines across the A tla n t ic .” The ve ry M editerranean is spoken o f as “ som ething o f an Am erican lake, policed by a b ig U.S. f le e t.”

And th is is n 't a ll. “ More than 1.6 m illio n Am ericans in u n ifo rm are serving overseas, on s ix con­tinen ts and dozens o f island bases. . . A bou t as m any G I’s are stationed in Europe alone as are f ig h tin g a m a jo r w a r in Korea. . . A th ird o f a ll A ir Force s treng th is thus com m itteed over­seas, on ly a s ix th o f i t involved in the Korean war. . . The U.S. N avy, w ith 890,000 men, has more than h a lf o f them serv ing abroad.”

Before th is fa r - f lu n g panoply o f U.S. armed m ig h t around the Soviet U n ion and the countries a llied to it , the loud com pla ints about “ Com m unist aggression” sound hollow . I t is A m erican cap ita lism , w ith its b it te r h o s tility to the socia list asp ira tions o f the European w orkers and its de ter­m ination to crush colonial revo­lu tions fo r na tional independence, which holds the th rea t o f w a r over the world .

The B ig Business overlords understand tha t an e ffec tive cam­pa ign by the Am erican popple, in support o f the G Is in Korea, to “ b r in g the boys back home” and to recognize the new governm ent o f Chins w ill pose serious ob­stacles to the speedy fu lf il lm e n t o f the p lo t to p lunge us in to W orld W ar I I I .

C ZE C H O S LO V A K W O R KERShave reacted s tro n g ly aga inst the recent d rastic currency reva lua ­tion . T h is was adm itted June 7 over Radio Prague by V ice- P rem ier N egedly who said the decree had “ m et w ith open resistance fro m among the ranks o f the w orkers d u rin g the f irs t few days.” A U n ited Press dis­patch from V ienna reported th a t in P ilsen, Czech police opened fire June 1 on a mass pro test demon­s tra tion aga inst the currency measures. S ix were k ille d and an undisclosed n u m b e r wounded. Panic buy ing in a S lovakian town reached such p ropo rtions th a t a baby was tram p led to death in the rush. M any shops closed th ro u g h ­ou t the country. S trikes seem to have taken place in the coal mines near the Polish border. Pleas fo r na tional u n ity were made in the governm ent - con tro lled S ta lin is t press. Rude Pravo scored what, i t term ed “ an ti-s ta te ac tiv itie s .” A c ­cord ing to the Y ugoslav press, the bloodshed occurred in Pilsen w h e n s tr ike rs dem onstrated against the governm ent. The Yugoslav re p o rt claim ed th a t the c ity was sealed o f f by police and troops fo r three days.

* * *

T H E M O N E T A R Y D E C R EEissued by the Czechoslovak gov­ernm ent M ay 30 replaced the crow n by a new m onetary u n it tied to the Russian rub le . A ll ho ld ings o f crow ns had to be handed in to the banks in exchange fo r new crowns a t the ra te , in m ost cases, o f 50 o f the old to one o f the new. A t the same tim e wages were cut to on e -fifth of w ha t they were in the old crowns. C a p ita lis t hoarders and rich peasants were hardest h it by the move which v ir tu a lly wiped out savings, b u t obviously w orkers also fe lt the s tin g o f the m onetary w h ip. The m onetary decree un ­doubtedly denotes a cris is in Czech economy,' w hich the Prague governm ent does no t deny bu t ascribes to “ w reckers and spies” like the la te R udo lf S lansky who was executed a fte r m aking the usual “ confession.” The economic cris is signalizes a t the same tim e a p o lit ic a l cris is fo r the regim e.

* * *

T H E S H A K E -U P in the Soviet zone o f E ast G erm any continued last week w ith fu r th e r s h ifts in

personnel. General Chuikov, Soviet

m il ita ry commander, was re lieved o f his duties ami ordered home fo r a new assignm ent. In the Soviet zone o f A u s tr ia , a c iv ilia n H igh Com m issioner replaced the m ilita ry a d m in is tra tion , in ac­cordance w ith the pa tte rn estab­lished in East Germ any. Oh June 8 the Russians also lifte d con tro l measures on the border between the W estern and E astern occupa­tion zones o f A u s tria .

* * *

T H E FOOD s itu a tio n in China is c r it ic a l, according to a June 4 A P cable from H ong Kong. The wheat crop was ne a rly w iped out, the rep o rt said, and rice crops in the south and west were heav ily damaged by floods.

* * *

A G ROUP o f F rench business­men led by B ernard de Plas con­cluded a deal w ith the Mao go v ­ernm ent o f China fo r the ex­change o f goods. The group le f t P aris fo r China M ay 19 on in v ita ­tion from the pres ident o f the Centra l Bank o f China and the Chinese C om m ittee fo r Develop­ment o f In te rn a tio n a l C om nw cc. The agreem ent was reached June 6.

* * *

T H E JA P A N E S E governm ent, now troub led by the p o ss ib ility o f a b ig drop in d o lla r earning-s w ith the s ign ing o f a truce in Korea and a consequent decline in supp ly orders from the armed forces o f the U.S., has opened negotia tions w ith the E isenhower a d m in is tra tion fo r re laxa tion o f re s tr ic tio n s on Japanese trade w ith C om m unist China. The Japanese M in is te r o f Trade also announced June 6 th a t Japan w il l buy 450,000 tons o f Russian coal In re tu rn fo r re p a ir services to Soviet ships in Japanese ports.

* * *

T H E Y U G O S LA V governm ent continues to pander to London and W ashington by w h ite -w ash­ing th e ir im p e ria lis t aims. On June 3 the Yugoslavs announced readiness to cooperate w ith members o f the- N A T O organ iza­tion “ w ith the purpose o f b u ild ­in g up the co llective secu rity o f the peace - lov ing w o rld .” The sta tem ent tr ied to save face by stress ing th a t Y ugoslav ia “ has no in te n tio n ” o f jo in in g the A tla n tic Pact.

The Negro Struggle---------------------------------------------

Case of Joe WilliamsBy Florence Hayes

The story behind the tria l of Joe W il­liams of Compton, Calif., before the Douglas Long Beach Local of the CIO United Automobile Workers Union for “ conduct unbecoming a union member” contains a valuable lesson.

A few weeks ago an explosive situation was building up in Compton, a suburb of Los Angeles, over Negroes moving out of tlm ir narrow Central Avenue ghetto to homes in heretofore white areas. A series of incidents, ominously similiar to the preliminary stages of the Cicero, 111., riots occurred. Small property owners picketed the home of a Negro family which had dared to cross the artificially determined “ boundary" beyond which Negroes “ must not pass.”

During the afternoon of the fourth day of harassment, housewives, carrying pla­cards bearing insulting and threatening signs, marched tack and forth while a small knot of men shouted encouragement from the curb.

One of the men wore a United Auto­mobile Workers CIO badge pinned to his shirt. He was Joe Williams, an auto worker, also president of the Compton Crest Im­provement Association. This is one of the small property-owners groups that is spearheading the drive to keep Negroes out of Compton’s “ white” neighborhoods.

Behind these organizations, egging them on and using them as tools, are the real- estate interests and the big-money boys, and behind them is Compton’s city gov­ernment.

During the four days, the Jackson family kept a constant vigil inside the house never

more than a few feet from their loaded shotgun. All night they watched over their children with the dread of mob action or terrorist bombing ever present. Outside their home, the mounting barrage of filthy insults, threats, “ pickets” and — Joe Wil­liams with his union badge. The Compton police refused to disperse the pickets. As night fell, the ranks of housewives were swelled with men. Still the police refused to act.

Late at night, Los Angeles County Sheriff’s officers finally stepped into the picture and sent the crowd away. Since then there have been no new flagrant acts of intimidation, but the situation remains tense and fresh flare-ups are feared.

The United Automobile Workers, stung by the blow' struck at its anti-discrimina­tion policy through the action of Joe Wil­liams, brought him up on charges in his local. This is an important act and certainly better than passing another letter-perfect resolution “ deploring the regrettable in­cident” of race hatred. However, what calls for explanation is not only the presence of Joe Williams and his union badge on the racist-mob side of this fight, but the absence of a few hundred union pickets on the side of the Jackson family.

Many workers live in Compton, the heart of, the industrial area of Los Angeles. Action on their part can stop the Negro- hating hotheads. I t is the responsibility of the union movement to organize such ac­tion, to be prompt and vigilant, and to carry into deeds the many fine words that have been heard in speeches, resolutions and union convention orations.

Lyrics by Sylvia Porter-------------------------------- By Joyce Cowley --------------------------------

When I woke up on Monday morning, June the first, it was wet and cold. I had to go back to work after a three-day holi­day; the rent was due and the mail box crammed with the usual assortment of first-of-the-month bills. I felt kind of low — that is, until I read Sylvia Porter’s col­umn in the Post and learned that I was living “ an economic ideal,” “ experiencing the rarity of virtual perfection.”

Curious as to just why this authority found everything so perfect, I carefully checked her points.

“ You can get a job for the asking. You can get top pay for your work.”

Right below Miss Porter’s column, Mur­ray Kempton discussed a strike at the Ketay Manufacturing Co. on lower Broad­way, where members of Local 3 of the AFL Electrical Workers Union are trying to get a raise of 15 cents an hour. The present starting wage is 85 cents an hour or $34 a week. Top wages! Maybe Sylvia Porter just writes for the Post. She should read it, too.

“ You can sell the goods you make in gratifying volume with gratifying ease and make gratifying profits. Retail stores are zipping along at a yearly rate of $172 billion. Corporate profits before and after taxes are ballooning.”

I ’m not a department store or a corpora­tion, which may explain why I can’t ap­preciate perfection when I see it.

“ You can buy a vast variety of the things you need and want.”

Who, me?“ There are no shortages anywhere.”

She ought to see my pocektbook, after the rent is paid.

“ You can buy or build a house whereand as you wish.” I was beginning to get interested in this one but of course she had to add — as an afterthought — “ if you have the cash.” I knew there must be some catch.

“ The desperate housing shortage of the firs t postwar years has been wiped out by years of sensational building.”

And they sell the Post in New York,where 30,000 families are living in cellars, where 10 people eat and sleep in a single room, and a building intended for 100 peo­ple accommodates 250. Housing experts estimate that builders would have to put up 130,000 new units a year to provide ade­quate housing by 1963. They are .actually building about 35,000 units.

“ Prices are s tiff but they are levelling out.” Maybe — but I think I ’m getting levelled out, too.

“ You can look forward with confidence to a tax cut.” That tax cut, like prosperity in the thirties, is always around the next corner.

She winds up rhapsodically, “ Today, as June begins, just make a note on your calendar. ‘In this perfect month of June, in this vear of 1953, I lived an economic ideal.’ ”

Miss Porter skips one aspect of the ques­tion, I suppose because it would introduce a somber note in her idyll. Why have we got 61,000,000 jobs and fantastic corporate profits? Ask anyone of average intelli­gence and you’ll get the right answer. I ’m sure Sylvia Porter knows it, too. She knows how many men and women are employed making guns, ammunition, planes, war­ships and atom bombs. She knows just what would happen to this economy i f m ili­tary spending were suddenly cut off.

I didn’t write that note abotit living an economic ideal. I couldn’t keep my mind on department store sales and corporation income. I kept thinking, of the tens of thou­sands of American youngsters killed in Korea. I thought of the devastation of the Korean land and the anguish of its people. This is the price paid for ballooning profits. In a system based on profit, this is the only way to keep going and maintain full employment.

Remember the cartoon about the mother who coos, “ I t ’s broccoli, darling.” And the kid answers — “ I say i t ’s spinach and I say the hell with i t ! ” That’s how I feel about Sylvia Porter and her ideal economy.

Notes from the NewsT H E T E X A S L E G IS L A T U R E has enacted a

law re q u irin g eve ry textbook au thor to sign an oath th a t he is no t and never has been a member o f the C om m unist P a rty and is no t and has no t been fo r the preceding five years a m ember o f any organ iza tion on the LT.S. A tto rn e y G eneral’s “ subversive” lis t, a l is t a rb it ra r ily compiled w ith o u t g iv in g the organ izations thus smeareda chance fo r advance hearing.

* * *LO U IS F R A IN A , b e tte r known under his pen

name as Lew is Corey, faces deporta tion fo r hav ing been a member o f the C om m unist P a rty 30 years ago. F ra ina was born in Ita ly . He played a p rom inen t ro le in the found ing o f the C om m unist P a rty a fte r the f irs t w o rld war. S h o rtly th e re a fte r he separated from the p a rty b u t w ro te >a num ber o f valuable books along M a rx is t lines d u r in g the th ir t ie s , m a in ly on Am erican economy. D u rin g the la s t 15 years F ra in a has been m ov ing s tead ily to the r ig h t. He became an ou tstand ing supporte r o f the State D epartm ent line and the labor bureaucracy. Last Janua ry he was arrested by the im m ig ra tio n au tho rities . A t tha t tim e he was educational d irec to r o f the A m algam ated M ea t C u tte rs and B utcher W orkm en. A f te r his a rres t he wasdismissed by the union.

* * *

W IL L IA M P E R L, fo rm e r physics in s tru c to r who was convicted fo r p e r ju ry (see ed ito ria l in June 8 issue o f The M il ita n t) was sentenced th is week to five years im prisonm ent. Judge S y l­veste r Ryan rud e ly brushed aside the ju r y ’s clemency recom m endation. The tr ia l, based on “ g u ilt by association” evidence o f the flim s ie s t k ind , was notable fo r the brazen precedent set in a b rog a ting t r ia l by ju ry . The prosecution in ­

troduced “ evidence” fro m the confidentia l files of the F B I which i t refused to place before the ju ry . Th is evidence, g iven in secret to the judge, and decisive in conv ic ting Pe.rl, was supposed to have proved P e r l’s connection w ith a “ spy r in g ” — a charge he was not on t r ia l fo r. The prosecu­tion demanded the m ost severe sentence and the Judge obliged by hand ing down the m axim um o f five years in prison. The judge and the C ourt o f Appeals refused to g ra n t ba il pending an appeal q f the case to a h ighe r court. The appeals co u rt ruled th a t defense counsel had no t made a “ suffic ient show ing o f substantia l e rro r” in the t r ia l to w a rran t P e rl’s release on bail.

* * »

T A X D E D U C T IO N S fo r child-care expenditures made by w o rk ing m others is provided fo r in a I aw passed by the Oregon State Leg is la tu re . The o rig in a l B il l presented by Rep. Maureene Neuberger, contained fa r more substantia l p ro­visions to meet, the pressing needs fo r w o rk in g m others than the» fina l version w h ich su ffe red fro m sweeping amendments. Nevertheless M rs. N euberger fe lt a step fo rw a rd had been taken since i t was “ im p o rta n t to ge t the p rinc ip le o f child-care deduction w r itte n in to law .” One o f the lim ita tio n s o f the nresent la w is th a t i t a llows deductions on ly from incomes o f less than S3,000 e ith e r by a widowed o r divorced m othe r or by a husband and w ife jo in t ly .

* * *S E L F -A N S W E R IN G PHO NES are now a v a il­

able on the m arket. The robot a ttachm ent answers the phone, reels o f f a prepared statem ent, inv ites the ca lle r to leave a message and records the message. One “ robo t” replaces 35 w orkers. Note to Ed.: How , please?

rax MILITANTV O LU M E X V II M O N D A Y , J U N E 16, 1953 NUMBER M

5,000 Longshoremen Picket Gov. DeweyHearns Strike Hit by Phony AFL Claims

N E W YO RK— A ra id in g -s tr ik e ­breaking move by the A F L R eta il C lerks aga inst the Hearns s tr ike rs who belong to the CIO D is tr ib u ­tive, Processing and O ffice W o rk ­ers (D is tr ic t 65) appeared to be under way last week in d irect v io la tion o f the recent C IO -A F L agreement p ro h ib it in g ra id ing .

A ll 800 workers a t Hearns De­pa rtm en t store have been on s tr ike fo r a lm ost a m onth. They face an adam ant company re fusa l to negotiate a new con tract to replace the old one w hich expired las t February. In the face o f th is , the A F L union has entered the s itua tion w ith an e f fo r t to w in representation r ig h ts fro m the CIO.

In v iew o f the fa c t tha t the s trike has continued solid fo r close to a m onth, the c la im by the A F L union th a t a “ m a jo r ity ” o f Hearns employees had signed membership cards w ith the r iv a l union appears to be absolutely phoney.

W ha t the move boils down to there fore is no th ing b u t an excuse offered by the A F L ra id to p e rm it the courts to ban present p icke t lines pending an N L R B election. W hile no exact in fo rm a ­tion is ava ilable a t present, such moves have been undertaken in the past by ra id in g unions in in ­d irec t o r even d irec t collusion w ith a s tru ck company.

In such a ra id , the outside union o ffe rs assistance in b reak­ing a bonafide s tr ik e by m aking i t look like a ju r is d ic tio n a l dispute. In re tu rn , the ra id in g union hopes to w in ba rga in ing r ig h ts away from the s tr ik in g union. Needless to say, such a practice is about as low as a union can go, and w il l undoubtedly anger the Hearns s tr ike rs enorm ously i f i t proves to be the m eaning o f the A F L move in th is case.

M eanwhile the Hearns s tr ike continues solid, w ith the com­pany stepp ing up its barrage o f “ com m unist” charges against the union. D is tr ic t 65 was among those unions expelled fro m the C IO in 1949 fo r “ com m unist dom ina tion” bu t has recently been readm itted to the CIO a fte r a change o f po licy and the ousting o f some officers.

E v ic te d f ro m M e t L i f e P ro je c t

M r. and Mrs. Michael Decatur and their two children (above) were forcibly evicted from their apartment in Parkchester, New York housing project owned by the multi-billion Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. The Decaturs were first and only Negro fam ily to live in the 12,500-family project, built 13 years ago. Tenants who barricaded themselves in the apartment w ith the DccatUrs were carried ont by the police.

Indonesian Workers Hold 39 Seats In Parliament

W orking-c lass pa rties hold 39 seats out o f 200 in the Indonesian pa rliam en t. Socia lists and P K I (S ta lin is ts ) have 15 seats each, much o f the S ta lin is ts ’ s treng th com ing from em igre “ N anyang” Chinese residents in Indonesia. P a rta i Buruh (W orke rs P a rty ) has 5 MPs, w h ile Tan M alaka ’s T ro ts k y is t P a rta i M urba (Masses P a rty ) occupies 4 seats. New elections arc due w ith in a year.

CANADIAN STEEL UNION BACKS JAMAICA FICHT

Peter FarnsworthCanadian steelworkers are stretching out a firm hand

of solidarity to bauxite workers in the West Indian Island of Jamaica. The Canadian district of the United Steel­w orkers o f A m erica (O C L-G IO ) 3> contribu ted $3,000 to the Jam aica bauxite w orkers organized in the N a tiona l W orkers Union du ring th e ir recent s tr ik e to up th e ir pay from 19 cents an hour to the equiva lent o f 66 cents an hyur.S im ila r w ork in Canada and the U jS. pays SI .46 an hour.

Now the Canadian d is tr ic t has appointed to its s ta f f Ken S t ir l ­ing, the Jam aica leader o f the NWIU. The en tire services o f the steel union, its legal, educational, and research departm ents, w il l be a t the disposal o f the Jamaican w orkers. Th is appo intm ent rep­resents the f irs t tim e th a t a N o rth Am erican union has given d ire c t o rgan iza tiona l assistance to a m ember un ion o f the In ­te rna tion a l Confederation o f Free Trade Unions. I t rflso opens up the po ss ib lity th a t the Canadian Steelworkers Union w ill extend its ju r is d ic tio n to embrace as members w orkers in the Com­m onwealth areas o f the Caribbean.

Canadian and U.S. w orkers have a b ig stake in s treng then ing the w orkers in the W est Indies who have long served as a source o f cheap labo r fo r Canadian and U.S. m onopolists. The A lum inum Company o f Canada, one o f three in the baux ite fie ld, ships ore to Canada to be processed in to a lum inum by members o f the Stee lworkers Union.

■(?) By R. BellNEW YORK, JUNE 9 — Over 5,000 longshoremea,

spearheaded by rebel Local 791 of the AFL International Longshoremen’s Association, paraded uptown from thew a te rfro n t to p icke t the B a r®Association B u ild ing , scene o f open hearings called by Governor Thom as E. Dewey on the State C rim e Com m ission’s proposals to “ re fo rm ” the po rt. The longshore­men were p a r tic u la r ly incensed about the proposals to license, reg is te r and f in g e rp r in t dock- w orkers and set up state-operated fink halls, under p re te x t o f com­b a ttin g “ crim e” on the w a te r­fro n t.

Dewey presided personally at the hearings in his old p u b lic ity - g rabb ing role o f “ gang buster.”B ut the dock w orkers weren’t fooled by the act. They booed Dewey on bis w ay in to the bu ild ­ing and waved th e ir p icke t signs s ta tin g th e ir opposition to gov­ernm ent con tro l and reg u la tion o f labor unions.

George Meanv, president o f the A F L , castigated those sections o f Dewey’s C rim e Commission rep o rt which, under guise o f cu rb ing crim e, proposed the adoption o f d rastic res tr ic tio ns which could be imposed on a ll unions in New Y ork state. “ T h a t’s an unw arrant ed .in te rfe rence w ith the a ffa irs o f decent labor unions,” Meany asserted, “ and is as illo g ic a l as passing a law re g u la tin g a ll busi­nesses because o f im proper ac­t iv it ie s o f some steam ship and stevedore companies.”

O A TH R E Q U IR E DCanadian steel d irec to r C. H.

M illa rd , when he f le w to Jamaica to g ive advice to the s tr ik in g N a tiona l W orkers U nion, was

allowed to land on ly upon s ign ing a declaration th a t he would not “ a t any tim e address any group o f persons on any top ic re la tin g to po litica l o r trade union m atters, or discuss such m a tte rs w ith any group o f persons, o r p a rtic ip a te in any w ay o r in any nego tia­tions a ris in g ou t o f any trade dispute.” Two days a f te r his appeal to the B r it is h Colonia l O ffice these res tr ic tio ns were lifte d but the ban on his colleague from the U.S. S teelworkers, M ike Zonnerach, was enforced.

A ccord ing to T. F a irc lough, treasu re r o f the Jam aican Peo­ples N a tiona l P a rty , 300 to 400 Jam aicans die every w in te r from a vo m itin g disease which is re a lly due to s ta rva tion . M ost o f the w orkers in Jam aica w o rk on the sugar crop which is seasonal em­ploym ent. A t least 20% o f the w o rk ing force are unemployed a t any one tim e. W hile wages have risen from 50 cents to about a do lla r a day, rice , the staple food, has skyrocketed from 3 cents a pound to 14 cents.

The N a tiona l W orkers Union is a ffilia te d to the Peoples N a ­tional P a rty which has 11 seats in the leg is la tu re and is the o f­fic ia l oppositon to the governm ent headed by A lexander Bustamente. The PNIP outvoted Bustam onte’s so-called Jam aican Labor P a rty 202.000 to 108,000 in the las t election. The Peoples N a tiona l P a rty has close re la tions w ith the Canadian fa rm e r-la b o r p a rty , the OCF, which the Canadian d is tr ic t o f the U n ited Stee lworkers s tro n g ly backs.

Wall St. Bewails Crop Prospects(Continued from page 1)

The average price th a t fa rm ers can obtain fo r corn in the open m arke t today is $1.53 a bushel. They can, however, in effect sell th e ir corn d ire c tly to the govern­m ent fo r $1.67 a' bushel. F o r wheat, the Chicago m arke t price is now $2.02 a bushel w h ile the governm ent price is $2.53.

Thus n a tu ra lly resu lts in the governm ent g e ttin g m illio ns upon m illio ns o f bushels o f wheat and corn which it m ust store w ith l i t t le hope o f se lling. A s long as the m arke t price rem ains low. the governm ent m ust re fra in from se lling fo r fe a r o f s t i l l fu r th e r depressing the open m arke t price. By keeping these huge stores o f f the m arke t, the governm ent en­courages m aintenance o f h igh prices on the open m arke t.

B u t th is system, conjured tip by the w iz a rd ry o f an a rm y o f governm ent economists, doesn’t always w o rk ou t too w e ll. F o r example, the m arke t price o f new w heat has dropped so 'low th a t an unprecedented gap exists between i t and the governm ent price. The m arke t price usu a lly begins to drop when the w heat conies in. However, th is yea r the decline in price occurred in advance o f the crop. Prices have a m agic o f th e ir own.

The governm ent is unable to store more g ra in . I t hasn’t go t the room. C ra in can’ t bo supported when i t can’t he stored. I t the re­fore m ay be dumped on the m arke t where i t w il l knock prices clown even lo w er than they are now. The ea rly price decline an­tic ipa tes th is “ storage cris is .”

The low er prices fa ll , the more g ra in is unloaded on the govern­m ent and the sharper becomes the. cris is . Some 600,900,000 bushels o f old wheat and 800,000,000 bushels o f old corn now- cram every ava ilab le b it o f space in the governm ent warehouses. These are on ly tw o o f 29 com m odities in governm ent storage inventories. T he ir to ta l value is $1,705,526,000. In addition, governm ent loans and purchase agreem ents o f some $2 b illio n b r in g the grand to ta l to ne a rly $3% b illion . And the stocks are b u ild in g up.

B u t there is no th in g to w o rry about im m edia te ly . A no ther $3 b illion is s t i l l ava ilab le o f the pub lic funds the governm ent is authorized to hand out. in the price - suppo rting program . O f course th a t w ill a ll be gone by ne x t year unless the New Y ork Tim es advice to “ discourage over­production” is taken. T h a t is the course th a t Secretary o f A g r i­cu ltu re Benson has chosen. He plans to call fo r quotas on wheat and cotton to l im it production nex t year.

O UT OF YO U R PO CKETThe do lla rs needed fo r price

supports come out o f the ta x ­payer’s pocket. You pay h igh taxes to keep up h igh prices so th a t you can pay m ore money fo r food and c lo th ing . T h is is one o f the fea tu res o f c a p ita lis t p ros­pe rity . M eanwhile m illio ns o f tons o f foo ds tu ffs lie in warehouses ro t t in g sw a y as i f the re were a depression. An ingenious system !

George B rad ley, Chicago area d irec to r fo r the Com m odity C red it

C orpora tion , in charge o f dispos­in g o f old corn in governm ent- owned bins states th a t “ . . . 25 to 30 m illio n bushels o f old corn is de te rio ra tin g so ra p id ly th a t i t should be pu t on the m arke t as soon as possible.” But. “ . . . we can’t unload i t on the m arke t as w e're com m itted not to depress the m arke t.” I t w i l l take a lo t more w iz a rd ry to solve th a t one. Even the b u ild in g o f more storage bins w on 't stop the old g ra in from ro ttin g .

The on ly solution th a t the gov­ernm ent can find is to bu ild a vast ne tw ork o f storage bins fo r the new g ra in th a t keeps pou ring in, le t the old stores deterio ra te , in ­crease taxes to pay fo r the b i l­lions more needed fo r th is , and c u rta il production.

W hy no t free a ll th is food fo r the h u n g ry a ll over the w orld ? No, tha t is called “ dum ping” and “ depressing” the prices. You would pay less fo r y o u r food. T ha t would b r in g down other prices, too, and low er fa rm and in d u s tria l p ro fits a ll around, b r in g in g on a depression. The on ly w ay to handle the scourge o f p le n ty under cap ita lism is to store and destroy.

B u t even th is trea tm ent o f the disease o f abundance doesn’t seem to guarantee sa lvation fo r

the p ro fit system. U nder-S ecretary o f A g r ic u ltu re M orse declared la s t week: “ I fea r tha t i f the gov­ernment must resort to buying bins and p u ttin g them up to store corn, we w il l have to look at. them in the fu tu re as monuments to the fa ilu re o f free enterprise .”

“ P U B L IC P E A C E ” C L A U S EMeany also attacked th a t sec­

tion o f the report w h ich excludes from em ploym ent any person “ whose presence on the w a te r­fro n t w ill endanger the public peace, sa fe ty and w e lfa re .” “ W h a t about men on s tr ik e ? ” he asked. "C ou ldn ’* a p o lit ic a lly contro lled state d iv is ion break a le g itim a te s t r i k e o f longshoremen by th rea ten ing them w ith loss o f th e ir live lihood under th a t public peace and safe ty clause?” I t is obvious, on the basis o f a ll previous experience, tha t the so- called “ public peace” clause is intended to serve th a t purpose.

A s fo r crim e, M eany declared^ the c ity and state law -enforce­m ent agencies have, a ll the pow ef they need to enforce the law s aga inst crim e and apprehend the crim ina ls .

A H O A XThe im pos ition o f re s tr ic t iv e

labor leg is la tion under the guise o f s tam p ing ou t crim e is no th ing b u t a hoax. I t is a m a tte r o f public record th a t c rim e on the w a te rfro n t has flou rished because o f the co llusion between greedy em ployers, crooked po litic ian s and co rru p t labor o ffic ia ls - A s a num - ber o f w a te rfro n t em ployers testified a t previous bearings, the practice o f hand ing ou t “ g if ts ” to TLA o ffic ia ls was considered a fo rm o f “ .strike insurance.” I t ia on ly since I LA president R yan and his henchmen ha re the los t the power to keep the longshore­men in line th a t the hue and t r y over crim e on the w a te rfro n t reached its crescendo.

W ha t the em ployers o f the p o rt w a n t is “ s tr ik e insurance** th a t w i l l de live r the goods. A t thq hearings conducted by Dewey, fo r example, cha irm an o f the New Y o rk S h ipp ing Association, John V. Lyon, centered his demands.©» leg is la tion o u tla w in g “ w ild ca t s trikes ,” and on g iv in g the em­ployers g re a te r con tro l o vy t h ir in g and fir in g .

O ddly enough, the demand fo r measures to ban “ w ildca t s tr ikes ” was echoed by Louis W aldm an, a tto rney fo r "K in g ” Joe Ryan. I t is these s tr ik e p ro tes t actions which have d isrup ted the am icable re la tions between Ryan and this em ployers and given rise to the numerous crim e hearings. S ym p­to m a tica lly , i t was the re b t j longshoremen, who have con* s is ten tly Jed the opposition to Ryan, tha t p icketed the Dewey hearings fo r which W aldm an and Ryan both apologized to HiS Honor, the governor.

TRUE FACTS DEMANDED IN MURDER OF TRESCA

NEW YORK, June 4 — Confirmation or refutationof two opposing charges in connection with the 1943 nuir* der of Carlo Tresca, anti-fascist editor, was asked todayin three le tte rs sent by N orm an Thomas, head o f the Tresca M em oria l Com m ittee, to D is tr ic t A tto rn e y F rank S. Hogan, Police Com m issioner George P. M on­aghan, and W illia m S. Paley, chairm an o f the Colum bia Broad­casting System ’s board o f d irec­tors. Those charges are : (1 ) th a t Tresca was k ille d by the M afia a t M usso lin i’s order, and (2 ) tha t he was sla in by “ a Com m unist th u g ,” who a fte rw a rd was m urder­ed in Europe.

I l is com m ittee ’s three moves were made, M r. Thomas explained, because o f a te levis ion show en titled Death o f an E d ito r, la te ly presented by CBS, wh ich, in a s im ulated news program , showed the Tresca k il l in g to have been done at M usso lin i’s command, and a subsequent pro test in the N . Y . w eekly E nqu ire r by its publisher,Generoso Pope, J r., who asserts th a t the supposed facts on which tha t broadcast was based are w h o lly "untrue.

The CBS scrip t, televised M ay 12, and presented as "h is to ry ,” as “ t ru th ," averred th a t $300,000 was paid to the M afia, an alleged te r ro r is t organ iza tion , fo r the m urder, easily recognized from the T V p o rtra ya l, M r. Thomas states, as th a t o f Tresca. M r,Pope contends tha t th is never hap- nenod, and cites ,1. Edgard Hoover, head o f the Federal Bureau o f Inve s tiga tio n , as a u th o r ity fo r h is assertion th a t the Mafia is non­existent. The E nqu ire r ed ito r also declares th a t the Tresca s lay ing was a “ Com m unist” crim e.

“ O ffic ia lly the m urder o f Carlo Tresca is carried as unsolved,”M r. Pope’s p ro tes t said. “ B u t the New Y o rk police do consider i t solved Accord ing to th e ir secret files, Tresca was s la in hy a Com­m un is t th u g who was h im se lf m urdered la te r in the Balkans.”

Tn its three separate le tte rs the Thomas com m ittee made the fo l­low ing requests:

D is tr ic t A tto rn e y Hogan was asked to call upon the CBS m an­agement. fo r “ any fac tua l ev i­dence on which you r Death o f an E d ito r T V scrip t was based,” and also to cheek w ith the Police De­pa rtm ent " to see i f by any pos­s ib ili ty o f circum stance i t has evidence on the Tresca case that, has no t come to you r a tte n tio n .”

To Police Com m issioner M on­aghan, M r. Thomas w ro te : “ Is i t tru e th a t you r departm ent’s ‘secret files' contain evidence th a t Tresca ‘was sla in by a Communist th u g ’ who in tu rn was m urdered in the Balkans? I f so, we urge th a t you g ive th a t evidence to D is tr ic t A tto rn e y Hogan and a t

the same tim e issue a pub lic state* ment on the question. T h a t w ou ld c lea r the a ir .”

W r it in g to M r. Paley, M i. Thomas urged th a t CBS tu r t l over to the D is tr ic t A tto rn e y any evidence i t m ay have to back up the M ay V2 “ news p ro g ra m .”

Tresca was a re lentless op* ponent o f M usso lin i and his A m er* ican fo llow e rs . Tresca was also a]) opponent o f S ta lin ism . A s a mean* ber o f the fam ous John Dewey Commission th a t investiga ted the Moscow T ria ls , he helped expo&a them as the g rea test fram e-upa in h is to ry . B y his w o rk in p ro v in g Leon T ro ts k y innocent o f tha charges levelled by S ta lin ’s secret police, Tresca incurred the ha tred o f the K rem lin . Thus S ta lin came under suspicion as the possible in s tig a to r o f Tresca’s m urder.

“ M r. Pope’s assertion th a t tha k il le r was m urdered in tha Balkans is brand-new to us,” said M r. Thomas. “ I f he has any m ore in fo rm a tio n on th a t score, o r oh the id e n tity o f those who in i st¡gated and com m itted T re s c a i m urder, i t is likew ise h is d u ty to com m unicate it. to the D is tr ic t A tto rn e y .”

Tresca was shot down in tha w a r-tim e d im -ou t on Janua ry L Ì, 19-43, close to the office o f h ig jo u rn a l, I l M a rte llo (The H am ­m er), a t F if th Avenue and 15th Street.

A w e ll-know n anarcho-syndica l­is t leader, Tresca gained fam e in the labor m ovem ent fo r h is ro l« in the Mesabi Range, Lawrenoa and Paterson strikes. He was active in the defense o f Sacog and V anze tti.