CAUSES

Volcanoes• In the Earths core there is a red hot

liquid rock called Magma• Volcanoes occur when the liquid

Magma risesto the surface of the Earth

• Inside the earth's core there is a red-hot liquid rock, called magma. Volcanoes happen when magma rises to the surface of the earth, which causes bubbles of gas to appear in it.

• This gas can cause pressure to build up in the mountain, and it eventually explodes. When the magma bursts out of the earth, it is called lava.

Earthquakes • An earthquake is the shaking and

vibration of the Earth's crust due to movement of the Earth's plates (plate tectonics). Earthquakes can happen along any type of plate boundary.

• Earthquakes occur when tension is released from inside the crust. The plates sometimes don't move smoothly so the pressure is high and Earthquakes occur

• The point inside the crust where the pressure is released is called the focus

• The point on the Earth's surface above the focus is called the epicentre.

Effects

• Devastating effect on people and the environment.

• Can have both positives and negatives effects

• Positive: The dramatic scenery created by volcanic eruptions attracts tourists. This will bring an income to the area and The lava and ash deposited during an eruption breaks down to provide valuable nutrients for the soil.

• Negative: Many lives are lost so the population will decrease and Human and natural landscapes can be destroyed and changed forever.

• Short-term (immediate) impacts

• Long-term impacts

• Social impacts (the impact on people) Population will decrease

• Economic impacts (the impact on the wealth of an area) such as shops

• Environmental impacts (the impact on the landscape) Fires can damage the woodland

Volcanoes Earthquakes