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Volcano Types and Volcanic Eruptions
1. Why Volcanoes Erupt:
• The F of expanding gas builds and pushes magma through the vent
2. Major Factors in Eruptions:
• a. The amount of trapped gas
– CO2 and Sulfur
• b. Silica Content– The more silica, the
more explosive
C. Common Volcano Products
–Ash:• Fine rock particles, less than 1/10 of
an inch
C. Common Volcano Products– Cinder
• Rock pieces at least 2.5 inches to many feet
C. Common Volcano Products• Pyroclastic Flow:
– Mix of hot ash, bombs, gas, pumice and glass that can travel up to 100 miles per hour.
3. Common Volcano Types• Shield Volcano
– Structure– Composition
• Layers of built up lava
– Eruption Type• Quiet
– Lava Type• Pahoehoe
– Hazards• Burning land, ash covered
– Example• Hawaiian Islands
3. Common Volcano Types• Cinder Cone
– Structure– Composition
• Layers of ash, cinders and bombs
– Eruption Type• Explosive
– Lava Type• Aa
– Hazards• Deadly gasses, landslides, avalanche, pyroclastic
flow
– Example:• Paricutin, Mexico
3. Common Volcano Types• Composite
– Structure– Composition
• Alternate lava and ash
– Eruption Type• Alternate Quiet and explosive
– Lava Type• Pahoehoe and Aa
– Hazards• Alternate
– Example:• Mt. St. Helens
4. Volcanic Activity
• a. Common Volcano Locations
Volcanoes per Continent
050
100150200250
Austra
lia
South
Am
erica
North
Am
erica
Asia
Europ
e
Africa
Antar
ctica
Australia
South America
North America
Asia
Europe
Africa
Antarctica
b. Volcanic Eruption simulation
• http://discoverykids.com/games/volcano-explorer/
4. Volcanic Activity
• b. Life Cycle:– Active
• A volcano likely to erupt soon– Ex. Mt. Fuji and Mt. St. Helens
– Dormant• A Volcano that may erupt in the future
– Mt. Hood, Oregon and Mt. Kilimanjaro, Africa
– Extinct:• A volcano unlikely to erupt (10,000 years)
– Mt. Buninyong, Australia