Voltage RegulRegulatorsators - home.agh.edu.plhome.agh.edu.pl/~zesmikro/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013_UE/w… · 723 T High Power Positive -Voltage Regulator ( External npn Pass

Voltage Regulators

Voltage Voltage RegulRegulaatorstors

Io

UoUi Voltage Regulator

DCRegulatedRo

LoadDC Unregulated

Voltage Regulator ApplicationsVoltage Regulator ApplicationsVoltage Regulator Applications

Ui

t

Uo

t

Voltage Regulator ApplicationsVoltage Regulator ApplicationsVoltage Regulator Applications

Output

Current Limit

Current Limit

Compensation

DC Voltage RegulatorsDC DC Voltage Voltage RegulatorsRegulators

Voltage Regulators

Pulse Regulators Continuous Regulators

Parametric Regulators Compensatory Regulators

VoltageVoltage RegulatorsRegulatorsCClassificationlassification

ApplicationApplication Basic Basic ParametersParameters::

-Output Voltage-Vout

-Input Voltage Range-Vin

-Stabilization Ratio-IR

-Max. Output Current-Iout max

-Short-Circuit Output Current-Isc

-Efficiency,

-Temperature Range.

DC Voltage RegulatorsDCDC Voltage Voltage RegulatorsRegulators

%100

UweUwe

UwyUwy

IR •∆

∆

=

OOutput utput CCharacteristicharacteristic

DC Voltage RegulatorsDCDC Voltage Voltage RegulatorRegulatorss

Uo

IoIomin Iomax

UoWorking Area

DC Voltage RegulatorsDCDC Voltage Voltage RegulatorsRegulators

Uo

Uo

Ui

UimaxU imin

Working Area

Transfer CTransfer Characteristicharacteristic

Io

UoUi Ro

LoadDC Unregulated

UzDz

Iz

Rs

Zener Diode- Parametric RegulatorZener DiodeZener Diode-- Parametric RegulatorParametric Regulator

The parametricThe parametricregulatorregulatorusesusesasasoperating principleoperating principlethe nonlinear currentthe nonlinear current--voltage characteristic of thevoltage characteristic of theZZenerenerdiodediode..

IominIzmax

VzVimaxRsmin

+−=

IomaxIzmin

VzViminRsmax

+−=

↓↓↓↑↑ Uo,Uz,Iz,Io,Uo

U

I

Iz

Iz

Iz

UzUz

UzUR F

F

N

minmax

min

max

N

Zener Diode CharacteristicZener Diode Characteristic


Uz

T

Uz

UBEUBE

High Power Zener DiodeHigh Power Zener Diode


BEZ'Z UUU +=

UoRo

Ui

Uz

Rs

T

Parametric RegulatorsParametric RegulatorsParametric Regulators

ParametricParametric Regulator Regulator Voltage Voltage WWith Folower Outputith Folower Output

BEZO UUU −=

UoRoUi

Uz

T

Iz

Ii

Io


Paraller Parametric Paraller Parametric RegulatorRegulator

IoIzIi +=

UoRo

Ui

Uz

T

Iz

Ii

IoRs


SerialSerial ParametricParametric RegulatorRegulator

IoIi ≈

↑↑↑↓↓↓ Uo,Uz,Iz,Ib,Io,Uo

Uref

Ui

T

-+k

R1

R2

Uo

Compensatory RegulatorCompensatory RegulatorCompensatory Regulator

Simply Simply CompensatoryCompensatoryRegulatorRegulator

)R2

R1Uref(1Uo

Uref)R2R1

R2Uo(

+=

=+

Ui

T

-+k

R1

R2

Uo

Uz

Rs

Compensatory RegulatorsCompensatory RegulatorsCompensatory Regulators

Simply Simply CompensatoryCompensatoryRegulatorRegulator ver.1.ver.1.

)R2

R1(1UzUo +•=

Ui

T

-+k

R1

R2

Uo

Uz

Rs

Compensatory RegulatorsCompensatory RegulatorsCompensatory Regulators

Simply Simply CompensatoryCompensatoryRegulatorRegulator ver.2.ver.2.

)R1

R2(1UrefUo +•=

Ui

T

k Uok

Reverse Voltage Protection

Negative Voltage Protection

Thermal Protection

Current Limit Overvoltage protection

Uref, Error Amplifier

Protections in Voltage RegulatorsProtections in Voltage RegulatorsProtections in Voltage Regulators

Voltage Reference Amplifier

TemperatureCompensated

Zener

ErrorAmplifier

+

-

CurrentLimit

Non InvertInput

InvertInput

V+

V- Vref Vz

Vc

Vo

FrequencyCompensation

IN-

IN+

Cl Cs

FC

CurrentSource

Schematic Schematic DiagramDiagram

Precision Integrated-CircuitVoltage Regulator UA723

PPrecision recision II ntegratedntegrated--CCircuitircuitVVoltage oltage RRegulatoegulator r UA723UA723

Max 4mAI standby

6,8V-7,5VU reference

150 mAI output max

2V-37VU output

9,5V-40VU input

RangeParameter



ApplicationApplication Basic Basic ParametersParameters

[[SourceSource: : wwwwww..elportalelportal..plpl]]

Schematic Schematic DiagramDiagram



Output

Current Limit

Current Limit

Compensation

+

-

V+

RA

Rsc

Ro

Tc

Td

Te

Ube=0,6V

Iout

ErrorAmplifier

Current Current LimitLimit



BasicBasicLowLow--VoltageVoltage Regulator (VO = 2 V to 7 V)Regulator (VO = 2 V to 7 V)

V+ VcVo

Cl

CsR1

R2

Cref 100pF

R3

Rsc

IN-

FcIN+

Vref

V-

Vin

Vout

723

R2R1

R2R1R3

+•=



V+ VcVo

Cl

Cs

R1

R2100pF

R3

Rsc

IN-

FcIN+

Vref

V-

Vin

Vout

723

BasicBasicHighHigh--VoltageVoltage Regulator (VO = 7 V to 37 V)Regulator (VO = 7 V to 37 V)

R2R1

R2R1R3

+•=



V+ VcVo

Cl

Cs

R1

R2500pF

Rsc

IN-

FcIN+

Vref

V-

Vin

Vout

723

T

High Power PositiveHigh Power Positive--VoltageVoltage Regulator (Regulator (External npnExternal npn PassPassTransistorTransistor))



1 INPUT2 GND3 OUTPUT

1 2 3

140247824

135187818

135157815

135127812

135107810

13597809

13587808

13567806

13557805

Iout max [A]

Uin max [V]

Uout [V]Type

3-Terminal 1 A Positive Voltage Regulator78xx

33--Terminal 1 A Positive Voltage RegulatorTerminal 1 A Positive Voltage Regulator78xx 78xx

ApplicationApplicationBasicBasicParametersParameters

Current Generator

ReferenceVoltage

Error Amplifier

Series Pass Element

SOAProtection

StartingCircuit

Thermal Protection

1 IN 3 OUT

2 GND78xx78xx Block Block DiagramDiagram


33--Terminal 1 A Positive Voltage RegulatorTerminal 1 A Positive Voltage Regulator78xx78xx

78xx1 IN 3 OUT

2 GND330 nF 100 nF

V in V out

78xx78xx-- Typical ApplicationTypical Application



78xx1 IN 3 OUT

2 GND330 nF 100 nF

V in

V out

R1

R2

CircuitCircuit forfor Increasing Output VoltageIncreasing Output Voltage



78xx1 IN3

OUT

2 GND330 nF 100 nF

V in V out

3 Ω

T1

HighHigh--Current VoltageCurrent Voltage RegulatorRegulator



78xx1 IN3

OUT

2 GND330 nF 100 nF

V in

V out

3 Ω

T1

T2

Rsc

High Output Current with ShortHigh Output Current with Short --Circuit ProtectionCircuit Protection





TO92TO92

IomaxIomax=500mA=500mA

TO220TO220

IomaxIomax=1A=1A--3A3A

TO2TO2

IomaxIomax=1A=1A--3A3A

LM78xx LM78xx PacakgesPacakges

HeatsinksHeatsinks



[[SourceSource: http://: http://tmetme..comcom/]/]

1 GND2 INPUT3 OUTPUT

1 2 3

1-40-247924

1-35-187918

1-35-157915

1-35-127912

1-35-107910

1-35-97909

1-35-87908

1-35-67906

1-35-57905

Iout max [A]

Uin max [V]

Uout [V]Type

3-Terminal 1 A Negative Voltage Regulator79xx

33--Terminal 1 A Terminal 1 A NegatNegative Voltage Regulatorive Voltage Regulator79xx79xx

ApplicationApplication BasicBasicParametersParameters

79xx2 IN

3 OUT

1 GND330 nF 100 nF

V in V out

79xx79xx-- Typical ApplicationTypical Application



78151 IN 3 OUT

2 GND330 nF 100 nF

79152 IN

3 OUT

1 GND330 nF 100 nF

20V

-20V -15V

15V

Split Power SupplySplit Power Supply(±15 V (±15 V -- 1 A)1 A)



1 ADJ2 Vin3 Vout

1 2 3

1,31,251,2Vref [V]

1,5I out [A]

371,2V out [V]

maxtypicalminParametr

Three-Terminal Adjustable Regulator- LM117, LM317

ThreeThree--Terminal Adjustable RegulatorTerminal Adjustable Regulator-- LM117, LM117, LM317LM317

ApplicationApplication BasicBasicParametersParameters

INPUT

ADJOUTPUT

Rlimit

Error Amplifier

Vref

Current Limit

LM 117LM 117-- Block Block DiagramDiagram



LM1173 Vin 2 Vout

1 GND

100 nF 1 uFV in V out

R1240

R25k

LM117LM117-- Typical ApplicationTypical Application



1,25V Uref),R1

R2(1 UrefUo =+=

LM1173 Vin 2 Vout

1 GND

100 nF 1 uFV in V out

R1150

R25k

LM113 1,2V

680

-10V

0V0V--30V Regulator30V Regulator



Low Drop-Out Regulator: LDOLow Low DropDrop--Out Out Regulator: LDORegulator: LDO

Uref

Ui

T

-+k

R1

R2

Uo

U UoUi∆U −=

0,5V0,2V U :LDO

2V∆U :Regulator Typical

÷=∆>

LowLow--dropout adjustable and fixed linear voltagedropout adjustable and fixed linear voltageregulator NX1117regulator NX1117


[[SourceSource: : wwwwww..npmnpm..comcom]]

Functional Functional DiagramDiagram

[[SourceSource: pl.: pl.mousermouser..comcom]]

Typical applicationTypical application forfor fixed output voltage versionsfixed output voltage versions


[[SourceSource: : wwwwww..npxnpx..comcom]]

Key applicationsKey applications

-Post regulation for SMPS (Switched Mode Power Supply)

-Consumer and industrial equipment

-Battery charger

-Hard drive controllers

-Core voltage supply: FPGA, PLD, DSP, CPU

-LCD TV

-DVD player

Switching RegulatorsSwitching RegulatorsSwitching Regulators

Linear Linear regulator regulator efficiencesefficiencesis about is about 40%.40%.

The larger the difference between the input and output voltageThe larger the difference between the input and output voltage,, the more the more heat is producedheat is produced..

Even the newEven the newLDOLDO ((lowlow dropdrop--outout)) regulators are still inefficient linear regulators are still inefficient linear regulatorsregulators..

AA switchingswitchingregulatorregulatorworksworksbyby taking small chunks of energytaking small chunks of energy..

Practical switching Practical switching regulator regulator efficiencesefficiencestypically range from typically range from 70%70%--95%.95%.

The highest efiiciency is desired when battery life is criticalThe highest efiiciency is desired when battery life is critical..

The lost power is dissipated The lost power is dissipated as as heatheat..

Switch Low PassFilter

FilterPWM

Controller

ErrorAmplifier Vref

VoVi

Block Block DiagramDiagram


Uin

K

D

L

UL

C

IL Io

Ro oUUt

Low Pass Filter

Ut

tt on t off

SwitchSwitchPWM PWM ControllControll


StepStep--Down Switching Down Switching RegulatorRegulator

Uin D

L

UL

C

IL Io

Ro oU Uin

L

UL

C

IL Io

Ro oU

On On StateState Off StateOff State

t

t

U

I

L

LIL= Io

Uin-Uo

-Uo

t ton off


T

ton

Vin

Vo =

VinT

tonVo =

Uin K

DL

C

IL Io

Ro oUUt

toff

T

Vin

Vo = Vintoff

TVo =

StepStep--Up Switching Up Switching RegulatorRegulator

LM2574 Switching RegulatorLM2574 LM2574 SwitchingSwitching RegulatorRegulator

Output

ON/OFF

GND

GND

Vin

Feed-back


[[SourceSource: : wwwwww..titi ..comcom]]


Typical ApplicationTypical Application



ParametersParameters

--3.3V, 5V, 12V, 15V 3.3V, 5V, 12V, 15V and Adjustable Output Versionand Adjustable Output Version

--Adjustable Output Version Voltage RangeAdjustable Output Version Voltage Range: 1.23V: 1.23V-- 37V37V

--SpecifiedSpecified0.5A 0.5A Output CurrentOutput Current

--Wide Input RangeWide Input Range: 40V: 40V

--52kHz 52kHz Fixed Fraquency Internal OscillatorFixed Fraquency Internal Oscillator

--TTL TTL Shutdown CapabilityShutdown Capability, , Low Power Standby ModeLow Power Standby Mode

--High EfficiencyHigh Efficiency

--Thermal Shutdown and Current Thermal Shutdown and Current Limit Limit ProtectionProtection


At low input voltages efficiency At low input voltages efficiency is degradedis degraded. . Higher inputs make Higher inputs make the fixed loss the fixed loss a a smaller smaller percentagepercentage, , improving improving efficiencyefficiency..

LT1109 Switching RegulatorLT1109LT1109 SwitchingSwitching RegulatorRegulator

[[SourceSource: http://: http://cdscds..linearlinear..comcom/]/]


Typical ApplicationTypical Application

[[SourceSource: http://: http://cdscds..linearlinear..comcom/]/]


ParametersParameters::

Output VoltageOutput Voltage: 5V, 12V, : 5V, 12V, Adjustable VoltageAdjustable Voltage

120kHz 120kHz OscillatorOscillator

1.6V 1.6V Mimimum Mimimum StartStart--Up VlotageUp Vlotage

Logic Controlled ShutdownLogic Controlled Shutdown

Output Current Output Current 100mA (100mA (Output Output 5V), 60mA (5V), 60mA (outputoutput12V)12V)


MC34063 Switching RegulatorMC34063 MC34063 SwitchingSwitching RegulatorRegulator


StepStep--UpUp//DownDown//Inverting SwitchingInverting SwitchingRegulatorRegulator



Inverting Switching Inverting Switching RegulatorRegulator[[SourceSource: : wwwwww..titi ..comcom]]



--Operation from Operation from 3V to 40V 3V to 40V InputInput

--Low Standbay CurrentLow Standbay Current

--Current LimitingCurrent Limiting

--Output Switch Current Output Switch Current to 1,5Ato 1,5A

--Output Voltage AdjustableOutput Voltage Adjustable

--Frequency OperationFrequency Operationto 100kHzto 100kHz

--Precision ReferencePrecision Reference

Functional BlockFunctional Block DiagramDiagram

2A Standard Buck PWM Regulator ISL 85002A Standard Buck PWM Regulator ISL 85002A Standard Buck PWM Regulator ISL 8500

Typical Application SchematicTypical Application Schematic



Standard Standard Buck Controller with Integrated Switching PowerBuck Controller with Integrated Switching PowerMOSFETMOSFET

Integrated Boot DiodeIntegrated Boot Diode

Input Voltage RangeInput Voltage Range:: FixedFixed5V 5V ±±10%10%, , VariableVariable5.5V to 25V5.5V to 25V

PWMPWM Output Voltage Adjustable fromOutput Voltage Adjustable from0.6V to 19V 0.6V to 19V withwith Continuous Output Continuous Output Current upCurrent upto 2Ato 2A

FixedFixed500kHz500kHzSwitching FrequencySwitching Frequency

Output Undervoltage ProtectionOutput Undervoltage Protection

Enable InputsEnable Inputs

Overcurrent ProtectionOvercurrent Protection,, Thermal Overload ProtectionThermal Overload Protection

InternalInternal5V LDO regulator5V LDO regulator


Low Cost Low Cost 3A 3A Switching Switching RegulatorRegulator

LM 317- Switching RegulatorLM 317LM 317-- SwitchingSwitching RegulatorRegulator


UA723- Switching RegulatorUA723UA723-- SwitchingSwitching RegulatorRegulator


78xx- Switching Regulator78xx78xx-- SwitchingSwitching RegulatorRegulator

[[SourceSource: : wwwwww..farichaldsemifarichaldsemi..comcom]]

Documents

Voltage RegulRegulatorsators - home.agh.edu.plhome.agh.edu.pl/~zesmikro/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2013_UE/w… · 723 T High Power Positive -Voltage Regulator ( External npn Pass