vol3 - Kunihar

Volume: XIV Part I Section: 2 Chapter: 8 Page No: 69

Comprehensive CAT Plan of Satluj River Basin

Chapter 8: Community Development Block Kunihar

1. Data

TABLE NO:10

HORTICULTURE CROPS

AREA

VARIETIES (LOCAL/IMPROVED)

IRRIGATED/UNIRRIGATE MEAN

FYM MEAN YIELD

MEAN SALE

CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS

PESTICIDES SOURCE OF PLANT

MATERIAL

AVAILABILITY OF

TECHNICAL GUIDANCE

LOCAL%

IMPROVED%

IRRIGATED%

UNIRRIGATED%

YES% NO% YES% NO% LOCAL%

GOVT.%

NO%

YES%

NO%

Almond 4 100 0 0 100 12 0.5 5000 100 0 100 0 100 0 0 100 0

Amla 1 100 0 0 100 3 2 25000 100 0 100 0 100 0 0 100 0

Amrood 11 100 0 0 100 5.14 0.36 500 71.43 28.57 71.43 28.57 100 0 0 100 0

Apple 2.5 100 0 0 100 4.5 2.8 12000 100 0 100 0 100 0 0 100 0

Apricot/Chulli 3 100 0 0 100 9 0 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 0 100 0

Banana 3 100 0 0 100 3 0.67 1466.67 66.67 33.33 100 0 100 0 0 100 0

Citrus 29.5 100 0 0 100 7.27 0.37 709.43 76.92 23.08 46.15 53.85 100 0 0 100 0

Daroo 10 100 0 0 100 5.35 0.4 544.44 80 20 80 20 100 0 0 100 0

Lemon 27 100 0 0 100 5.32 0.15 277.08 64.29 35.71 71.43 28.57 100 0 0 100 0

Litchi 4 100 0 0 100 30 0 0 100 0 100 0 100 0 0 100 0

Mango 25 100 0 0 100 6.81 2.16 3652.17 61.54 38.46 38.46 61.54 100 0 0 100 0

Peach 11 100 0 0 100 6 0.64 10727.27 66.67 33.33 100 0 100 0 0 100 0

Pears 11 100 0 0 100 3.67 1.91 13100 44.44 55.56 44.44 55.56 100 0 0 100 0

Plum 18 100 0 0 100 7.12 1 8711.11 100 0 87.5 12.5 100 0 0 100 0



TABLE NO:11

AGRICULTURE CROPS

AREA

VARIETIES (LOCAL/IMPROVED) IRRIGATED/UNIRRIGATE

MEAN FYM

MEAN YIELD


AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE

LOCAL% IMPROVED% IRRIGATED% UNIRRIGATED% YES% NO% YES% NO%

Barley 79 100 0 5.26 94.74 6.34 1.68 0 100 0 100

Chame 1.5 100 0 0 100 4.5 1.6 0 100 0 100

Kolth 2.5 100 0 0 100 3.75 1.12 0 100 0 100

Maize 150.3 100 0 4.44 95.56 9.95 2.27 0 100 0 100

Moong 2 100 0 0 100 6 0.7 0 100 0 100

Mustard 74.5 100 0 3.12 96.88 6.98 1.24 0 100 0 100

Paddy 20.5 100 0 18.18 81.82 5.32 1.76 0 100 0 100

Potato 50 100 0 4 96 6 1.54 0 100 0 100

Rajmash 1.5 100 0 0 100 2.25 1.03 0 100 0 100

Urd 34.5 100 0 0 100 7.39 0.85 0 100 0 100

Wheat 130.8 100 0 2.5 97.5 9.8 2.06 0 100 0 100

TABLE NO:12

VEGETABLE CROPS

AREA

VARIETIES (LOCAL/IMPROVED) IRRIGATED/UNIRRIGATE

MEAN FYM

MEAN YIELD


AVAILABILITY OF TECHNICAL GUIDANCE

LOCAL% IMPROVED% IRRIGATED% UNIRRIGATED% YES% NO% YES% NO%

Bottle Gourd 1 100 0 0 100 3 1 0 100 0 100

Brinjal 12.2 100 0 0 100 3.35 0.41 0 100 0 100

Cabbage 8.7 100 0 0 100 4.53 0.92 0 100 0 100

Capsicum 9 100 0 0 100 3.86 0.67 0 100 0 100

Carrot 0.5 100 0 0 100 1.5 0 0 100 0 100

Cauliflower 5.2 100 0 0 100 2.6 0.58 0 100 0 100

Chilli 7.1 100 0 0 100 3.43 0.14 0 100 0 100

French Beans 19 100 0 0 100 7.12 0.47 0 100 0 100

Garlic 13.5 100 0 6.25 93.75 5.05 0.22 0 100 0 100

Ginger 13.3 100 0 5.88 94.12 2.36 0.45 0 100 0 100

Kaddu 5.5 100 0 0 100 1.5 0.36 0 100 0 100

LadyFinger 2 100 0 0 100 3 1 0 100 0 100



Onion 9.6 100 0 0 100 2.97 1.56 0 100 0 100

Peas 13.5 100 0 0 100 4.5 0.96 0 100 0 100

Sag 0.5 100 0 0 100 1.5 0 0 100 0 100

Tomato 9.5 100 0 0 100 3.56 0.74 0 100 0 100

TABLE NO:13

LIVES STOCKS

NO OF LIVES

HEALTH CARE NATURAL/AI SERVICE BREED STALL FEEDING/GRAZING OR

BOTH

MEAN CONCENTRATE FED

MEAN LACTATION

MEAN YIELD

AVAILABILITY OF

TECHNICAL GUIDANCE

YES% NO% NATURAL%

AI% BOTH%

NO% LOCAL%

IMPROVED%

STALL%

GRAZING %

BOTH%

No%

YES%

NO%

Buffalo 23 17.65 82.35 0 82.35 0 17.65 100 0 94.12 0 5.88 0 2.47 352.94 1711.76 0 100

Bullocks 65 15.62 84.38 0 3.12 0 96.88 100 0 3.12 6.25 90.62 0 2.09 9.38 37.5 0 100

Cows 103 28.21 71.79 61.54 20.51 17.95 0 61.54 38.46 33.33 0 66.67 0 2.69 770.77 2183.59 0 100

Goat 56 25 75 87.5 0 0 12.5 100 0 12.5 50 37.5 0 2.19 0 0 0 100

Heifers 7 0 100 0 0 0 100 66.67 33.33 33.33 0 66.67 0 1.17 0 0 0 100

Sheep 7 0 100 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 66.67 33.33 0 0.83 0 0 0 100

TABLE NO 4 NO OF HOUSE HOLDS STUDIES 45

CAST CATEGORY

GENERAL% 82.22 SC% 15.56 ST % 0 OBC % 2.22

ELECTRICITY CONNECTION YES% 100 NO% 0

MOTORABLE ROAD TO VILLAGE YES% 66.67 NO% 33.33

DISPENSARY/MEDICAL FACILITY IN VILLAGE

YES% 57.78 NO% 42.22

MEDICAL FACILITY DISTANCE (KM) 1.87

TAP WATER YES% 86.67 NO% 13.33



TOILET YES% 86.67 NO% 13.33

NO OF FAMILY MEMBER TOTAL MALE 128 TOTAL FEMALE 112

EDUCATION(MALE)

DEGREE% 7.0312 +TWO% 11.7188 MATRIC% 21.0938 MIDDLE% 21.875 PRIMARY% 29.6875 ILLITRATE% 8.5938

EDUCATION(FEMALE)

DEGREE% 3.57 +TWO% 14.29 MATRIC% 12.5 MIDDLE% 22.32 PRIMARY% 25.89 ILLITRATE% 21.43

ANNUAL INCOME

SERVICE 1572790 AGRI/HOTI 1803100 LABOUR 707000 MISC 230000

TOTAL ANNUAL INCOME 95842

TABLE NO:14(A)

SOCIAL PARTICIPATION MARKETING PATTERN OF

PRODUCE SOURCE OF BORROWING

MAHILA MANDAL %

YOUTH CLUB %

SHG %

MAHILA MANDAL /YOUTH CLUB %

MAHILA MANDAL /SHG

%

CO-OP %

GRAM SMITI %

NO% PRIVATE% CO-OP% BANK% CO-OP %

RELATIVES% FRIENDS %

22.22 2.22 4.44 2.22 2.22 2.22 6.67 57.78 97.78 2.22 84.44 4.44 6.67 4.44



FUEL/FODDER MANAGEMENT

FUEL/FODDER REQUIREMENT %

AVALIBILITY% GAP % YES% NO%

FUEL 93.33 6.67 54.67 31.11

FODDER 93.33 6.67 63.22 31.22

FUEL SOURCE SOURCE TO COVER GAP % FODDER SOURCE SOURCE TO COVER GAP %

Forest 40 Forest 57.78

LPG 11.11 Forest, Purchase 22.22

LPG,Forest 42.22 No 6.67

LPG,Private Land 2.22 Private 6.67

LPG,Purchase 2.22

Self Land 6.67 No 2.22

INCOME GENERATING ACTIVITIES

EXISTING INTERESTED

No Sewing,Embroidery,Poultry,Bee-Keeping,Mushroom

MINOR FOREST PRODUCE(MFP)

EXISTINGNAME ANNUALINCOME SUGGESTION

No 0 Lack of knowledge about MFPs.Education is required.

Volume: III Part I Section:2 Chapter:8 Page No: 74


2. Analysis

District Solan

Community Development Block Kunihar

The socio-economic conditions of Kunihar block are summarized in the following tables.

Table: 1 Ethnic Group & Religion, Study Area, 2009-10.

(Per cent)

Religion

Hindu 100.00

Category

General 79.63

SC 18.52

OBC 1.85

It can be observed from the Table-1 that in study area the percentage of Hindu was

100.00. As far as caste category was concerned general category constituted the largest

proportion accounting for 79.63 per cent. Next in importance was scheduled caste

category (18.52 percent). The OBC constituted 1.85 percent of the total sampled

households.

Table: 2 Infrastructure Facilities, Study Area, 2009-10.

(Per cent)

Village Level Yes NO

Motorable road to village 72.22 27.78

Health facility in a village 64.81 35.19

Average distance to be covered

to get medical facility

1.56 K.M.*

Family level Electricity connection 100.00 0.00

Tap water connection 88.89 11.11

Toilet facility 82.88 17.12

*Kilometre

Table -2 exhibits that 72.22 per cent of villages were connected with motorable roads.

As far as health facilities in villages are concerned, 64.81 percent villages were having

medical facilities. On an average people had to cover 1.56 K.M. to get medical help.

Table further indicates that 11.11 per cent households were not having water connection

and 17.12 per cent were going in open for defecation. As far as electricity connection is

concerned all the sampled households were having electric connection in their houses.

Table: 3 Distribution of selected families according to gender, Study Area, 2009-10.

(Number)

Gender

Male 173

Female 157

Total 330

Average size of family 6.11

Sex ratio* 907

*Number of females per thousand males

The information on average size of family and gender- wise classification of sampled

households has been presented in Table – 3. It can be observed form the table that on

overall level, the average family consisted of 6.11 members. In the study area sex ratio

was 907.

Table: 4 Educational Level, Study Area, 2009-10

(Per cent)

Educational Level Male Female

Illiterate 8.67 18.47

Primary 31.79 28.03

Middle 21.97 24.20

Matriculate 21.39 15.29



Sr. Secondary 8.67 11.46

Degree 7.61 2.55

Table -4 represents the educational level of sampled population of the study area.

Regarding the literacy of the family members, it was found to be higher among males as

compared to females. The proportion of illiteracy in females was more. The majority of

the females (28.03 per cent) had their education up to primary level. The proportion of

the female population having studied up to middle, matriculation and sr. secondary

standards was 24.20, 15.29 and 11.46 per cent, respectively. It can be seen from the

table that only 2.55 per cent of the female population had their education up to degree

level. Among the males, 31.79 per cent were having education up to primary level. The

proportion of the male population having studied up to middle, matriculation and sr.

secondary standards was 21.97, 21.39 and 8.67 per cent, respectively. The percentage

of male population having education up to degree level was only 7.61.

Table: 5 Distribution of Family Income, Study Area, 2009-10

(Average)

Sr. No Particulars Annual family Income (Rs.)

1. Service 44681

(41.33)

2. Horticulture/Agriculture 38079

(35.22)

3. Labour 21092

(19.51)

4. Miscellaneous 4259

(3.94)

Total 108111

(100.00)

Note: Figures in parentheses represent percentages.

In order to get an insight unto the annual family income as a whole an analysis was

carried out on the basis of family as a unit. The major constituents of family income in

the study area were service, horticulture/agriculture. A perusal of Table – 5 reveals that

on an average, the total annual family income, per household, was worked out to be Rs.

1, 08,111. The major source of annual family income was service. It contributed 41.33

per cent towards total family income. Next in importance was horticulture/agriculture,

as it contributed about 35.22 per cent. Labour was also an important source of family

income. Its contribution was 19.51 per cent.

Table: 6 Social Participation, Study Area, 2009-10

(Per cent)

Participation (42.59)

Mahila Mandal 25.93

Co-operatives 12.96

Self Help Groups 3.70

Youth Club 0.00

No Participation (57.41)

Table – 6 shows the average social participation of households in study area. Overall

only 42.59 percent were participating in Mahila Mandals, Co-operatives and Self Help

Groups with 25.93, 12.96 & 3.70 percentages, respectively. The participation in youth

clubs was nil.

Table: 7 Marketing Pattern of Produce, Study Area, 2009-10

(Per cent)

Private 98.15

Cooperatives 1.85

Government 0.00

Table – 7 reveals that majority of the respondents (98.15 per cent) were selling their

produce to private parties followed by co-operatives with 1.85 percentages, respectively.



Table: 8 Source of Borrowings, Study Area, 2009-10

(Per cent)

Bank 81.48

Cooperative Society 3.80

Friends & Relatives 11.12

Any other 3.60

The source of borrowings by the sampled households is presented in Table – 8. The

majority of the respondents (81.48 per cent) had taken loan from banks. About 11.12

per cent of people borrowed loans from relatives and friends. The table further reveals

that 3.80 per cent of households had taken loan from cooperative societies. The

percentage of households who had taken loans from other sources was 3.60.

Table: 9Income Generating Activities, Study Area, 2009-10

(Activities)

Existing Interested

Nil Bee Keeping, Sewing, Embroidery,

Mushroom, Poultry

Table – 9 presents the existing and those income generating activities in which people

were interested for future. No income generating activities existed in the study area, but

the people showed interest in Bee Keeping, Sewing, Embroidery, Mushroom & Poultry.

The mushroom and poultry had more attention.

Table: 10 Fuel/Fodder Management, Study Area, 2009-10

(Per cent)

Requirement Availability Gap Sources to cover

gap by household

Fuel 100.00 57.96 42.04 Forests (53.33)

LPG (33.21)

Kerosene (13.46)

Fodder 94.44 64.54 35.46 Forest (62.89)

Market (37.11)

Table – 10 shows the fuel and fodder management by the respondents in study area. It

can be seen from the table that on average people were able to manage 57.96 percent

fuel from their own farms and to cover the gap 53.33 per cent households were

dependent on forests. As far as fodder is concerned, to cover the gap which was 64.54

percent, majority of the people (62.89 per cent) were dependent on forests.

Suggestions

• Rural infrastructure like village roads, drinking water, and sanitation needs to be

developed and strengthened.

• Health sub-centers may be provided with proper building and staff at Gram

Panchayat level.

• Family planning and health education campaign needs to be started at Gram

Panchayat level. Awards should be given to Gram Panchayats with low decadal

variation from the average of state.

• The occurrence of school dropouts has been quite high as we move from

matriculation to senior secondary and above.

• In order to raise the socio-economic status, increase employment opportunities

and generate self confidence, the top priority is to be given for their education.

The education will not only help in providing their participation in economic

activities but add to their productivity also.

• The overall literacy rate of women is low as compared to men folk. Girls often

have to drop out of school to assist their mothers. This reinforces gender roles



and denies girls access to education. Keeping in view the active role played by

women in maintaining and improving the wellbeing of their families and the whole

society, special schemes should be introduced to get her more educated.

Increasing literacy rates are preconditions for and expressions of a fundamental

cultural change that brings empowerment and new responsibilities.

• Social participation should be encouraged. There is a need to educate the people

about the importance of co-operatives, self help groups. In study area the

existence of youth clubs is nil. There is dire need to educate the young generation

about youth clubs and their functioning. Further, they may be motivated to

establish these rural institutions. While using the People Rural Appraisal (PRA), it

is noted that most of the people were not having knowledge about development

activities. Thus, their participation in such institutions may be encouraged to

improve their knowledge about developmental activities.

• Majority of people in study area are marketing their produce to private parties but

resentment was also there among the people that private parties are not

purchasing their produce at proper rates. Government should do efforts in this

respect.

• The banks already working in the study area has to gain more confidence among

local people. People still prefer to borrow money from relatives, friends and

money lenders. Bank people are required to establish rapport with villagers to win

their confidence.

• In order to make the people economically better off, there is dire need to

introduce new income generating activities as suggested by them. Proper training

should be imparted to them to start new activities. Existing income generating

activities should be strengthened by making them more trained. Women folk

should be trained to improve their economic status. Improved economic status

will lead to increase in empowerment of women and also enable them to

participate increasingly in decision making in the family and society, which at

present is more or less the exclusive domain of the men folk.

• There exists a gap in fodder requirement and which is mostly met with from

forests. To meet put this gap new species of fodder trees and grasses and

improved management practices (Agronomic practices and fertilization

application) should be popularized.

• To cover the gap in fuel majority of people are dependent on forests for fuel

wood. To release the pressure of forests alternative sources like solar energy,

bio-gas should be encouraged. An investment in this direction can be cheaper and

more eco-friendly source of electrification.

• Pressure cookers should be provided to them on subsidized rates.

• Training should be imparted to women to save energy. Wood saving devices like

improved chullas should be introduced.

• Agriculture/horticulture is one of the major sources of family income. Every

farmer that wants to expand or even maintain his or her business invariably

needs cash. The need for cash implies a need for credit, and as most small scale

farmers need relatively small amounts of credit. Microcredit is not always the

solution farmers are looking for, and they benefit from it less than other sectors.

Their need for credit may be relatively small, but it is larger than that of the

average micro-entrepreneur. Farmers need access to credit over along period of

time as they have to wait until harvest time or later, until they can pay back a

loan. Unlike other micro-enterprises, agriculture cannot sustain above market

interest rates as the financial returns are not high enough. Keeping this in view



government should make efforts for microfinance instead of microcredit.

• To improve the livestock output, farmers should be provided with free or highly

livestock subsidized livestock services, especially when it comes to animal health.

3. Costing DEVELOPMENT BLOCK KUNIHAR

Basic Statistics

• No of MWs in the CD Block falling in Satluj Catchment 3 **

• Range of general slope of land 30 to 85

%**

• Farmers' owned land area 868 ha**

• Irrigated area < 10 %**

• Fodder supply against demand*

• Green fodder 40 %

• Dry fodder 64 %

Improvement Expenditure to be met from CAT Plan Rs. In

Lakhs

• Cost of 0.5% additional area(5 ha) to be brought under

irrigation(@ Rs. 1.0 Lakh/ha)

5.00

• Cost of 1 % area (9 ha) to be brought under organic farming

(@ Rs. 10,000/= per ha)(Only incentive portion)***

0.90

• Rejuvenation of senile orchards {0.5 % of area (5 ha) @

Rs.15,000/= per ha} (Only incentive portion)***

0.75

• Area expansion under Hort. Crops {0.5% of area (5 ha) @ Rs.

60,000/= per ha}( Only incentive portion)***

3.00

• 0.5 % of area (5 ha) to be Bench Terraced (@ Rs.1,06,882/= per

ha)****

5,34

• One Farm Pond (125 CM) for each micro-watershed (3 Nos.)

@ Rs. 2,96, 000/= per pond****

8.88

• 0.5 % of farmers’ owned land (5 ha ) to be brought under

grassland

improvement (@ Rs. 1.0 Lakh/ha)*****

5.00

• Fodder cultivation******

i). Kharif fodder cultivation on 4 ha @ Rs.19120/= per ha

ii). Rabi fodder cultivation on 4 ha @ Rs. 22800/= per ha

0.76

0.91

• One Natural Breeding Centre (NBC) in each micro-watershed (3

Nos.)

@ Rs. 25,000/= per centre******

0.75

• Cost of one Gosadan to accommodate 100 cattle heads

1. Recurring cost@ Rs.40/= per cattle per day

2. Recurreing cost of 4 attendants @ Rs. 120/=/per day/per

attendant

3. Fixed cost for raising Gosadan structures

14.60

1.73

5.00

Total 52.62

Source

* Block Dev.Office/Distt. Statistical Office

** NERIL Survey

*** Cost norms as per Hort.Tech. Mission, GOI/Deptt. of Hort. H.P.

**** Deptt. of Agri. H.P norms

***** Dept. of Ani. Husbandry, H.P. norms

****** Mid Himalayan Project norms

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vol3 - Kunihar