Volume 22, Issue 1, 2002

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DDBN Bnusdnvvnp gj vmn Dcu Dh`pcphcbs gj Bnu Nbedcbf Zgd~ln 00$ B~l`np 3$ 0;;0

Bnus BNDDOG cbf Zhpv~cd Pnjnpnbon`x Vpcox D" Vmgl{sgb$ N}no~vhzn Fhpnovgp

Bnu Nbedcbf Dcu Dh`pcpx Ogbsgpvh~l-BNDDOG(

Ndnovpgbho pnjnpnbon$ fhehvcdpnjnpnbon$ dhzn pnjnpnbon$ pnlgvn pnjnpnbon$sxbompgbg~s pnjnpnbon$ omcv pnjnpnbon1 cddgj vmnsn vnpls cpn ~snf vg pnjnp vg pnjnpnbonsnpzhon {pgzhfnf hb cb gbdhbn nbzhpgblnbvhb pncd vhln" Vmn vnplzhpv~cd pnjnpnbonsnnlsvg mczn ugb g~v$ sg H uhdd ~sn hv mnpn jgpshl{dhohvx s scan" @~v hb ~shbe vmhs vnpl$ dnvln jhpsv odcphjx vmcv H {pnjnp vmn fnjhbhvhgb gj zhpv~cd$ umnb c{{dhnf vg vmhs vnombgdgex$ vmcvhs snv jgpvm hb vmn gbdhbn nfhvhgb gj vmn GNF-mvv{9''uuu"gnf"ogl( ~bfnp zhpv~cd$c" -cbfb"(3"c" [gssnssnf gj onpvchb {mxshocd zhpv~nsgp oc{cohvhns1 njjnovhzn hb pns{nov gj hbmnpnbv bcv~pcd ~cdhvhns gp {gunps1 oc{c`dn gj n}npvhbe hbjd~nbon `x lncbs gj s~om

~cdhvhns" H pncdhyn vmn fnjhbhvhgb gphehbcddxhbvnbfnf hs lgpn cahb vg 6"e" Ogl{~vnps" Bgv

{mxshocddx n}hsvhbe cs s~om `~v lcfn `xsgjvucpn vg c{{ncp vg fg sg jpgl vmn {ghbv gj zhnu gj vmn {pgepcl gp vmn ~snp" Vmnjgplnp fnjhbhvhgb$ hj un l~sv ~sn vmn vnplzhpv~cd$ lgpn coo~pcvndx fnsoph`ns vmn ahbfgj snpzhon vmcv un mg{n vg {pgzhfn#

Dcsv s~llnp$ umnb Fhcbn Adch`np

ucs {csshbe vmn BNDDOG vgpom$ smn cbf Hmcf c fhso~sshgb c`g~v vmn pgdn gj zhpv~cdpnjnpnbon uhvmhb vmn ogbsgpvh~l" Cv vmcvvhln$ cdvmg~em H ucs znpx hbvnpnsvnf hb vmhsznmhodn jgp vmn {pgzhshgb gj pnjnpnbon snpzhon$vmn ogbon{v snnlnf svhdd hb hvs hbjcbox cbfvmn hfnc gj c BNDDOG hbhvhcvhzn ucssglnvmhbe vg ann{ hb vmn `coa gj lx lhbf"Cs H necb vg s{nca uhvm dh`pcphcbs cbf dh`pcpxfhpnovgps mgunznp$ hv `nocln odncp vmcv vmnpnucs hbvnpnsv hb cbf bnnf jgp vmn vnombgdgex

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bgu" Cs H f~e fnn{np H pncdhynf vmcv vmhs hs cvnombgdgex umgsn vhln mcs ogln$ cbf lcbxdh`pcphns mczn cdpncfx lcfn n}ohvhbe cbfs~oonssj~d jgpcxs hbvg vmn ugpdf gj zhpv~cdpnjnpnbon" H dncpbnf c epncv fncd c`g~v vmno~ppnbv svcvn gj vmn cpv `x cvvnbfhbe vmn ?pf

Cbb~cd Zhpv~cd Pnjnpnbon Fnsa Ogbjnpnbonhb Gpdcbfg dcsv Bgznl`np" H ug~dfpnogllnbf vmhs ogbjnpnbon vg cbxgbnogbshfnphbe c zhpv~cd pnjnpnbon snpzhon" Vmnbn}v ZPF ogbjnpnbon hs sdcvnf jgp Bgz" 33,30$ 0;;0 hb Omhoceg" Jgp lgpn hbjgplcvhgbc`g~v vmn ogbjnpnbon snn mvv{9''uuu"zpf"gpe"

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xnv nl{dgx og,`pgushbe" Cv vmn gvmnp nbfgj vmn {hov~pn cpn mhemnp,{phonf$ mhem,j~bovhgbhbe sgd~vhgbs dhan Ogbznx _xsvnls-mvv{9''uuu"ogbznxsxsvnls"ogl($ D__H-mvv{9''uuu"dssh"ogl( cbf 06'5 -mvv{9''uuu"065pnj"gpe(" Ncom gj vmnsn mhem,nbfsgd~vhgbs mcs hvs svpnbevms cbf uncabnssns"Cdd gj vmnl ogl`hbn vn}v,`csnf omcv uhvm{cen {~smhbe cbf og,`pgushbe jncv~pns$umhom cddgu pnjnpnbon dh`pcphcbs vg svnnp vmnhpgbdhbn {cvpgbs ogl{~vnps" Ogbznx _xsvnls

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svcen gj fnzndg{lnbv gj vmn vnombgdgex" Cgj vmnsn sgd~vhgbs$ hbod~fhbe vmn jpnnuhbod~fn vpcbsoph{vs gj nznpx pnjnpnsnsshgb scznf hb cb cpomhzn cbf og{hnf vgvmn {cvpgb jgp dcvnp pnjnpnbon" _gln gj vmsgd~vhgbs mczn znpx znpscvhdn pn{gpc{{dhocvhgbs vmcv uhdd cddgu c {pgzhfnp gsnpzhon vg pncddx lhbn vmnhp svcvhsvhos"vmhs fnzndg{lnbv hs mc{{nbhbe znpx ~hoacbf vmn ncpdx hl{dnlnbvnps pncddx mcznmcbf hb fhpnovhbe hvs epguvm"

Umx smg~df dcu dh`pcphns ogbshfvmhs c{{pgcom vg pnjnpnbon7 Undd$ hv

snopnv vmcv g~p ~snps cpn bgv zhshvhb{mxshocd s{con hb vmn b~l`nps un gbon scu"Hbsvncf$ g~p ~snps cpn gjvnb pnlgv

Pnlgvn ~snp hs cbgvmnp vnpl H ~sn uhsgln mnshvcbox$ cbf H ogbo~p ogl{dnvnduhvm Cbb Dh{gu gj Dh`pcpx _gd~vhgHbsvhv~vn cbf [pnss umg schf hb c anxbgcffpnss hb 3888$ pcvmnp vmcb vmhbahbe gj~snps cs pnlgvn$ un smg~df hbsvncpnogebhsn vmcv hv hsun umg cpn pnlgvn jpglg~p ~snps " Un bnnf vg omcben mgu un fg`~shbnss hb s~om c ucx cs vg env ~s `coavgenvmnp"0 -Nl{mcshs cffnf( G~p {cvpgbscpn `noglhbe coo~svglnf vg ugpahbe hb c{mxshocd s{con gj vmnhp gub omggshbe cgb vmnhp gub vhln$ umnvmnp hv s vmnogjjnn smg{ cv >9;; c"l"$ vmnhp fgpl pggl cvlhfbhemv$ gp vmnhp gjjhon gp mgln `nvungvmnp vcsas" Vmnx cpn noglhbe coo~svglnvg {gpvc`dn coonss vg vmn pnsg~pons vbnnf" Vmn dh`pcpx lcx snnl pnsvphovhzn cbogbjhbhbe vg {cvpgbs vgfcx$ cbf vg cb nznepncvnp n}vnbv vg g~p {cvpgbs gj vglgppg

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DDBN Bnus$ Zgd~ln 00$ B~l`np 3$ 0;;0

0

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Hb Nznpx Hss~n

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DDBN Bnus$ Zgd~ln 00$ B~l`np 3$ 0;;0?

NFHVGPHCD @GCPF

Nfhvgps hb Omhnj

Lhomnddn [ncpsnJco~dvx Pnsncpom'Dnecd Hbsvp~ovhgb Dh`pcphcb

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BNDDOG Zhpv~cd Pnjnpnbon Vcsa Jgpon" Un cpn cdsn}ohvnf vg {pnsnbv vmn pns~dvs jpgl g~p pnonbv s~pgj vmn pncfnpsmh{ s hbvnpnsv hb cb ndnovpgbho zngj vmn bnusdnvvnp" Vmcba xg~ cdd jgp xg~p pns{gb

Vmhs hs vmn jhpsv hss~n un mczn {pgf~uhvmg~v Lcphc$ cbf mnp {pnsnbon ucs lgsv fnjhbhvnlhssnf" Un og~df bgv mczn fgbn hv uhvmg~v mngpecbhynf jhdns cbf mnp ogbs~dvcvhgb" Un ucbv vmcba Lcphc jgp mnp xncps gj fnfhocvhgb cbf snpzho_mn uhdd `n sgpndx lhssnf"

Cbxgbn hbvnpnsvnf hb s~`lhvvhbe hvnls jgj~v~pn hss~ns smg~df ogbvcov Igmb [nfh-i{nfhbhKsgohcdcu"ogl( gp Lhomnddn [ncpsn-l"{ncpsnKbn~"nf~("

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jgp mnp csshsvcbon uhvm vmhshss~n#

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6

[PN_HFNBV _ LN__CEN

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i~sv cpg~bf vmn ogpbnp" H cl dggahbe jgpucpf vgvpczndhbe bgpvm hb C{phd vg Bnu Mcl{smhpn vg zhshvvmn Jpcbadhb [hnpon Dcu Onbvnp vg dncpb c`g~vNf~ocvhgb Dcu" I~fx Ehpn cbf mnp svcjj cpn

encphbe ~{ jgp umcv smg~df `n c epncv fcx" _cddx Mgdvnpmgjj uhdd `n g~pzhshvgp jpgl vmn CCDD N}no~vhzn @gcpf" _mn mcs cdpncfx snbv ln cbf I~fxmnp epnnvhbes cbf smn dggas jgpucpf vg lnnvhbe cdd gj xg~ cbf mncphbejpgl xg~ c`g~v mgu CCDD ocb lnnv xg~p bnnfs"

Hb dcvn Icb~cpx$ H lnv uhvm vmn N}no~vhzn @gcpf jgp c fcx gj svpcvneho{dcbbhbe" _~scb _~ddhzcb jpgl @gsvgb Ogddnen Dcu Dh`pcpx ahbfdx mgsvnfg~p epg~{ cbf Lc~pnnb _~ddhzcb ucs g~p jcohdhvcvgp" Un mcf c znpx jp~hvj~dfcx cbf xg~ uhdd `n mncphbe lgpn jpgl ~s c`g~v vmgsn fhso~sshgbs hb vmn

j~v~pn"Cs lx xncp cs [pnshfnbv mcs bgu {cssnf vmn mcdjucx lcpa$ H mcznc{{ghbvnf c Bglhbcvhbe Ogllhvvnn vg {pgzhfn vmn lnl`npsmh{ uhvm c sdcvngj gjjhonps jgp 0;;0,0;;?" Cbbn Covgb$ Bnu Nbedcbf _omggd gj Dcu$ mcscepnnf vg omchp vmn Ogllhvvnn" Ighbhbe mnp cpn Acpnb Lgss$ ^"_" Og~pv gj C{{ncds$ 3sv Ohpo~hv cbf Bcb @cddhgv$ Pgenp Uhddhcls ^bhznpshvx _omggd gj Dcu" H cl epcvnj~d vg vmnl jgp csshsvhbe ~s hb jhbfhbe bnu dncfnpsmh{ jgpDDBN"

Lcphc _na~dc ocddnf ln vmhs unna vg hbjgpl ln vmcv smn ocb bgdgbenp ogbvhb~n mnp ugpa gb vmn DDBN Bnusdnvvnp" Un cpn cdd epcvnj~d jgpcdd vmn vhln cbf nbnpex smn mcs ehznb vg mnd{ lcan vmcv {~`dhocvhgb css~oonssj~d cs hv mcs `nnb vmcbas$ Lcphc#

Cb ncpdx pnlhbfnp vg cdd gj xg~ vmcv un uhdd gbon cechb mczn c ighbvDDBN'_BNDDC d~bomngb cv vmn CCDD cbb~cd lnnvhbe hb Gpdcbfg$ Jdgphfc" Hvuhdd `n gb V~nsfcx$ I~dx 0?" H mg{n vmcv vmgsn gj xg~ umg eg vg Jdgphfc uhdd

ighb ~s jgp d~bom" Hv hs cducxs c bhon ucx vg e~cpcbvnn snnhbe Bnu Nbedcbfjphnbfs cv vmn cbb~cd lnnvhbe"

Jhbcddx$ H ug~df dhan vg uhsm xg~ cdd c {dncscbv s{phbe sncsgb cbf Hdgga jgpucpf vg snnhbe lcbx gj xg~ hb Bnu Mcl{smhpn cv g~p s{phbe lnnvhbe#

Fcpox Ahpa

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DDBN Bnus$ Zgd~ln 00$ B~l`np 3$ 0;;0>

-ogbvhb f jpgl {cen 3(Mgunznp$ vmn bnnf jgp pnjnpnbon csshsvcbonsvhdd n}hsvs$ cbf lcx hb jcov n lcebhjhnf csg~p {cvpgbs svp~eedn vg bczhecvn vmnepguhbe ogp{~s gj ndnovpgbho pnsg~ponsczchdc`dn vg vmnl" Mgu ocb un njjnovhzndx

env ~s coa vgenvmnp 7 Vmn cbsunp snnlsg`zhg~s" Un l~sv eg vg vmnl" Zhpv~cdpnjnpnbon ocb env ~s vmnpn"

Cjvnp c lnnvhbe uhvm vmn BNDDOG Fhpnovgps cbf c s~`sn ~nbvlnnvhbe uhvm vmn BNDDOG PnjnpnbonDhchsgbs dcsv jcdd$ BNDDOG fnohfnf vgvnsv vmn ucvnps" C Zhpv~cd PnjnpnbonVcsa Jgpon ucs nsvc`dhsmnf vghbznsvhecvn vmn hfnc gj cb gbdhbn$ogddc`gpcvhzn dnecd pnjnpnbon snpzhoncbf fnzndg{ c {hdgv {pginov" Vmn VcsaJgpon hs ogl{gsnf gj 3; zgd~bvnnps$ncom pn{pnsnbvhbe c fhjjnpnbv BNDDOGhbsvhv~vhgb" Vmn Vcsa Jgpon mcs lcfnsgln {pgepnss" Cv c lnnvhbe mndf

snznpcd unnas ceg cv vmn Ogbbnovho~vI~fhohcd @pcbom Dh`pcpx hb Lhffdnvgub$OV un cpphznf cv sgln fnohshgbsc`g~v vmn {hdgv" Jhpsv$ un mg{n vgmczn g~p sgjvucpn hb {dcon `x lhf,s~llnp sg vmcv un uhdd mczn cbg{{gpv~bhvx vg vpchb svcjj cbf {pcovhong~p sahdds gb c dhlhvnf `cshs" Vmn j~dd,socdn {hdgv ug~df vmnb `n pgddnf g~vvg g~p {cvpgbs hb gpfnp vg oghbohfnuhvm vmn svcpv gj vmn cocfnlho xncp"Vmn {hdgv ug~df p~b jgp gbn j~ddcocfnlho xncp cbf un ug~df nzcd~cvn vmnsnpzhon hb vmn s{phbe gj 0;;?" Un n}{nov vgnl{dgx c sxsvnl cpomhvnov~pn jgp vmn {hdgvvmcv ug~df snn vmn znbfgp covhbe cs cbc{{dhocvhgb snpzhon {pgzhfnp$ uhvm g~psnpzhon mg~snf gb vmnhp onbvpcdhynf snpznp"Vmhs ug~df lhbhlhyn vmn HV hbzgdznlnbv jgp{cpvhoh{cvhbe BNDDOG lnl`nps cbflc}hlhyn vmn ncsn gj coonss jgp vmgsndh`pcphcbs svcjjhbe vmn snpzhon" Un {dcb vgsvcjj vug sncvs gb vmn snpzhon1 cv cbx vhlng~p snpzhon hs g{npcvhgbcd vug dh`pcphcbs ocb`n gb f~vx cbf snpzhbe {cvpgbs cv vmn scln

vhln" Vmn Vcsa Jgpon mcs snnb c b~l`npgj sgjvucpn sgd~vhgbs vg ogbshfnp" Gbn gj g~p lnl`nps$ _ogvv Lcvmnsgb cv Xcdn$ {~vvgenvmnp c Pcahl,`csnf omcv sgd~vhgb jgp vmnepg~{ vg nzcd~cvn" C pn{pnsnbvcvhzn jpgl06'5 Pnjnpnbon cvvnbfnf g~p Pnjnpnbonlnnvhbe dcsv jcdd cbf fnlgbsvpcvnf vmnhpsgjvucpn" Cv c lnnvhbe gj vmn Vcsa Jgpon cjnu unnas ceg H fnlgbsvpcvnf DhznCsshsvcbon vg vmn epg~{" Cjvnp fhso~sshgbc`g~v umcv un n}{nov g~p bnnfs vg `n hb

vmhs bnu nbzhpgblnbv un omgsn c sgd~vhgbvmcv un vmhba uhdd n vmn `nsv jgp g~p {hdgv" Hcl ugpahbe vg bnegvhcvn sgln jczgpc`dn{phohbe jgp g~p dhlhvnf {hdgv {pginov sg Hugb v pnzncd g~p omghon cv vmhs vhln"

Un fgb v xnv abgu umhom BN DDOG ln l` np s uh dd g{ v vg vc an{cpv hb vmn {hdgv$ `~v hv uhdd `n g{nbjgp {cpvhoh{cvhgb vg vmn nbvhpn

lnl`npsmh{" Lcbx gj vmn fnohshgbsvmcv vmn Vcsa Jgpon bnnfs vg lcancpn omhoanb,cbf,nee omghons" Jgpn}cl{dn$ un fgb v abgu umcv sgpvgj svcjjhbe ogllhvlnbv un uhdd bnnfjpgl {cpvhoh{cvhbe dh`pcphns ~bvhd unsnn mgu lcbx {cpvhoh{cbvs un uhddmczn$ `~v lnl`nps lcx bgv ucbv vgogllhv vg {cpvhoh{cvhgb ~bvhd vmnxabgu umcv vmn svcjjhbe ogllhvlnbvuhdd `n" Un cpn ugpahbe vg sgdznvmnsn phffdns"

Cs uhvm vmn {pgzhshgb gj cbx

bnu snpzhon$ vmnpn cpn g`svcodns" Hbc ogddc`gpcvhzn nbzhpgblnbv vmnpnlcx `n lgpn g`svcodns$ shbonhbfhzhf~cd lhsshgbs zcpx" G~pg`svcodns hbod~fn hss~nss~ppg~bfhbe mg~ps$ svcjjhbe$ snpzhon{gdhohns cbf e~hfndhbns" Un cpn cdd cb}hg~svg gznpogln vmnsn sv~l`dhbe `dgoas cbf{pgzhfn c zhc`dn snpzhon jgp g~p ~snps" Hvmhba un ocb s~oonnf" Un bnnf vg jgo~sgb vmn snpzhon vmcv un mg{n vg {pgzhfnogddc`gpcvhzndx$ pcvmnp vmcb vmn ucxs hbumhom un cpn fhznpsn hbfn{nbfnbvdx" Unbnnf vg oc{hvcdhyn gb vmn jcov vmcv un cpn cdddcu dh`pcphcbs cbf un smcpn c dnznd gj n}{npvhsn" Un bnnf vg pnogebhyn vmn eggfjgpv~bn un nbigx hb mczhbe c {cvpgb `csnuhvm c enbnpcddx mhem dnznd gj ogl{~vnpdhvnpcox1 c epg~{ undd s~hvnf jgp vmhsnbfnczgp" Un bnnf vg ogl{pglhsn cbflgzn jgpucpf" H vmhba g~p {cvpgbs uhdd `n{dncscbvdx s~p{phsnf vg jhbf ~s hbox`nps{con#

-Jggvbgvns(3 _nn$ jgp n}cl{dn$ _~ycbbn Vmgp{n$

Vpnbfs hb Dcu Dh`pcpx [~`dho _npzhons9Mczn Xg~ _nnb Xg~p [cvpgbs Dcvndx7 CCDD_{novp~l $ : -Jn`" 0;;0(9 :"0 Cbb Dh{gu {pgzhfnf vmn anxbgvn cffpnsscv Hbjgplcvhgb Gbdhbn * Gb Fhso 889 Vmn

Bh bv m C~ sv pc dc sh cb Og bj np nb on cb fN}mh`hvhgb" Jgp vmn j~dd vn}v gj mnp ogllnbvs{dncsn snn mvv{9''uuu"os~"nf~"c~'s{nohcd'gbdhbn88'{pgonnfhbes88'0;;"mvl

_gln Un` Pnsg~pons jgp Zhpv~cd Pnjnpnbon

F,Dh` Jgp~l cbf F,Dh` Lcecyhbn$ mvv{9''uuu"fdh`"gpe'

Dhzn Pnjnpnbon -dhsv gj pnsg~pons($mvv{9''uuu,s~d"svcbjgpf"nf~'svcjj'hbjgonbvnp'dhznpnj"mvld

Vmn Vncomhbe Dh`pcphcb -Fhehvcd Pnjnpnbmvv{9''{cens"{pgfhex"bnv'vc`g3'fhepnj"mv

Zhpv~cd Pnjnpnbon$mvv{9''uuu"hdsc"dh`"hc"~zhpv~cdpnj"mvl

Zhpv~cd Pnjnpnbon Fnsa$ Fhehvcd PnjnpnbonPnsg~pons$mvv{9''uuu"zpf"gpe'{~`hbjg'{pgonnfhbes88W`h`"smvld

Un`,@csnf Pnjnpnbon _npzhons -Pn,sg~pons($mvv{9''uuu"l~dvogdh`"gpe'{pgf~ovs'fhepnj'pnsg~pons"mvld

N}cl{dns gj Zhpv~cd Pnjnpnbon [pginovs

_nn enbnpcddx Dhz,PNJ$ C Pnehsvpx gj CddPncd,Vhln Fhehvcd Pnjnpnbon _npzhons$mvv{9''uuu"{~`dho"hcsvcvn"nf~'rOX@NP_VCOA_'DhznPnj"mvl

Ogddc`gpcvhzn Fhehvcd Pnjnpnbon$mvv{9''uuu"dgo"egz'pp'fhehpnj'

Hl{dnlnbvhbe Pncd,Vhln Pnjnpnbon$ Vmn^ODC [pginov -{gunp {ghbv sdhfns czchd,c`dn($mvv{9''uuu"dh`pcpx"~odc"nf~'dh`pcphns'ogddnen'fhepnj'ZPF0;;3"{fj

Hbvnpcovhzn Pnjnpnbon [pginov -Vnl{dn^bhznpshvx($mvv{9''uuu"dh`pcpx"vnl{dn"nf~pnj'hbvnpcovpnj"mvld

Pn{gpv gb P6P [pginov$ mvv{9''uuu"dhs"~h~o"nf~'r`,sdgcb'p6p"jhbcd"mvl

06'5 Pnjnpnbon$ mvv{9''uuu"065pnj"gpe'-@gsvgb [~`dho Dh`pcpx {cpv gj {pginov$mvv{9''uuu"065pnj"gpe'{gpvcd'coonss?"ojl7dh`

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:

Gb Fnonl`np >$ 0;;3$ vmn@gsvgb Dh`pcpx Ogbsgpvh~l gjjnpnf cugpasmg{ gb zhpv~cd pnjnpnbon" C b~l,`np gj s{ncanps vg~omnf gb vmn vg{hogj vmn nzgd~vhgb gj vmn bnnf jgp zhpv~cd

pnjnpnbon snpzhon" Umhdn {cvpgbs cpneghbe vg vmn un` jgp vmnhp pnsncpom~nsvhgbs$ vmnx cpn hbopncshbedx jp~s,

vpcvnf$ nhvmnp jhbfhbe vgg l~om hbjgp,lcvhgb uhvm vgg dhvvdn ucdhvx o~ns vg`n lncbhbej~d$ gp bgv jhbfhbe vmn s{n,ohjho hbjgplcvhgb vmnx pncddx ucbv"Vmnx vmnb ucbv mnd{ umnpn vmnx egvsv~oa$ umhom hs gb vmn un`" Un$ csdh`pcphcbs$ bnnf vg jhbf vmn {cvpgbsumnpn vmnx fg vmnhp pnsncpom$ cbf vmcvlncbs un bnnf vg jhbf vmnl$ gp pcvmnpmczn vmnl jhbf ~s$ gb vmn un`"

_{ncanps jpgl c zcphnvx gj dh,`pcphns smcpnf vmnhp n}{nphnbons" Hs,s~ns fhso~ssnf hbod~fnf {dcbbhbe jgp$svcjjhbe$ lcpanvhbe cbf nzcd~cvhbe zhp,v~cd pnjnpnbon snpzhon" Cdd vmn dh`pcp,hcbs umg {pnsnbvnf unpn znpx nbvm~,shcsvho c`g~v vmhs snpzhon" Vmnx cdsgoc~vhgbnf vmcv sgln {ng{dn cpn bgv$cbf vmcv vmhs vx{n gj hbvnpcovhgb fgnsbgv ogln bcv~pcddx$ cbf dh`pcphcbs bnnfn}vnbshzn vpchbhbe vg `n c`dn vg {pg,zhfn zhpv~cd pnjnpnbon snpzhon" Ugpa,smg{ cvvnbfnns unpn cdsg c`dn vg zhnu fnlgbsvpcvhgbs gj zcphg~s sgjvucpn{pgf~ovs vmcv og~df `n ~snf jgp c zhp,v~cd pnjnpnbon {pginov"

Acvmn Ogddhbs gj vmn Hddhbghs_vcvn ^bhznpshvx Dh`pcpx hb Bgplcd$ Hd,dhbghs fhso~ssnf vmn Pncfx jgp Pnjnp,nbon - P6P ( [pginov umnpn nhemv Hddh,bghs cocfnlho dh`pcphns mczn {cpvbnpnfvg {pgzhfn fhehvcd pnjnpnbon snpzhon vg{cvpgbs" Dh`pcpx _xsvnls cbf _np,zhons$ Hbo" -D__H( s~{{dhns vmn sgjvucpnjgp vmn {pginov cbf {pgzhfns `coa ~{cjvnp mg~ps cbf f~phbe vhlns gj {nca~sn" [pginov dhchsgbs oggpfhbcvn co,vhzhvhns uhvm vmnhp pns{novhzn dh`pcphns"[phgphvx jgp vmn snpzhon hs n}vnbfnf vgvmgsn cjjhdhcvnf uhvm vmn = hbsvhv~vhgbs$vmnb vg vmgsn cv gvmnp dh`pcphns hb vmnhpCddhcbon _xsvnl$ jgddgunf `x Hddhbghscbf bgb,Hddhbghs pnshfnbvs cs {gssh`dn"Hb nzcd~cvhbe vmn sxsvnl$ vmnx jg~bfvmcv unnafcxs unpn `~shnsv cbf vmcvC{phd ucs vmn `~shnsv lgbvm$ uhvm vmn

Un mncp c`g~v nf~ocvhgb dcu hs,s~ns hb vmn bnus nznpx fcx" _glnvhlns unmncp c`g~v cb hss~n vmn "_" _~{pnln Og~phs fnohfhbe$ s~om cs umnvmnp vmn ~snzg~omnps vg j~bf {cpgomhcd somggds hs c zhdcvhgb gj vmn sn{cpcvhgb gj om~pom cbf svsglnvhlns un mncp c`g~v c svcvn gp dgocdhss~n pnecpfhbe n ~cdhvx gj nf~ocvhgb cbmgu hv uhdd n j~bfnf -g~p jczgphvn vg{ho g

fhso~sshgb hb Bnu Mcl{smhpn#( ^s~cddx hhs ogbvpgznpshcd" Hs hv sn}~cd mcpcssumnb c sh} xncp gdf ahbfnpecpvnbnp ahssnmhs jnlcdn odcsslcvn7 Mgu ocb vmn jnfnpcdegznpblnbv lcbfcvn somggds vg j~pbhsms{nohcd nf~ocvhgb {pgepcls uhvmg~v {pgzhfhbe j~bfhbe7 Mgu ocb un ugpa vg {pnznbvsomggd zhgdnbon7 Umcv dnecd phemvs f

xg~p somggd omhdf mczn cechbsv `~ddxhHs vmn somggd dhc`dn jgp hbi~phns7 Umcvgj jhpsv clnbflnbv cbf {phzcox phemvs fg

lnfhcb ~nsvhgb dcsvhbe c dhvvdn gznp3? lhb~vns" _mn jg~bf vmcv vmn anxhbepnfhnbvs snnl vg `n svc`dn sgjv,ucpn$ gbeghbe vpchbhbe cbf 0,? mg~ps{np dh`pcpx {np unna" _nn mvv{9''

u u u " c d d h c b o n d h ` p c p x s x s v n l " o g l 'pncfx jgp lgpn hbjgplcvhgb" Vmn jh,bcd pn{gpv gb vmn P6P {pginov hs czchd,c`dn cv mvv{9''uuu"dhs"~h~o"nf~'r`,sdgcb'p6p"jhbcd"mvlcbf hbod~fns c dgegj ~nsvhgbs gj cov~cd ~nsvhgbs{gsnf `x ~snps f~phbe vmn `~shnsv vug,unna {nphgf gj vmn {hdgv {pginov"

C {cbnd fhso~sshgb lgfnp,cvnf `x _vnzn Ogjjlcb jgddgunf"_vnzn lnbvhgbnf vmcv vmn ogsv gj vmnsgjvucpn zcphns epncvdx" Mn lnbvhgbnfjpnn g{vhgbs s~om cs CGD Hbsvcbv Lns,snbenp$ cs undd cs c dgunp,{phonf g{,vhgb ocddnf Dhzn [npsgb" Mn fhs,o~ssnf mgu sgln sgjvucpn cddgusgbn vg vcan {cvpgbs vmpg~em fcvc`csnsvg smgu c sncpom$ `~v pnlcpanf gbvmn {pg`dnls vmcv lhemv cphsn uhvmc~vmnbvhocvhbe {cvpgbs"

Icbc _lhvm Pgbcb gj vmn ^bh,znpshvx gj Jdgphfc s Pnjnpnbon N}{pnss-mvv{9''pnjn}{pnss"~jdh`"~jd"nf~( vmnbfhso~ssnf svcjjhbe hss~ns vmcv cphsn hb{pgzhfhbe s~om snpzhons" Hss~ns hb,od~fn {npsgbbnd$ umcv mg~ps vg {pg,zhfn$ vpchbhbe$ somnf~dhbe cbf ogll~,bhocvhgb" _mn s~eensvnf ogbs~dvhben,lchd ~scen$ un`shvn gp fcvc`csn~scen cbf svcjj czchdc`hdhvx umnb fn,vnplhbhbe umcv mg~ps vg {pgzhfn" _mncdsg s~eensvnf vmn {gssh`hdhvx gj g~vsg~pohbe f~phbe ~b{g{~dcp mg~ps"Jgp somnf~dhbe$ smn s~eensvnf snvvhbec snlnsvnp somnf~dn uhvm dh`pcphcbs`nhbe pns{gbsh`dn jgp pn{dconlnbvs$umhdn czghfhbe somnf~dhbe omcv sns,shgbs `coa vg `coa uhvm pnjnpnbon

fnsa mg~ps" _h}vx,vmpnn {nponbv gj vmnhp ~snps dncpbnf c`g~v vmn snpzhonvmpg~em vmnhp un`shvn" Dh`pcphcbs cpnc`dn vg ugpa jpgl mgln umnb {pgzhf,hbe vmn snpzhon cbf dcoa gj pnsg~ponsjgp s~om cb cppcbenlnbv mcs bgv `nnbcb hss~n"

_cpcm Unbynd gj LHV vmnb fhs,o~ssnf {~`dhohvx cbf lcpanvhbe" _mnsvpnssnf vmn bnnf jgp lcpanvhbe fheh,vcd pnjnpnbon snpzhon uhvm gvmnp pnjnp,

@gsvgb Dh`pcpx Ogbsgpvh~l Gjjnps Ugpasmg{ gb Zhpv~c d Pn jnpnbon@x Igcb _mncp$ @gsvgb Ogddnen Dh`pcpx cbf Lhomnddn [ncpsn$ Bgpvmncsvnpb ^bhznpshvx Dcu _omggd Dh`pcpx

nbon snpzhons cbf vmn nbvhpn dh`p_mn svpnssnf vmn hl{gpvcbv gj snpzh

~cdhvx$ pnv~pbhbe o~svglnps cbf uggj lg~vm$ uhvm vmn eggf o~svglnsnpzhon `nhbe hbvnpbcd lcpanvhbe" _

svpnssnf vmn bnnf vg vmhba lcpahbe -lcpanvhbe c~fhvs$ n,lchd svcvs cbn}{cbfhbe {~`dhohvx($ lcbcehbe vnombgdgex cbf nzcd~cvhbe snpzhons"

Vmn @gsvgb [~`dho Dh`pcpxLcpvc [cpfnn,Ahbe vmnb fhso~ssnf vmdh`pcpx s {cpvhoh{cvhgb hb 06'5 Pnnbon cbf fnlgbsvpcvnf mgu vmnsgjucpn vmnx ~sn ugpas" Jgp lgpnhbjgplcvhgb c`g~v vmhs {pginov$ smvv{9''uuu"065pnj"gpe' jgp enbnpcd hbjgplcvhgb c`g~v vmn {pginov"

Icbn _vnucpv gj vmn ^bhznpshgj Lcsscom~snvvs,@gsvgb upc{{nf ~{$pnlcpahbe gb vmn bnnf vg smcpn g~ogllgb pnsg~pons cbf vg smgu vmndh`pcpx cs c ~snj~d hbsvhv~vhgb"

NF^OCVHGB DCU H_VMN JGO^_ JGP VMN_[PHBE$ 0;;0 DDBNLNNVHBE`x Oxbvmhc Dcbfc~$ CsshsvcbvDcu Dh`pcphcb cbf [pgjnssgp gj Dcu$ Jpcbadhb [hnpon Dcu Onbvnp

-ogbvhb f gb {cen 5(

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hss~ns uhvmhb nf~ocvhgb dcu" Hb mnp {pnsnb,vcvhgb vg DDBN smn uhdd {pgzhfn cb gznpzhnu gj vmn jhndf nbvhvdnf _~{pnlns hb vmn _omggd,mg~sn $ fhso~sshbe pnonbv ^"_" _~{pnlnOg~pv covhzhvx pndcvnf vg nf~ocvhgb cbf uhdd{pgzhfn mnp {nps{novhzn cs cb nf~ocvgp cbfogbjnpnbon gpecbhynp" Vmnb un uhdd mncp jpglLp" Vmngfgpn Oglsvgoa$ Ns "$ umg mcs mcfc ocpnnp cs cb cvvgpbnx jgp vmn B"M" _omggd

@gcpf Cssgohcvhgb" Mn uhdd {pgzhfn cbgvmnp{nps{novhzn `x fnsoph`hbe mhs ugpa uhvmhbvmn somggd cflhbhsvpcvhzn svp~ov~pn$ jgo~s,hbe ns{nohcddx gb dc`gp cbf nl{dgxlnbv hs,s~ns"

Vmn lgpn hb,fn{vm {pgepclscpn jgo~snf gb vug cpncs umnpn vmnpnmcs `nnb l~om pnonbv dnecd covhzhvxcpg~bf vmn og~bvpx cbf pn{pnsnbvlcigp cpncs gj omcben hb vmn jhndf gj nf~ocvhgb dcu" Gbn gj vmn hb,fn{vm{pgepcls hs nbvhvdnf Nf~ocvhgb J~bf,hbe Dhvhecvhgb9 Bnu Mcl{smhpn cbf

Copgss vmn Bcvhgb cbf uhdd ogznp hs,s~ns cpg~bf vmn nf~ocvhgbcd j~bfhbecbf nf~ocvhgb n ~hvx fn`cvn" Un mcznvug {pnsnbvnps umg mczn `nnb gb vmnjgpnjpgbv gj vmhs lgznlnbv" Lp" Cbfp~Zgdhbsax$ Ns "$ c {phzcvn {pcovhvhgbnp$cbf Ls" Cbbn Nfucpfs$ Ns "$ jpgl vmn

Bn u Mcl{ smhp n Cvvg pb nx Enbn pc d sGjjhon$ mczn `nnb vmn dncf cvvgpbnxshbzgdznf gb g{{gshbe shfns gj vmhs hs,s~n hb vmnOdcpnlgbv ocsns$ umnpn

Bnu Mcl{smhpn s `cvvdn gb nf~ocvhgbj~bfhbe hs svhdd `nhbe jg~emv" Vmns{ncanps uhdd fhso~ss vmhs lgznlnbvbgv gbdx jpgl vmn Bnu Mcl{smhpn {np,s{novhzn$ `~v uhdd cdsg {pgzhfn cb gznp,zhnu gj hvs svcv~s hb gvmnp svcvnscpg~bf vmn og~bvpx"

G~p jhbcd hb,fn{vm {pgepcl jg,o~sns gb nf~ocvhgb dcu hb vmn fhehvcdnbzhpgblnbv" [pgjnssgp Igb Ecpgb gj Jpcbadhb [hnpon Dcu Onbvnp uhdd s{ncac`g~v c zcphnvx gj hbvnddnov~cd {pg{npvxhss~ns pndcvnf vg fhsvcbon dncpbhbe$hbod~fhbe og{xphemv cbf jchp ~sn" [pg,jnssgp _~scb Phomnx$ cdsg gj Jpcbadhb[hnpon Dcu Onbvnp$ uhdd fhso~ss c zcph,nvx gj cffhvhgbcd$ bgb,hbvnddnov~cd {pg{,npvx hss~ns pndcvnf vg vmn fhehvcd nbzhpgblnbvcbf fhsvcbon dncpbhbe$ hbod~fhbe {phzcox cbfjhpsv clnbflnbv phemvs gj sv~fnbvs cbf vncom,nps"

F~phbe vmn d~bomngb pnca$ FcpoxAhpa$ Dcu Dh`pcpx Fhpnovgp cbf [pgjnssgp gj Dcu cv vmn bhznpshvx gj Ogbbnovho~v _omggdgj Dcu Dh`pcpx$ uhdd {pnshfn cv vmn DDBN @~sh,

bnss Lnnvhbe$ cbf s{nohcd e~nsv _cddMgdvnpmgjj$ jpgl vmn Zcd{cpchsg _omggdDcu Dh`pcpx$ uhdd n pn{pnsnbvhbe vmn CCN}no~vhzn @gcpf" Cjvnp vmn {pgepcls$ [pjnssgp _cpcm Pnfjhndf uhdd gjjnp c fhsvcbodncpbhbe fnlgbsvpcvhgb cbf vmn dh`pcpx svuhdd {pgzhfn dh`pcpx vg~ps" Vmpg~emg~fcx s covhzhvhns un uhdd n vpxhbe vg opncvc{{pg{phcvn nbzhpgblnbv vg mnd{ xg~ pnlnl,

`np vmn jnndhbe gj nhbe cv somggd$ vg nbmc xg~p ~bfnpsvcbfhbe gj nf~ocvhgb dcu x mnd{hbe xg~ pnechb vmn {nps{novhzn gj mgu hv vg `n c sv~fnbv"

Lgpn hbjgplcvhgb c`g~v vmnlnnvhbe cbf vmn s{ncanps hs czchdc`dcv vmn un` shvn$ mvv{9''uuu"j{do"nfdh`pcpx'ddbn"mvl"

Pnehsvpcvhgb lcvnphcds jgp vmn lnnvhmczn `nnb lchdnf" Hj xg~ bnnf c pne,hsvpcvhgb {coanv gp lgpn hbjgplcvhgb{dncsn ocdd -:;?( 00=,3>63$ cbf

s{nca uhvm Pg`npvc Uggfs cv n}vnb,shgb 3388 gp Ohbfx Dcbfc~ cv n}vnbshgb 33?0" Gp xg~ og~df nlchd nhvmngj vmnl cv puggfsK{hnpondcu"nf~ gpodcbfc~K{hnpondcu"nf~" Un mg{n xg~uhdd `n c`dn vg ighb ~s jgp umcv smg~{pgzn vg `n c znpx hbvnpnsvhbe cbvhlndx {pgepcl$ cs undd cs {pgzhfhbec epncv omcbon jgp xg~ vg ogbbnov uhgvmnp DDBN lnl`nps"

somggd omhdfpnb mczn7 Umcv c`g~v vmn fheh,vcd somggd nbzhpgblnbv7 Hs hv GA jgp somggdcbf {~`dho dh`pcphns vg hbsvcdd jhdvnphbe sgjv,ucpn vg dgoa n}{dhohv Hbvnpbnv shvns jpgl vmnhp

xg~be {cvpgbs7 Mgu mcs vmn Omhdfpnb sHbvnpbnv [pgvnovhgb Cov omcbenf vmn sonbn7Umcv c`g~v vmn hbopncshbe ~sn gj fhsvcbondncpbhbe x ~bhznpshvhns7 Mgu fgns fhsvcbondncpbhbe ugpa7 Umcv og{xphemv cbf gubnp,

smh{ hss~ns fgns vmhs bnu lnvmgf gj fndhz,nphbe nf~ocvhgb pchsn7Jpcbadhb [hnpon Dcu Onbvnp hs

mgsvhbe vmn _{phbe$ 0;;0 DDBN Lnnv,hbe$ cbf g~p {pgepcl jgo~s hs nf~oc,vhgb dcu" Vmn lnnvhbe$ umhom uhdd `nmndf gb Jphfcx$ C{phd 0:vm cv vmn Dcu Onbvnp hb Ogbogpf$ Bnu Mcl{smhpn$hs ocddnf _dhohbe vmn C{{dn9 O~ppnbvVg{hos hb Nf~ocvhgb Dcu " -Cdsg$ hbogbi~bovhgb uhvm vmn DDBN lnnvhbe$ c

BNDDOG fhpn ov gps ln nvhb e uh dd `nmndf cv [hnpon Dcu svcpvhbe cv 3;9;;

CL gb Vm~psfcx$ C{phd 0>vm

(" G~pDDBN {pgepclhbe egcd hs vg snbshvhyncvvnbfnns vg c uhfn zcphnvx gj hss~ns$cbf vg mhemdhemv vpnbfs cbf mgv vg{hoshb vmn jhndf gj nf~ocvhgb dcu" Un uhddmczn vug {nps{novhzns {pgepcls vg{pgzhfn gznpzhnus1 vmnb un mczn vuglgpn {pgepcls {pgzhfhbe lgpn fn{vmhb vmn lgsv pc{hfdx omcbehbe cpncs gj nf~ocvhgb dcu9 nf~ocvhgbcd j~bfhbe$cbf nf~ocvhgb hss~ns uhvmhb vmn fheh,vcd nbzhpgblnbv"

Un uhdd jhpsv mncp jpgl [pgjns,sgp _cpcm Pnfjhndf$ umg vncomns snz,npcd nf~ocvhgb dcu og~psns cv Jpcbadhb[hnpon Dcu Onbvnp" [pgjnssgp Pnfjhndfmcs `nnb g~p {hgbnnp hb fnzndg{hbeog~psns hb vmn fhsvcbon nf~ocvhgb lnfh~l"_mn mcs cdsg$ jgp vmn {csv vnb xncps$ {dcbbnfcbf mndf c lcigp cbb~cd ogbjnpnbon$ vmn Nf~,ocvhgb Dcu Hbsvhv~vn$ gjjnphbe {pgepcls umhommczn ehznb pgcf ogznpcen vg lcbx o~ppnbv

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=

HJDC [pgepcl,Lhffdnsn} Dcu Dh`pcpx@x _cbfpc DhbfmnhlnpMncf Dcu Dh`pcphcb

Lhffdnsn} Dcu Dh`pcpx

)Vmhs cpvhodn ucs hbcfznpvnbvdx glhvvnf jpgl g~p dcsv hss~nsnphns gb {cpvhoh{cvhgb hb vmn C~e~sv 0;;3 HJDC Ogbjnpnpnbo

mndf hb @gsvgb$ Lcsscom~snvvs" G~p c{gdgehns vg vmn c~vmgp vmn glhsshgb"

Vmn Lhffdnsn} Dcu Dh`pcpx -Vphcd Og~pv gj Lcsscom~snvvs Dcu Dh`pcphns( s{gbsgpnf c {pgepcl jgp vmn HJD_novhgb gb Egznpblnbv Dh`pcphns gb C~e" 0?$ 0;;3 cs{cpv gj vmn :5vm Enbnpcd Ogbjnpnbon gj HJDC -HbvnpbcvhgJnfnpcvhgb gj Dh`pcpx Cssgohcvhgbs cbf Hbsvhv~vhgbs(" {pgepcl ucs mndf cv vmn Lhffdnsn} Og~pvmg~sn hb Ocl,`phfen"

Vmn {pgepcl ucs vhvdnf9 _vpcvnehns jgp Pnogebvhgb9 Mgu vg [pglgvn Egznpblnbv Dh`pcpx _npzhons" Egz,npblnbv dh`pcphns cpn gjvnb svp~eedhbe mcpf vg env c{{

{phcvn pnogebhvhgb" HV$ ogg{npcvhgb uhvm gvmnp ~bhvhns cbf bnu lncbs jgp o~svglnp pndcvhgbs cpn sgln ucxsvg omcben vmn hlcen cbf svcv~s"

Vmhs ucs vp~dx cb hbvnpbcvhgbcd {pgepcl" _{nnps ocln jpgl Dgbfgb$ Mndshbah$ Anbxc$ _vgoamgdl$ Fnb,znp cbf @gsvgb" Cvvnbfnns pn{pnsnbvnf vmn jgddguhbeog~bvphns9 Ocbcfc$ Nsvgbhc$ Jhbdcbf$ Hondcbf$ Bgpucx$ v~ecd$ P~sshc$ _dgznbhc$ _unfnb$ vmn ^bhvnf Ahbefgl cbvmn ^bhvnf _vcvns"

Cs vmn {pgepcl ~bjgdfnf$ hv `nocln odncp vmcv d`pcphcbs vmn ugpdf gznp mcf shlhdcp hss~ns cbf unpn ugpahbe gb bgznd c{{pgcomns vg sgdzn sgln gj vmnsn hss~ns

Cjvnp vmn {pgepcl$ vmn cvvnbfnns vg~pnf Lhffdnsn} Dcu Dh`pcpx" Hb enbnpcd$ vmnx unpn znpx h{pnssnf `x vmn jpnnfgl gj coonss jgp vmn {~`dho vg g~pogddnovhgb cbf zcphg~s dnecd fcvc`csns"

Cs c dh`pcphcb jgp 0> xncps$ H ug~df mczn vg svmcv vmhs {pgepcl ucs gbn gj vmn lgsv n}ohvhbe nznbvsmczn {npsgbcddx `nnb hbzgdznf uhvm"

DDBN _hvnsnnhbe Bnu Un`shvn Pnzhnu Ogd~lb

Mczn xg~ pnonbvdx jg~bf c epncv un` shvn vmcv xg~ ug~ddhan vg smcpn uhvm xg~p ogddnce~ns7 DDBN Bnus hs svcpvhc bnu ogd~lb umnpn xg~ ocb s~`lhv smgpv pnzhnus gj

xg~p jczgphvn bnu -gp bnu vg xg~( un`shvn" Pnzhnus fncd,hbe uhvm cbx s~`inov cpnc cpn undogln" Vmnx og~df `jgp ugpa gp jgp j~b# _hl{dx fhso~ss vmn `csho ndnlnbvsgj vmn un`shvn$ mgu xg~ mczn jg~bf hv ~snj~d$ cbf umx xg~ cpn hl{pnssnf x hv" [dncsn n,lchd cdd ogbvph`~vhgbs vg Lhomnddn [ncpsl"{ncpsnKbn~"nf~"

Jcpnundd vg LcphcLcphc _na~dc$ vmn dcxg~v nfhvgp gj vmn DDBN Bnus,

dnvvnp$ mcs fnohfnf vmcv smn mcs fnshebnf mnp dcsv bnus,dnvvnp" _mn snbv cdgbe vmn jgddguhbe bgvn 9

Cs xg~ cpn bgu cucpn$ H mczn svn{{nf fgub csdcxg~v nfhvgp jgp DDBN Bnus cs gj vmn dcsv hss~n" Pnvhpn,lnbv mcs `pg~emv fhjjnpnbv {phgphvhns cbf sgln bnu znb,v~pns cbf$ vg vndd vmn vp~vm$ H dgzn `nhbe c`dn vg dcx cpg~bfcbf fg bgvmhbeumnbnznp H ucbv"

H mczn cd,ucxs `nnb c s~{,{gpvnp gj c bnus,dnvvnp jgp DDBNcbf H mczn vmgp,g~emdx nbigxnf`nhbe covhzndx hb,zgdznf hb hvs {pg,f~ovhgb gznp vmndcsv jnu xncps" Hvmcs fnzndg{nf

hbvg gbn gj vmn`nsv hb vmn og~b,vpx vmpg~em vmnugpa gj hvs fnfh,ocvnf nfhvgps cbf svcjj" H dgga jgpucpf vg hvs ogbvhb~hben}hsvnbon hb {c{np gp hb umcvnznp bnu cbf ugbfnpj~d jgp,lcvs lcx `n gb vmn mgphygb" Vmcba xg~ cdd jpgl lx mncpv"

Bnu Dcxg~v Nfhvgps

Uhvm Lcphc s fn{cpv~pn$ _~n Fphsag cbf

Fhcbn L~pdnx$ `gvm gj Bgpvmncsvnpb ^bh,znpshvx _omggd gj Dcu Dh`pcpx$ mczn ahbfdxcepnnf vg css~ln f~vhns cs og,dcxg~v nfh,vgps" @gvm cpn jgplnp DDBN nfhvgps cbfuhdd nehb vmnhp {gshvhgbs uhvm vmn bn}v hss~n"

Cffhvhgbcd Bnusdnvvnp

Hbjgplcvhgb Bgu Czchdc`dn gbvmn DDBN Un`shvn

Vmn bnusdnvvnp mcs cffnf c epncv fncd gj bnusdnvvnphbjgplcvhgb gb vmn DDBN un`shvn$ hbod~fhbe ~{oglhbefncfdhbns cbf ogbvcov hbjgplcvhgb" [dncsn omnoa hv g~v cvmvv{9''uuu"ccddbnv"gpe'omc{vnp'ddbn'bnusdvp"mvl" Hj xg~mczn cbx ogllnbvs gp s~eensvhgbs jgp vmn {cen$ {dncsn

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Nznp vcanb {cpv hb vmn Ucda jgp M~benp7 Nznpvmg~emv c`g~v hv7 Undd$ hj sg$ vmhs hs vmn xncp jgp xg~#[dncsn ighb DDBN cs un Ucda jgp M~benp vgenvmnp# Vmhs hsvmn bnudx jgplnf DDBN _npzhon Ogllhvvnn s hbc~e~pcdnznbv$ cbf un cpn mg{hbe jgp c epncv v~pbg~v"

Vmn Ucda jgp M~benp hs cb cbb~cd omcphvx ucda gj 0; lhdns -fgb v ugppx$ xg~ bnnf bgv ogl{dnvn vmn umgdnucda , vmnpn cpn sm~vvdn `~sns czchdc`dn( umhom pchsnslhddhgbs ncom xncp vg j~bf [pginov @pncf s lcbx covhzh,vhns vg nbf m~benp hb Lcsscom~snvvs" Cdd xg~ mczn vg fgvg s~{{gpv vmhs ugpvmx oc~sn hs ogddnov s{gbsgp {dnfenscbf env pncfx jgp c epncv fcx gj n}npohsn hb vmn `nc~vhj~ds{phbe uncvmnp uhvm xg~p jphnbfs jpgl DDBN" Cs cbxgbnumg mcs ogl{dnvnf vmn Ucda abgus$ hv hs cb hbs{hphbe cbf~{dhjvhbe fcx" Dhzn l~sho$ sbcoas$ ucvnp cbf lgpn cpn cdd{pgzhfnf cdgbe vmn pg~vn" DDBN s gub Lhomnddn [ncpsn$_npzhon Ogllhvvnn lnl`np cbf c znvnpcb gj vmn Ucda$uhdd hbs{hpn cbf dncf xg~ vmpg~em cdd 0; lhdns"

Mg{n vg snn xg~ vmnpn gb Lcx >#Jgp lgpn hbjgplcvhgb c`g~v vmn Ucda gp [pginov

@pncf$ {dncsn snn9 mvv{9''uuu"{pginov`pncf"gpe'Ucda'ucda"mvld"

Hj xg~ ug~df dhan vg sheb ~{ gp ug~df dhan lgpnhbjgplcvhgb$ {dncsn n,lchd _vn{mcbhn @~pan$ Omchp$ _np,zhon Ogllhvvnn cv si`~panK`~"nf~"

UMCV _ MC[[NBHBE CV LNL@NP_ DH@PCPHN_

LC__COM^_NVV_

Lcss co m~ sn vvs Vphcd Og ~p v Dh `p cp hn sVmn jgddguhbe Vphcd Og~pv Dh`pcpx -VODD( svcjj lnl`npmczn cbbg~bonf vmnhp pnvhpnlnbvs hb 0;;09Dghs Acbn

$ Mncf Dcu Dh`pcphcb$ Jcdd Phznp Dcu Dh`pcpxLcpecpnvmc @hpabns $ Mncf Dcu Dh`pcphcb$ Bnu @nfjgpDcu Dh`pcpxFgp`x Vmglcs $ Dcu Dh`pcpx Csshsvcbv$ Ugponsvnp DDh`pcpxLcpecpnv A~pvhecb $ O~svgfhcb" Ugponsvnp Dcu Dh`pcpUn uhsm vmnl cdd undd uhvm vmnhp pnvhpnlnbv {dcbsvmcba vmnl jgp lcbx xncps gj {~`dho snpzhon vg vmn VODD

@cp`cpc Jndd Igmbsgb $ Mncf Dcu Dh`pcphcb$ Mcl{smhpDcu Dh`pcpx$ pnonbvdx pnonhznf vmn Mcl{smhpn Og~bvx Cssgohcvhgb s _n}hvm Cbb~cd Ogbvph`~vhgb vg I~sCucpf" Vmhs cucpf hs ehznb `x vmn @cp Cssgohcvhgb

c{{pnohcvhgb vg c i~svhon sxsvnl nl{dgxnn jgp n}vpnjjgpvs cbf vmg~emvj~dbnss hb vmnhp snpzOgbepcv~dcvhgbs$ @cp`cpc gb c undd,fnsnpznf mgbgp"

Bg pv mnc sv npb Pno nh zns Ep cb v vg Fn znd g{Un` V~vgphcds gb Dnecd PnsncpomVmn Bgpvmncsvnpb ^bhznpshvx Dcu _omggd Dh`pcpx pnonpnonhznf c Vncomhbe uhvm Vnombgdgex J~bf epcbv jpgvmn ~bhznpshvx vg fnzndg{ un`,`csnf dnecd pnsncpom v~phcds" Cdvmg~em vmnsn v~vgphcds uhdd `n fnshebnf jg`x Bgpvmncsvnpb ^bhznpshvx cjjhdhcvns$ vmn dh`pcpx {dlcan vmnl coonssh`dn vg vmn {~`dho cv dcpen"

Ocddhbe cdd Ucdanps# DDBN _npzhon Ogllhvvnn s Hbc~e~pcd Nznbv

BNU NBEDCBF

DCU DH@PCPX

OGB_GPVH^L

BGVN_ JPGL BNDDOG@x Vpcox D" Vmgl{sgbN}no~vhzn Fhpnovgpvpcox"vmgl{sgbKxcdn"nf~"0;?,6?0,5?53

BNDDOG Bnus

_mcpgb Mcl`x G Ogbbgp$ sdcvnf vg `nehb c vug,xncp vnplcs [pnshfnbv gj BNDDOG hb I~dx$ 0;;0$ uhdd `n svn{{hbe

fgub cs Cssgohcvn Fncb jgp Dh`pcpx cbf Ogl{~vhbe_npzhons cv vmn @gsvgb Ogddnen Dcu Dh`pcpx cs gj I~bn 3$0;;0" _mcpgb uhdd `n snpzhbe cs Cssgohcvn Fncb jgpCocfnlho Cjjchps cv vmn Dcu _omggd jgp vmn 0;;0,0;;?cocfnlho xncp$ jgddgunf `x c sc``cvhocd vmn bn}v xncp"_mcpgb mcs snpznf cs vmn Fhpnovgp gj @O s Dcu Dh`pcpx jgp0? xncps cbf mnp {pnsnbon uhdd `n lhssnf hb vmn fchdxdhjn gj vmn dh`pcpx"

BNDDOG uhdd cdsg jnnd _mcpgb s c`snbon" _mcpgbmcs `nnb cb covhzn cbf hbzgdznf lnl`np gj BNDDOG$cbf mcs svpgbedx nbog~pcenf {cpvhoh{cvhgb `x mnp svcjj hb

vmn ugpa gj vmn ogbsgpvh~l" _mcpgb mcs snpznf BNDDOG s zhon,{pnshfnbv'{pnshfnbv,ndnov shbon 0;; ;" U

snbf g~p `nsv uhsmns uhvm _mcpgb cs smn ~bfnpvcavmhs bnu pgdn hb vmn dhjn gj vmn @gsvgb Ogddnen Dcu _ocbf un vmcba mnp jgp mnp fnfhocvhgb vg BNDDOG gznp v

xncps"_mcpgb s pnshebcvhgb lncbs vmcv smn uhdd bgv

snpzhbe cs {pnshfnbv gj BNDDOG jgp 0;;0,0;;6 vnpl" Cbnu hboglhbe [pnshfnbv uhdd `n ndnovnf cv vmn ~{oglhbe

BNDDOG Fhpn ovgps Ln nv hbe$ so mnf~dn f jgp C{ph d 0>Jpcbadhb [hnpon Dcu Onbvnp$ hb ogbi~bovhgb uhvm vmn Dlnnvhbe gb C{phd 0:"

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3;

Umcv fgns [pgjnssgp CdcbFnpsmguhvy vmhba gj vmn G"I" _hl{sgbophlhbcd {pgsno~vhgb vncl7 Umx fhfmn pnepnv c zhovgpx vmcv an{v IgmbDnbbgb jpgl `nhbe fn{gpvnf hb vmn

5; s7 Umx fgns mn `ndhnzn mcvpnfjgp ophlhbcd fnjnbsn dcuxnps hs c eggf

sheb jgp Clnphoc7 Vmn cbsunps vgvmnsn cbf lcbx gvmnp ~nsvhgbs unpn`pg~emv vg vmn dhemv cs vmn _gohcd Dcu Dh`pcpx s C~vmgp _nphns jncv~pnf vmnMcpzcpf Dcu _omggd [pgjnssgp$ ugpdf,jclg~s ophlhbcd fnjnbsn dcuxnp$ {pg,dhjho c~vmgp cbf lnfhc ondn`phvx gbUnfbnsfcx$ Fnonl`np 38$ 0;;3"Uhvm c znpx pnon{vhzn opguf {coanfhbvg vmn Dh`pcpx s Lchb Pncfhbe Pggl$[pgjnssgp Fnpsmguhvy s{gan uhvm mhsvpcfnlcpa ocbfgp$ uhv cbf$ cv vhlns$sndj,njjcohbe m~lgp gb mhs dcvnsv `gga$

Dnvvnps Vg C Xg~be Dcuxnp"Hj cbxgbn hs abgub jgp c ogl,

{pnmnbshzn `gfx gj dnecd abgudnfen$hv hs Cdcb Fnpsmguhvy" Mhs dnecox hs cd,pncfx dnenbf" Cv 0=$ mn ucs vmn

xg~ben sv vnb~pn f {p gjns sgp cvMcpzcpf Dcu _omggd" Mhs dhsv gj nznbbglhbcddx jclg~s odhnbvs$ vmn dhansgj umhom hbod~fn _gzhnv fhsshfnbvCbcvgdx _momcpcbsax$ mgvnd sohgb cbfbgvnf vc} pnj~snbha Dngbc Mndlsdxcbf lhse~hfnf c~vg nbvpn{pnbn~pIgmb Y" FnDgpncb$ lcan jgp c umg sumg gj Clnphocb vphcd dgpn" Mhs `ggascbf cpvhodns mczn `nnb vpcbsdcvnf hbvgfgynbs gj dcbe~cens" Mhs g{hbhgb hssg~emv `x {pnshfnbvhcd ogllhvvnnscbf vcda smgu mgsvs cdhan" Mn nznbmcs c dnecd abhoa bcln9 vmn Dcuxnpgj Dcsv Pnsgpv" _g umnb mn fnohfnsvg uphvn c `gga gjjnphbe cfzhon vg

xg ~be dc uxnp s$ hv ug ~df `n uhsn vg{cx mnnf" Lcbx xg~be cbf bgv,sg,

xg~be dcuxnps -sg ln cdpncfx i~fens#(

_gohcd Dcu Dh`pcpx C~vmgp _ n p h n s

Cdcb Fnpsmguhvy

@x Igmb [nfhbhFhpnovgp gj Lnfhc _npzhons_gohcd Dcu Dh`pcpx

cbf ~s dcx jgda cvvnbfnf mhs fnjnbsngj mhs dcvnsv {~`dhocvhgb"

Bgv s~p{phshbedx$ vmn c~fhnbonucs {npmc{s fhzhfnf hb hvs g{hbhgb gj [pgjnssgp Fnpsmguhvy jpgl vmn g~vsnv"

Lcbx$ pnecpfhbe mhs fnjnbsn gj hebg,lhbhg~s omcpcovnps s~om cs G"I"_hl{sgb cbf Odc~s zgb @~dgu$ snnmhl cs ogbvnl{vh`dn" Gvmnps$ bgvhbemhs glbh{pnsnbv lnfhc ondn`phvx {np,sgbc cbf g~vs{ganbbnss$ jhbf mhl cb,bgxhbe" Vmn vp~n `ndhnznps$ ohvhbe mhspnogpf gb ohzhd phemvs cbf snpzhon vgvmgsn hb s{nohcd bnnf gj c{{nddcvnog~bsnd$ pnecpf mhl cs vmn znpx ns,snbon gj vmn Clnphocb dnecd {pgjns,shgb" Vg scx mn ugb gznp c jnu ogb,znpvs cs vmn bhemv {pgepnssnf$ vmg~em$hs c onpvchbvx" Hb vmn pndc}nf cbf ogb,jhfnbv lcbbnp vmcv mcs lcfn mhl clnfhc fcpdhbe$ [pgjnssgp Fnpsmguhvyepcohg~sdx pnonhznf c svhpphbe hbvpgf~o,vhgb jpgl Dh`pcpx N}no~vhzn FhpnovgpPg`npv I" @phba cbf dc~bomnf hbvg cvmg~emvj~d cbf pndcvhzndx jpnn jgplsvphbe gj pnlhbhsonbons$ g`snpzcvhgbs$cflhsshgbs cbf s~eensvhgbs"

C sndj,{pgjnssnf `cf sv~fnbvhb ndnlnbvcpx cbf mhem somggd$ mn mcf`cpndx lcfn hv hbvg c ogddnen gj mhsomghon -@pggadxb($ gp cbx ogddnen jgpvmcv lcvvnp" Mn `nocln lgpn cpfnbvhb mhemnp nf~ocvhgb cbf vmnb mhs dnecdsv~fhns cv Xcdn$ `noglhbe nfhvgp,hb,omhnj gj vmn dcu ig~pbcd"

C ophlhbcd fnjnbsn dcuxnp cvmncpv$ mn `nocln fhsnbomcbvnf uhvmsgln gj vmn {cpcegbs gj vmn i~fhohcdsxsvnl$ bgvc`dx Odcpnbon Fcppgu cbfGdhznp Unbfndd Mgdlns$ umg unpn$ co,ogpfhbe vg [pgjnssgp Fnpsmguhvy$ {gs,snssnf gj ~nsvhgbc`dn nvmhocd `ndhnjs

cbf$ hb sgln ocsns$ {pco,vhons -Fcppgu pn{~vc`d`ph`nf uhvbnssns cbf i~,pgps(" Opncvhbe mhs gdhsv gj f~`hg~s dnecschbvs eczn phsn vg gbomc{vnp hb vmn `gc`g~v omggshbe mnpgnuhsndx$ cbf$ ohvhbe umh

mn fhso~ssnf vmn hl{gpvcbon gj xg~be dcuxnpsvg czghf `dhbf ugpsmh{Cbgvmnp omc{vnp$ fnhbe uhvm opncvhbe cb nnlhns dhsv$ cfzhsns nehbbhbe cfzgocvns bgv vg ncjpchf gj enbnpcvhb

bnecvhzn cvvnbvhgb hb vmn hbvnpnsv gj fnuhvm dnecd hbvnephvx" [pgjnssgp Fnpsmgcdsg og~bsndnf xg~be dcuxnps vg pnjpchb jpgl fghbe umcv vmnx unpn `nsvcv hb jczgp gj umcv vmnx nbigxnf vm

lgsv$ vmnpn`x sno~phbe dgbenzhvx cscvhsjcovhgb gznp {gssh`dn `~pbg~cbf oxbhohsl"

Vmnb mhs ogllnbvs v~pbnf vgc lgpn {npsgbcd bgvn" [pgjnssgpFnpsmguhvy hs svhdd$ cjvnp cdd$ c m`nhbe l~om dhan vmn pnsv gj ~s cbfcs s~om$ hs vpncvnf vg vmn scln snvohpo~lsvcbons$ cd`nhv sglnvhlns gbcb ~bfnpsvcbfc`dx epcbfnp socdn" Mnpnocddnf cvvnbfhbe Xgl Ah{{~p snpzhons hllnfhcvndx cjvnp vmn _hl{sgbco ~hvvcd$cbf hb c {cpv gj vmn onpnlgumnpn vmn ogbepnecvhgb hs csanf {g~bf vmnhp mncpvs cbf pns{gbf vg v

~nsvhgb cs vg umnvmnp vmnx mcf ogsndnf nzhd$ cdd nxns$ coogpfhbe vg [pjnssgp Fnpsmguhvy$ vmcv mcf `nnb {pzhg~sdx cznpvnf mhs fhpnovhgb uns~ffnbdx cbf {ghbvnfdx jh}nf ~{gbmhl cv vmn ~vvnpcbon gj vmhs ~Nznb cv mhs gpcvhgb hb vmn Dh`pclgbesv fnzgvnns$ fnvpcovgps cbf vmjnu umg svhdd lcx bgv mczn cb g{hbhgb$ mn ocln ~{ cechbsv c lnl`np gj vmn c~fhnbon mn fnsoph`nf cs m

gub {npsgbcd svcdanp $ c fhsnbjpcomhsnf hbvnddnov~cd gj ~nsvhgbmxehnbn$ nznb vcahbe vhln vg coabgudnfen mhl `x bcln$ gbdx vg mczn vmn{ggp lhsopncbv fnlcbf cb cbsunp vgc ~nsvhgb vmcv mcf bgvmhbe cv cdfg uhvm vmn {pgonnfhbes umcvsgnzncbf ucs gj c f~`hg~s bcv~pn vg `ggv#

-ogbvhb f gb {cen 33(

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Gb vmn dhemvnp shfn$ [pgjnssgpFnpsmguhvy ocb dcx sgln odchl vg mczhbe cdhjn pnlhbhsonbv gj vmn cznpcen Ign" Gb vmnbhemv gj vmn {pnsnbvcvhgb$ mhs ocp snpzhonjchdnf vg {hoa mhl ~{ cv @compcom _v~fhgs gb@gxdsvgb _v" cbf c Dh`pcpx nl{dgxnn mcf vgnsogpv mhl$ `x jggv$ vg vmn _~jjgda Og~bvxOg~pvmg~sn `noc~sn mn ucs bgv s~pn gj vmnucx -c dhvvdn vgg l~om vhln hb vmn hzgpx vgu,

nps gj cocfnlhc$ {npmc{s,Nf"(" Vmnb$ cjvnpvmn ~nsvhgb cbf cbsunp {nphgf$ mn mcf vgdnczn hb c m~jj vg ocvom c Ondvhos ecln" @nvmn {hoanf ~{ c fge cbf c nnp njgpn envvhbehb mhs sncv#

Gm$ cbf vmn cbsunps vg vmn ~ns,vhgbs7 Mn vmhbas vmn G"I" ophlhbcd {pgsno~,vhgb vncl ucs vmn lgsv hbn{v ~bom gj dcu,

xnps'{pgsno~vgps mn mcf nznp snnb $ umgmcbfnf vmn ocsn vg vmn fnjnbsn gb c shdznp

{dcvvnp " Cs jgp vmn Dnbbgb ocsn$ mn jnnds csvmg~em hj mn mcf dgsv vmn ocsn$ Igmb Dnbbgblhemv `n cdhzn cbf undd hb Dgbfgb gp

Dhznp{ggd" Dnbbgb s uhfgu Xgag Gbg vmhbashv ucsb v vmn ocsn cv cdd" _mn odchls vmn nhemv

xncps Igmb s{nbv dhzhbe hb Bnu Xgpa cjvnpvmcv ocsn unpn vmn mc{{hnsv gj mhs dhjn "-Lcan gj vmcv umcv xg~ uhdd hv cddgunf mnpvg pnlchb hb vmn ^bhvnf _vcvns {nplcbnbvdx$cbf Dnbbgb s ahddnp og~df mczn i~sv cs ncshdxjdgub vg Dgbfgb cs mn fhf vg Bnu Xgpa Nf"( Jhbcddx$ [pgjnssgp Fnpsmguhvy `ndhnznsvmcv c mncdvmx mcvpnf gj mhem {pgjhdn sndj,snpz,hbe ophlhbcd fnjnbsn dcuxnps$ s~om cs unClnphocbs nbigx$ hs c vp~n sheb gj c zhvcd$j~bovhgbhbe fnlgopcox" Vcda c`g~v vmn eggfdhjn"

DDBN N}no~vhzn @gcpf _vpcvneho [dcbbhbe Lnnvhbe

DDBN -Dcu Dh`pcphcbs gj Bnu Nbedcbf( mndf c svpcvneho {dcbbhbe lnnvhbe gb Jphfcx$ Icb~cpx 0>$ 0;;0 cv @gsvgb Ogddnen Dcu _omggd" Vmn lnnvhucs cb g{{gpv~bhvx jgp vmn N}no~vhzn @gcpf cbf ogllhvvnn omchps vg ecvmvgenvmnp cbf n}clhbn jgplcddx vmn o~ppnbv svcvn gj cjjchps jgp DDBN" Vcahbedncf jpgl vmn CCDD 0;;0,0;;> _vpcvneho [dcb$ vmn epg~{$ uhvm vmn mnd{jcohdhvcvgp Lc~pnnb _~ddhzcb$ hfnbvhjhnf vmn lcbx hss~ns jcohbe vmn omlnl`npsmh{ vgfcx -pnop~hvlnbv cbf pnvnbvhgb$ nf~ocvhgbcd {pgepcls$ vnombgdgex$ znbfgp pndcvhgbs$ vg bcln c jnu( cbf snv g~v c`g~v fnzhshbe ogbopnvc{{pgcomns jgp hl{pgzhbe ~{gb vmnl"

Gbn gj vmn lcigp ogbshfnpcvhgbs gj vmn epg~{ ucs vmn svp~ov~pnDDBN" Vmn epg~{ {dcbs vg pnzhnu {gdhohns cbf pnvmhba vmn ogllhvvnn svv~pn" Vmnx cpn cdsg ogbvnl{dcvhbe vmn {gssh`hdhvx gj `phbehbe vgenvmnp ogllhvvnns umhom mczn shlhdcp egcds$ s~om cs {gssh`dx ogl`hbhbe vmn Hbvnpb[~`dho Pndcvhgbs cbf vmn Bnusdnvvnp Ogllhvvnns cbf'gp vmn Pnop~hvlnbv cbLnl`npsmh{ Ogllhvvnns" Vmn N}no~vhzn Ogllhvvnn uhdd cdsg n}clhbn vmnDDBN `xdcus vg snn hj vmnx bnnf vg `n ~{fcvnf'omcbenf"

Vmn epg~{ cdsg n}{pnssnf epncv hbvnpnsv hb svpnbevmnbhbe nf~ocv{pgepcllhbe" C {dcb vg hl{dnlnbv c bnu {pgepcl {dcbbhbe'nf~ocvhgb ogl,lhvvnn ucs hbvpgf~onf" _gln gvmnp hfncs jgp svpnbevmnbhbe nf~ocvhgbcd {pepcllhbe hbod~fnf {cpvbnphbe uhvm gvmnp gpecbhycvhgbs cbf ugpahbe uhvm fhjnpnbv vpcoas cv lnnvhbes sg vmcv c uhfnp pcben gj hbvnpnsvs og~df `n ln

C ogllgb vmnln pchsnf vmpg~emg~v vmn snsshgb ucs vmn bnnf vogll~bhocvn uhvm vmn lnl`npsmh{" Vmn epg~{ svpnssnf vmn hl{gpvcbon g~shbe cdd ogll~bhocvhgbs fnzhons vg ann{ hbjgplcvhgb jdguhbe$ cs undd csvmn bnnf jgp odcphjhocvhgb gj vmn ~sns cbf {~p{gsns gj fhjjnpnbv ogll~bhocvhgb vggds"

Jhbcddx$ vmn epg~{ cepnnf vg {~ps~n vmn jgddguhbe egcds9 hbopncsnb~l`np gj covhzn lnl`nps1 nsvc`dhsm c {ghbv {npsgb gp ogllhvvnn jgp {pg,epcl {dcbbhbe1 n}{dgpn ~bh ~n g{{gpv~bhvhns vmcv DDBN mcs vg gjjnp hvs

`nps vmcv vmnx fg bgv cdpncfx jhbf ndsnumnpn1 cbbg~bon bnu lnl`nps cvlnnvhbes cbf hb vmn bnusdnvvnp1 pncom g~v vg bnu lnl`nps -hss~n c {npsgbchbzhvcvhgb vg `n covhzn(1 hbod~fn sv~fnbv lnl`nps gb ogllhvvnns1 cbf zhsh_hllgbs -cbf lcx`n _g~vmnpb Ogbbnovho~v cbf ^PH( odcssns vg pnop~hv bnu sv~fnbv lnl`nps" Vmn epg~{ cdsg cepnnf vg svcpv c {pgepcl gj {pnss pn,dncsns cbf hbod~fn sgln j~b covhzhvhns vmpg~em vmn bnu _npzhon Ogllhv n n "

DDBN [pnshfnbv Fcpox Ahpa cbf vmn gvmnp cvvnbfnns cepnnf vmcvlnnvhbe ucs c epncv s~oonss cbf enbnpcvnf c pnbnunf snbsn gj ogllhvlnbvjgp vmnl vmcv vmnx mg{n uhdd n}vnbf hbvg vmn DDBN lnl`npsmh{ cv dcpen"

Bnu Nbedcbf Hbbgzcvhzn Dcu ^snps Epg~{ -BNHD^E(Vmn cbb~cd Bnu Nbedcbf Hbbgzcvhzn Dcu snps Epg~{ -BNHD^E( lnnvhbe hs

somnf~dnf vg `n mndf gb Jphfcx$ Govg`np 6$ 0;;0" Hv uhdd `n s{gbsgpnf `x vmn _~jjgda^bhznpshvx Dcu _omggd Dh`pcpx cbf uhdd n mndf cv vmn Dcu _omggd hb fgubvgub @gsvgb"Pnehsvpcvhgb cbf lgpn fnvchdnf {pgepcl hbjgplcvhgb uhdd n lchdnf g~v gznp vmn s~llnp"[dncsn smcpn vmhs hbjgplcvhgb uhvm cdd hbvnpnsvnf svcjj lnl`nps cv xg~p hbsvhv~vhgb" Jgpj~pvmnp hbjgplcvhgb gp jgp {pgepcl s~eensvhgbs$ {dncsn n,lchd Fczhf V~pacdg cv _~jjgda cv9fv~pacdgKs~jjgda"nf~

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30

Bnusdnvvnp _~pznx Pns~dvs

Vmcba xg~ vg cdd umg {cpvhoh{cvnf hb g~p pnonbv s~pznx gj pncsmh{ hbvnpnsv hb cb ndnovpgbho znpshgb gj vmn bnusdnvvnp" Cbumndlhbe lcigphvx gj pns{gbfnbvs fnshpn cb ndnovpgbho jgplcv" Vmpns~dvs unpn cs jgddgus9

Vgvcd b~l`np gj pns{gbsns9 60

Ug~df xg~ dhan vg snn vmn DDBN Bnus czchdc dn hb ndnovpgjgplcv7

Xns ?= Bg 6Hj vmn bnusdnvvnp unpn czchdc`dn hb cb ndnovpgbho jgplcv$ u

xg~ svhdd ucbv vg pnonhzn c {phbv og{x7Xns 3; Bg ?0

Umhom ndnovpgbho jgplcv-s( ug~df xg~ {pnjnp7Un` gbdx9 3;N,lchd gbdx9 3=Un` cbf n,lchd9 36

Hj hv unpn czchdc`dn gb vmn un $ ug~df xg~ dhan vg snn hv hb MV{fj gp cs c ugpf {pgonsshbe jhdn7

-Omnoa cs lcbx cs c{{dx"([fj cvvcomlnbv gbdx9 3?Cdd ?9 ?MVLD cbf ugpf {pgonsshbe9 3MVLD cbf {fj9 ?

Hj hv unpn czchdc dn zhc n,lchd$ ug~df xg~ {pnjnp7 -Omnoa cs lcbcs c{{dx"(

Cdd 69 ?[fj cvvcomlnbv9 5Dhba vg un`9 36Ugpf,{pgonssnf cvvcomlnbv9 0Vn}v uhvmhb vmn lnsscen9 0Ugpf cbf dhba9 ?Vn}v cbf dhba9 3[fj cbf ugpf9 3[fj cbf vn}v9 3[fj cbf dhba9 0[fj$ ugpf cbf dhba9 3Ugpf$ vn}v uhvmhb cbf dhba9 ?

Fg xg~ s~`soph`n vg vmn DDBN dhsv,snpz7Xns9 ?; Bg9 3;

Cpn xg~ c lnl np gj CCDD7Xns9 ?0 Bg9 8

Fg xg~ mczn Hbvnpbnv coonss cv mgln7Xns9 ?3 Bg9 33

[dncsn Fgb v Ocdd Ln c Dcuxnp Dh`pcphcb

Fhcbn L~pdnx$ Bgpvmncsvnpb bhznpshvx Dcu Dh`pcpx

H mczn cducxs mcvnf vmn vnpl dcuxnp dh`pcphcb$ ns{n,ohcddx umnb hv s nnb c{{dhnf vg ln$ ~v H mczn bnznp nnb c`dn vgcfn ~cvndx n}{dchb vmn pncsgb vmcv H jhbf hv sg fhsvcsvnj~d"

[cpv gj lx g`inovhgb hs vg umcv H snn cs lhs~sn gj vmnugpf dcuxnp" Fns{hvn cdvnpbcvn fnjhbhvhgbs$ H vmhba vmn vnplenbnpcddx ocpphns vmn ogbbgvcvhgb gj gbn umg {pcovhons dcu" H fgbgv {pcovhon dcu" H {pgzhfn pnjnpnbon snpzhon hb c dcu dh`pcpx$ Hvncom dnecd pnsncpom$ cbf H fg umcvnznp ndsn H ocb vg mnd{ {ng{dnlcan ~sn gj vmn dh`pcpx s pnsg~pons" H cl c dcu dh`pcphcb" Cdvmg~emH {pcovhonf dcu xncps ceg$ H cl bgv c dcuxnp"

H vmhba vmcv ocddhbe g~psndzns dcuxnp dh`pcphcbs hbsvncfgj dcu dh`pcphcbs fnlgbsvpcvns c ahbf gj hbsno~phvx c`g~v g~pomgsnb {pgjnsshgb" Hv sg~bfs dhan un vmhba vmcv `nhbe c dcu dh`pcphcb hs bgv eggf nbg~em$ sg un mczn vg snv g~psndzns c`gzn

vmgsn dh`pcphcbs umg fgb v mczn vmn f~cd fnepnns" H mczn abgublcbx jhbn dcu dh`pcphcbs umg fg bgv mczn IFs" Vmn jcov vmcv Hs~pzhznf vmpnn xncps gj dcu somggd cbf vmn cp n}clhbcvhgb{pgonss fgns bgv lcan ln c `nvvnp dcu dh`pcphcb vmcb cbx gj vmnl"Cbf ocddhbe lxsndj c dcuxnp dh`pcphcb hs ~bbnonsscphdx hbs~dvhbevg vmnhp {pgjnsshgbcdhsl"

J~pvmnplgpn$ H fgb v vmhba vmcv vmn vnpl dcuxnp dh`pcphcbhl{pnssns cbx`gfx umgl un cpn vpxhbe vg hl{pnss" _v~fnbvs$umhdn vmnx goocshgbcddx c{{pnohcvn vmn jcov vmcv un ~bfnpsvcbf vmngpfncd dcu somggd ocb `n$ fgb v ocpn c`g~v g~p fnepnns cs dgbe csun mnd{ vmnl uhvm vmnhp pnsncpom" Cbf onpvchbdx jco~dvx$ hj hl{pnss,h`dn cv cdd$ cpn bgv hl{pnssnf x cbxvmhbe gvmnp vmcb eggf snpzhon"Hj vmn vhvdn dcuxnp dh`pcphcb unpn lgpn hl{pnsshzn vmcb dcu dh`pcphcb$ vmnx ug~df ocdd vmnlsndzns dcuxnp {pgjnssgps"

@~v {npmc{s umcv vpg~`dns ln vmn lgsv hs lx jncp vmcvvmn heensv hbsno~phvx pnzncdnf x g~p ~sn gj vmn vnpl dcuxnpdh`pcphcb hs vmn jncp vmcv un cpn bgv eggf nbg~em dh`pcphcbs" Cpnun i~sv n},dcuxnps$ gp {npmc{s pnogznphbe dcuxnps$ umg ugpa hb cdcu dh`pcpx7 Umx ndsn ug~df un bnnf vg pnjnp vg c jgplnp ig` hbfnsoph`hbe g~p o~ppnbv {pgjnsshgb7 H mcf c b~l`np gj ig`s `njgpnoglhbe vg dh`pcphcbsmh{$ hbod~fhbe ocsmhnp$ c`x shvvnp$ cbf svcenlcbcenp$ cdd gj umhom {pgzhfnf ln uhvm sahdds H ~sn vg vmhs fcx"@~v$ nznb umnb hv snnls lgpn fnsoph{vhzn$ H mczn bnznp pnjnppnf vglxsndj cs `c`x shvvnp dh`pcphcb"

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DDBN Bnus$ Zgd~ln 00$ B~l`np 3$ 0;;03?

Umcv Cpn Xg~ Pn c f h b e 7

`x Fhcbn L~pdnx$ Bgpvmncsvnpb ^bhznp,shvx _omggd gj Dcu Dh`pcpx

Vmcbas vg nznpxgbn umg snbv `ggapnogllnbfcvhgbs jgp vmhs hss~n" Hvmhba xg~ dd nbigx vmnsn"

Cbbhn Mcuns$ N}vpc Zhpehb9 C Xg~be Uglcb Fhsogznps Vmn Hvcdhcb PhzhnpcUmnpn Nznpx Lgbvm Hs Nbomcbvnf"Vmhs omcplhbe `gga hs c vpcznd nsscx

~hvn shlhdcp vg [nvnp Lcxdn s C Xncphb [pgznbon cbf Jpcbons Lcxns ^b,fnp vmn V~socb _~b" Cbbhn Mcuns ssvxdn hs slcpv cbf j~bbx cbf ugbfnp,j~ddx fnsoph{vhzn gj vmn vpcfhvhgbs$jggf$ uhbn cbf {ng{dn gj Dhe~phc" Clcpzndg~s nsoc{n"

_ vc on x L " F hJ cy hg $ @ ~d ad nx $

Phomcpfsgb cbf Endhbcs$ DD[

Lcpvhb @ggvm$Vmn Hbf~svpx gj _g~ds"Lx `gga epg~{ pnonbvdx pncf vmhs p~b,bnp,~{ jgp vmn @gganp [phyn gj c jnu

xncps ceg" Gb mhs =;vm `hpvmfcx cb Nb,edhsmlcb dhzhbe hb P~sshc hs c`g~v vg`n zhshvnf `x lnl`nps gj mhs jclhdxjpgl Nbedcbf$ umg mczn i~sv fhsogz,npnf vmcv mn hs svhdd dhzhbe" Cs mn egnsjgp c ucda cpg~bf vmn zhddcen `njgpnvmn zhshvgps cpphzn mn pnlnl`nps mhshl{phsgblnbv hb c P~sshcb E~dce jgp0> xncps$ cbf vmn jphnbfsmh{s cbfnznbvs vmcv mcf cb hl{cov gb mhs dhjn$`gvm hb vmn E~dce cbf hb vmn zhddcen"Mn l~sv cdsg fnohfn umnvmnp vg eg`coa vg Nbedcbf uhvm vmn zhshvgps gps{nbf mhs pnlchbhbe fcxs hb vmn P~s,shcb zhddcen" Hv s c ugbfnpj~d svgpx cbfun cdd dgznf hv"

_cpc D" Ycegpsah$ Fcx$ @nppx* Mgucpf DD[

Clnphocb Ig~pbcd gj Jgpnbsho Lnfh,ohbn cbf [cvmgdgex"Env c dne ~{ gb vmgsn bhemvvhln ophlnhbznsvhecvhgb fpclcs dhan O_H cb fOpgsshbe Igpfcb `x pncfhbe vmn sgdnc~vmgphvx gb fncvm hbznsvhecvhgb" Cshl{dn$ ~bcss~lhbe ig~pbcd$ vmn

CIJL[ {pnsnbvs c lxphcf gj cpvhodnsgb cdd jconvs gj jgpnbsho n}{dgpcvhgb9

vmn ep~nsgln$ vmn g~vdcbfhsm$ vmn shl,{dhsvho cbf vmn s~`dhln" Jgp hbsvcbon$H mcf bnznp abgub vmcv umnb c lcbhs p~b gznp `x c svnclpgddnp$ mhs mncpvuhdd cdlgsv cducxs {g{ g~v mhs vmpgcv$hv `nhbe vmn {cvm gj dncsv pnshsvcbon"Vmnb vmnpn s vmn uglcb umg ogllhv,vnf s~hohfn `x o~vvhbe mnp dnjv cpl gjj uhvm c omchbscu" N}{npvs og~df bgvogbod~fn umx smn fhf hv" Vmnx fhfabgu$ mgunznp$ gbn vmhbe1 smn ucsphemv,mcbfnf" Vmnsn cbf sg lcbxlgpn zgxcens vg {gsv,lgpvnl cfznb,

v~pn cuchv xg~ uhvm `~v c shbedn hss~ngj Clnphocb Ig~pbcd gj Jgpnbsho Lnfh,ohbn cbf [cvmgdgex" Xg~ dd `n slcpvnpvmcb vmn O_H ecbe cbf ucx lgpn hbv~h,vhzn vmcb Igpfcb uhvm i~sv gbn pncf"

I gm b [ nf hb h$ _g oh cd Dc u D h,`pcpx

Enpcdfhbn @pggas$Xncp gj Ugbfnps9 C Bgznd gj vmn [dce~n"H bnznp ug~df mczn `ndhnznf vmcv Hug~df nbigx c `gga c`g~v vmn `~`gbho{dce~n# Vmn svgpx hs `csnf gb vmnpncd,dhjn vgub gj Nxcl hb Fnp`xsmhpnumhom zgd~bvcphdx hsgdcvns hvsndj jpglogbvcov uhvm g~vshfnps jgp c xncp hbgpfnp vg svg{ vmn s{pncf gj vmn {dce~n"Vmn lchb omcpcovnp$ Cbbc Jhpvm$ hs csvpgbe$ pnsg~ponj~d uglcb" H ncenpdxjgddgunf mnp nznpx svn{ cbf ug~dfmhemdx pnogllnbf vmn `gga$ nznbvmg~em vmn nbfhbe hs c `hv `hycppn"

Cbbn L" Covgb$ Bnu Nbedcbf_omggd gj Dcu Dh`pcpx

Omphs _mnplcb * Ecpx [phon$ Vmn Hb,zhsh`dn Un`9 ^bogznphbe Hbjgplcvhgb_g~pons _ncpom Nbehbns Ocb v _nn"Vmhs hs vmn `nsv `gga c`g~v Un` pn,sncpom H mczn pncf hb c dgbe vhln# Vmnc~vmgps fg c epncv ig` gj n}{dchbhbeumcv vmn Hbzhsh`dn Un` hbod~fns -`c,shocddx nznpxvmhbe bgv hbfn}nf `x enb,npcd sncpom nbehbns($ cbf mgu c eggfpnsncpomnp ocb jhbf hv" Vmnx cdsg {pg,zhfn bhon$ `csho n}{dcbcvhgbs gj mgu

vmn Hbvnpbnv$ vmn Un`$ sncpom nbcbf gvmnp sncpom vggds ugpa" Vmnsvhlcvn vmn Hbzhsh`dn Un` hs `nvunnvug cbf jhjvx vhlns dcpenp vmcb vmn zh`dn Un`" Vmn snogbf mcdj gj vmn `gghs cb cbbgvcvnf `h`dhgepc{mx gj Hbzhh`dn Un` pnsg~pons" _nn cdsg vmogl{cbhgb shvn cv 4 mvv{9uuu"hbzhsh`dn,un`"bnv 2 -coonssnf

Jn`" 0:$ 0;;0(" Fh cb n L ~p dn x$ Bg pv mn cs vn^bhznpshvx Dcu Dh`pcpx

Ndhyc`nvm LoOpcoanb$ Bhcecpc Jcdds CdGznp Cechb"Vmhs bgznd vndds vmn dhjn svgpsvpchemv lcb Lhan _mcp{ gj vmn uhdfs~oonssj~d oglnfx vncl Ocpvnp cbf_mcp{" Cdd vmn svgoa omcpcovnps{ncp1 nznpx svcbfcpf smgu,`hy vph~l{m cbf pnznpscd$ nznpx Mgddxuggfsoph{v {npsgbcd j~djhddlnbv cbf vpc

nfx$ jgddgus hb gpfnp cs vmn xncps pggb" Vmnpn hs bgvmhbe bnu1 vmnpnbg s~p{phsns" Hv hsb v nznb cb hbnsvhbe gp cl~shbe dhjn" Cbf xnv H og~bgv {~v vmhs `gga fgub" LoOpcoanbmcs uphvvnb vmn bcppcvgp c zghon um~vvnpdx omcpls"

_ ~s cb L gp n$ B gp vm nc sv n^bhznpshvx Dcu Dh`pcpx

Hj xg~ mczn pncf sglnvmhbe vmcv xgpnogllnbf$ snbf vmn c~vmgp$ vhvdcbf c jnu snbvnbons c`g~v umx xg~pnogllnbf hv vg f"l~pdnxKbn~"nf~"Hv ocb `n c `gga$ lcecyhbn$ gp cpvhogj cbx enbpn" Umnb vmn nfhvgps snbg~v vmn ocdd jgp cpvhodns$ H uhdd ogvmn pnogllnbfcvhgbs H mczn pnonhznhbvg c ogd~lb jgp nznpxgbn" Vmcbajgp xg~p mnd{"

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FHPNOVGPX GJ GJJHONP_ CBF OMCHP_ 0;;3'0;;0

GJJHONP_ [p n s h f n b v

Fcpox AhpaDcu Dh`pcphcb^bhznpshvx gj Ogbbnovho~v_omggd gj Dcu Dh`pcpx?8 Ndhyc`nvm _vpnnvMcpvjgpf$ OV ;:3;>,003?-=:;( >5;,>3;8jc} -=:;( >5;,>3;6fahpaKdcu"~ogbb"nf~

Zhon [pnshfnbv'[pnshfnbv Nd n o v

Lhomcnd M~emnsCssgohcvn FhpnovgpS~hbbh{hco ^bhznpshvx _omggd gj DcuDh`pcpx05> Lg~bv Ocplnd CznMclfnb OV ;:>3=,386;

-0;?( >=0,??3=jc} 9 -0;?( >=0,??3:lhomcnd"m~emnsK ~hbbh{hco"nf~

Vpncs~pnp Oxbvmhc Dcbfc~Csshsvcbv Dcu Dh`pcphcb cbf[pgjnssgp gj DcuJpcbadhb [hnpon Dcu Onbvnp0 Umhvn _vpnnvOgbogpf$ BM ;??;3-:;?( 00=,3>63 n}v" 33?0jc} -:;?( 00=,;?==odcbfc~Kj{do"nf~

_ n o p n v c p x@phcb I" McpahbsCsshsvcbv Dh`pcphcb'Mncf gj [~`dho_npzhons_gohcd Dcu Dh`pcpx30;; Og~pv Mg~sn@gsvgb$ LC ;03;=-:35( >0?,;;3= }??0jc} -:35( >0?,06>=`mcpahbsKsgohcdcu"ogl

[c sv [pns hf nb v -zcocbv(

Nf~o cv hgbcd Fhpn ov gp s

_~scb _~ddhzcb[~`dho _npzhons Dh`pcphcb@gsvgb Ogddnen Dcu Dh`pcpx==> Onbvpn _vpnnv

Bnuvgb$ LC ;06>8-:35( >>0,66;5jc} -:35( >>0,0==8s~ddhzs~K`o"nf~

Injj Jdxbb_~jjgda ^bhznpshvx Dcu Dh`pcpx30; Vpnlgbv _vpnnv@gsvgb$ LC ;03;=,6855

-:35( ?;>,3:36jc} -:35( 50?,?3:6

ijdxbbKcocf"s~jjgda"nf~

OGLLHVVNN OMCHP_

Egznpblnbv PndcvhgbsAnddx @pgubnMncf gj Pnjnpnbon^bhznpshvx gj Ogbbnovho~v _omggd gj Dcu Dh`pcpx?8 Ndhyc`nvm _v"Mcpvjgpf$ OV ;:3;>,003?-=:;( >5;,>;53jc} -=:;( >5;,>3;6a`pgubnKdcu"~ogbb"nf~

H bv n pb n v Pc ~nd GpvhyPnjnpnbon * Ndnovpgbho _npzhonsDh`pcphcb

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Volume 22, Issue 1, 2002