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7/30/2019 Volume 30, Issue 1, 2011
1/18IIOA Oavs) Rniq`a 3=) Hssqa 4) ;=44 4
[a`a`ka{hof @n{{hs Cnjao
Oavsiawwa{ nb wja Idv Ihk{d{hdos nb Oav AofidogRniq`a 3=) Hssqa 4) ;=44 Oavs
Kx Gdrhg Vd{{hofwno
Ihk{d{hdo bn{ S}achdi Cniiacwhnos
Jd{rd{g Idv Scjnni Ihk{d{x
Cnow/ no }dfa 2
Hw hs vhwj f{adw sdgoass wjdw va {a}n{w wjdw ]{nbas-
sn{ @n{{hs Cnjao) bn{`a{ gh{acwn{ nb wja Xdia)
Jd{rd{g) Qohra{shwx nb ]aoosxirdohd) dog SQOX-
Kqbbdin idv ihk{d{has) }dssag dvdx no Sdwq{gdx)
Gaca`ka{ 4:) ;=4=) dw jhs jn`a ho Oav Jdrao
dw wja dfa nb ahfjwx-wj{aa/ @{/
Cnjao jdg d cd{aa{ wjdw s}dooag
`n{a wjdo bwx xad{s) dog vds)
dw wja wh`a nb jhs gadwj) d Xdia
Idv Scjnni ]{nbassn{ A`a{hwqsdog Ihk{d{hdo A`a{hwqs/
Wja ihk{d{x sjnqig ka do
agqcdwhnodi bn{ca ho wja scjnni)
{dwja{ wjdo d }dsshra }idca) ja
wnig wjaJd{rd{g Idv [acn{g
sjn{wix dbwa{ ja d{{hrag ho Cd`-
k{hgfa ho 48645 `x n{haowdwhno hs wnvd{g d }a{sno-
di sn{w nb ihk{d{hdosjh}/ Wja cjd{dcwa{h|dwhno vds
ca{wdhoix d}w ds cnqowiass swqgaows) {asad{cja{s)
dog cniiadfqas jdra ghscnra{ag bn{ wja`sairas/On noa gaihfjwag `n{a ho sjd{hof do aocxcin}aghc
eonviagfa nb dii ds}acws nb iafdi {asad{cj wjdo
@n{{hs) on{ vds `n{a aowjqshdswhc ho wadcjhof wja
wacjohtqas nb ghscnra{hof iafdi hobn{`dwhno/ Ja
vds ds hogabdwhfdkia ho az}doghof ihk{d{x cniiac-
whnos dog sa{rhcas ds ja vds ho cnogqcwhof jhs nvo
{asad{cj dog v{hwhof5 sn`anoa noca {a`d{eag wjdw
@n{{hs vds wja aoa{fh|a{ kqoox kabn{a wja{a vds
do Aoa{fh|a{ Kqoox/
Gq{hof jhs gacdga dw wja Jd{rd{g Idv Ihk{d{x)
@n{{hs vn{eag wn kqhig do n{fdoh|dwhno wjdw jaig
hws {asad{cj dog wadcjhof {as}noshkhihwhas wn wja
sd`a jhfj swdogd{g ds hw ghg hws cq{dwn{hdi noas/
Ja gashfoag dog h`}ia`aowag wja Idv Ihk{d{xs
{sw }{nf{d` ho wja wadcjhof nb iafdi {asad{cj)
dog how{ngqcag cn`}qwa{s hown wja
Ihk{d{x bn{ IAZHS dog bn{ cn`-
}qwa{h|ag iafdi hosw{qcwhno/ Qoga{
jhs vdwcj wja Idv Ihk{d{xs knne
cniiacwhno hoc{adsag 3=! wn 4/7`hiihno rniq`as/ Wn }{nwacw hws qo-
`dwcjag cniiacwhnos nb {d{a knnes
dog `doqsc{h}ws) ja nra{sdv wja
cnora{shno nb wja Idofgaii Snqwj
@hggia cidss{nn` hown d swdwa-nb-
wja-d{w s}achdi cniiacwhnos swn{-
dfa bdchihwx vhwj cn`}dcw swdces
dog azcaiiaow wa`}a{dwq{a dog jq`hghwx cnow{ni/
Dknra dii) ja jh{ag dog `aown{ag d oav faoa{dwhno
nb idv ihk{d{hdos vjnsa sqksatqaow dccn`}ihsj-
`aows jdra sjd}ag `nga{o idv ihk{d{hdosjh}/
Dw wja kafhoohof nb jhs cd{aa{ @n{{hs garain}ag d
}dsshno bn{ iad{ohof ara{xwjhof ja cnqig dknqw wja
knnes dog `doqsc{h}ws wjdw `dea q} wja {dv `dwa-
{hdis nb iafdi jhswn{x/ Do howa{rhav ho wjaJd{rd{g
Idv Kqiiawho *S}{hof 48:4( {a}n{wag wjdw ho 4823
ja kacd`a howa{aswag ho wja khkihnf{d}jhc dccn`-
}ihsj`aows nb Aigno Ld`as Ud bn{`a{ JIS ]{nbas-
7/30/2019 Volume 30, Issue 1, 2011
2/18; IIOA Oavs) Rniq`a 3=) Hssqa 4) ;=44
WDKIA NB CNOWAOWS
Badwq{ag D{whcias
Sqsdo @/ Bd{dfnKqshoass @dodfa{) IIOA Oavs
Snchdi Idv Ihk{d{x
Knswno) @D =;4=:*246( 1;3-==4:) Azw/ 3=7bdz *246( 1;3-;71:
sbd{dfnMsnchdidv/cn`
Wja Idv Ihkdhdos nb Oav Aofidog *IIOA( hs d cjd}wa{ nb wja D`a{hcdo Dssnchdwhno nb Idv Ihk{d{has/ IIOA Oavs) wja cjd}wa{
oavsiawwa{) hs }qkihsjag tqd{wa{ix no wja IIOA vak}dfa dwjww}
7/30/2019 Volume 30, Issue 1, 2011
3/18
IIOA Oavs) Rniq`a 3=) Hssqa 4) ;=44 3
IIOAOavsOavsiawwa{ nb wja Idv Ihk{d{hdos nb Oav Aofidog
Aghwn{s Onwa
Jd}}x aog nb vhowa{ *wjdoebqiix( dog vaicn`a wn
donwja{ dgghwhno nb wja IIOA Oavsiawwa{$ Va jdra
sn`a f{adw d{whcias wn nbba{ wjhs hssqa/ Nq{ oavasw
`a`ka{ nb wja IIOA Oavs hs @af E{hkkia) [a-
sad{cj Ihk{d{hdo dog Nqw{adcj Cnn{ghodwn{ dw wja
Jd{rd{g Idv Scjnni Ihk{d{x/ @dox nb qs eonv
@af ds d wdiaowag ihk{d{hdo vjn s}achdih|as ho a`a{f-
hof wacjoninfhas ho ihk{d{has/ Sja jds f{adw oavsa{has bn{ nq{ oavsiawwa{ cdiiag Wjhoehof dknqw
Wacjoninfx/ Vaicn`a @af$
Wjhs hssqa nb wja oavsiawwa{ disn cnowhoqas nq{ {afq-
id{ bdrn{hwas sqcj ds @hss/ On`a{) Dccass ]nhows)
Wjhs Hssqa ho Jhswn{x dog d cnowhoqdwhno nb wja sa{has
Dfaows bn{ wja Knnes onv ho fin{hnqs Wacjoh-
cnin{$
Disn) `dea sq{a wn inne nqw bn{ wja IIOA Swn{x-
Cn{}s dw wjhs q}cn`hof IIOA `aawhof dw Xdia Idv
Scjnni Ihk{d{x/ Wja IIOA Swn{x Cn{} vhii ka {a-
cn{ghof xnq{ dosva{s wn tqaswhnos ihea Vjdws xnq{
bdrn{hwa `a`n{x nb do IIOA araow> dog Vjdw
gnas IIOA gn bn{ xnq>
Ds divdxs) va aocnq{dfa `a`ka{s wn sqk`hw hgadsbn{ d{whcias) sa{has) swn{has) dog oavs$
Saa xnq dw wja S}hof @aawhof
7/30/2019 Volume 30, Issue 1, 2011
4/187 IIOA Oavs) Rniq`a 3=) Hssqa 4) ;=44
F{aawhofs b{n` @dhoa) vja{a wja idv scjnni hs ho
bqii svhof) vhowa{ `dx swd{w wn ka kajhog qs dog wja
raogn{ jnihgdx cnnehas jdra {qo nqw$ H vdowag wn
sdx wjdw idsw bdiis IIOA `aawhof) jnswag kx On{wj-
adswa{o Qohra{shwx Scjnni nb Idv vds do azcaiiaow
}{nf{d` iiag vhwj f{adw hgads bn{ h`}{nrhof vn{e-
}idca `n{dia$ D jad{wx wjdoe xnq wn Sqa \dfn dog
wja {asw nb wja On{wjadswa{o Qohra{shwx Idv Ihk{d{x
swdbb vjn }qw wnfawja{ d F[ADW `aawhof$
H oara{ cadsa wn ka h`}{assag kx wja jhfj tqdi-
hwx vn{e wja a`ka{s nb IIOA }{ngqca/ Wjhs hs d
`a`ka{ g{hrao n{fdoh|dwhno) iiag vhwj `dox wdi-
aowag }an}ia/ Vjao H lnhoag IIOA H cnqigow vdhw
wn faw hornirag dog vn{e vhwj wjasa wdiaowag }an}ia/
H d` sn fidg H rniqowaa{ag/ Wj{nqfj `x hornira-
`aow ho wjhs n{fdoh|dwhno H jdra cnowhoqag wn f{nv
ds d ihk{d{hdo5 kqw `n{a h`}n{wdowix) H jdra `dgasn`a idswhof b{haogsjh}s/ Wjhs hs d f{adw f{nq} wn
vn{e vhwj/ H jn}a wjdw wjnsa nb xnq vjn jdra kaao
wjhoehof dknqw rniqowaa{hof bn{ do IIOA cn``hwwaa
vhii gn lqsw wjdw/ Lnho qs$ Wjhs hs onw wja {sw cdii wn
dcwhno xnq jdra fnwwao b{n` `a dog hw vnow ka wja
idsw/ Wja Azacqwhra Knd{g vhii ka `aawhof wjhs vho-
wa{ wn c{adwa }idos bn{ hoc{adshof `a`ka{sjh} }d{-
whch}dwhno ho nq{ n{fdoh|dwhno/ H cdow h`dfhoa vjdw
IIOA cnqig dccn`}ihsj vhwj d `n{a vhgas}{adg)
ghra{sa f{nq} nb idv ihk{d{hdos hornirag/ Wdea d
`n`aow wn az}in{a wja IIOA vakshwa *jww}
7/30/2019 Volume 30, Issue 1, 2011
5/18
IIOA Oavs) Rniq`a 3=) Hssqa 4) ;=44 1
Doonqochof wja IIOA
IAFDI [ASAD[CJ HOSW[QCWHNO ][NF[D@Bhra vaaes nb jdogs-no hosw{qcwhno ho wja kdshc sehiis dog `dwa{hdis nb iafdi {asad{cj) wdqfjw kx
az}a{haocag idv ihk{d{hdos b{n` wja `a`ka{sjh} nb wja Idv Ihk{d{hdos nb Oav Aofidog *IIOA(/
Gdxs< Bhra Vagoasgdx Araohofs
Gdwas< @d{cj 42) ;=44 wn D}{hi 43) ;=44
Wh`as< 1
Kdshc Iafdi [asad{cj Bhoghof Dhgs dog nwja{ Sacnogd{x Snq{cas
Wja H`}n{wdoca nb Cdsas) Cnq{w Sw{qcwq{a) dog Vasw Ghfasws
Swdwqwas " Iafhsidwhra Jhswn{x
Dg`hohsw{dwhra Idv
Sw{dwafx n{ ]qwwhof hw dii Wnfawja{
Jdogs-no [asad{cj Aza{chsas
Cnqsa baa< '41=
Cnowdcw< Ihsd Lqofjdjo
[asad{cj Ihk{d{hdo " Kqshoass dog Cn{}n{dwa Idv S}achdihsw) Jd{rd{g Idv Scjnni Ihk{d{x
ilqofjdjoMidv/jd{rd{g/agq
246-782-;4;3
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]7/30/2019 Volume 30, Issue 1, 2011
6/182 IIOA Oavs) Rniq`a 3=) Hssqa 4) ;=44
Cnjao- Cnow/ b{n` }dfa 4/
sn{ dog Ihk{d{hdoP vjn jdg }qkihsjagD Ihsw nb
Iafdi W{adwhsas ]{howag ho wja K{hwhsj Cninohas dog
D`a{hcdo Swdwas Kabn{a 4:=4 dog vhwj jhs b{haog
dog bn{`a{ cniiadfqa Kdibnq{ Jdiarx {asnirag wn
cniidkn{dwa no d cn`}{ajaoshra khkihnf{d}jx nbD`a{hcdo idv gq{hof hws ad{ix garain}`aow/ Wja
aogadrn{ {atqh{ag oad{ix bnq{ gacdgas nb hos}acw-
hof `qiwh}ia cn}has nb knnes }a{wdhohof wn Q/ S/
idv wn 4:2= dog cn`}hihof dccq{dwa khkihnf{d}jhc
gasc{h}whnos nb wja`) d ja{cqiado wdse di`nsw ao-
wh{aix dccn`}ihsjag ho wja gdxs kabn{a vn{g }{n-
cassn{s/ Wja {asqiw hs wja `dfhswa{hdi `qiwh-rniq`a
Khkihnf{d}jx nb Ad{ix D`a{hcdo Idv *488:(/
@n{{hs {adih|ag wjdw idv scjnnis oaag `n{a wjdo
lqsw do nqwswdoghof cniiacwhno nb iafdi `dwa{hdis5
wjax disn oaagag abbacwhra }{nf{d`s dog gaghcdwag
swdbb wn bdchihwdwa wja howa{}{awdwhno nb wjnsa {a-snq{cas/
Ho jhs jnon{ wja Jd{rd{g Idv Ihk{d{x aswdkihsjag
ho ;==8 wja@n{{hs I/ Cnjao Baiinvsjh} ho D`a{h-
cdo Iafdi Khkihnf{d}jx dog Jhswn{x5 bqii gawdhis
d{a drdhidkia dw jww}
7/30/2019 Volume 30, Issue 1, 2011
7/18
IIOA Oavs) Rniq`a 3=) Hssqa 4) ;=44 6
Ehiihof wja Kqggjd
@af E{hkkia) Jd{rd{g Idv Scjnni Ihk{d{x
Nq{ aswaa`ag oavsiawwa{ aghwn{ Exia Cnq{woax jds
dseag `a wn v{hwa d cniq`o dknqw wacjoninfx dog
idv ihk{d{has) dog H d` gaihfjwag wn gn sn/ Jnv-
ara{) kabn{a H wdie dknqw dox s}achc wacj wnnis) H
vdow wn wdie dknqw az}a{ws/ Dqwjn{hwhas/ Fq{qs/ Xnq
eonv< eonv-hw-diis/
Bn{ wja ihk{d{hdo cnowa`}idwhof n{ kafhoohof wn
qsa d oav wacjoninfx n{ snchdi `aghd wnni) wja{a
d{a `dox snq{cas nb hobn{`dwhno no abbacwhra qsa)
kasw }{dcwhcas) dog gns dog gnows/ D tqhce Fnnfia
sad{cj vhii wq{o q} whwias ihea 1 Wh}s bn{ Kawwa{ Sn-
chdi Oawvn{ehof) 4; Vdxs wn Qsa Bdcaknne ]{n-
basshnodiix) 46 *46>( Vdxs Xnq Cdo Qsa Wvhwwa{/
Iqcex bn{ qs) wja{a d{a `dox ihk{d{hdos qshof wjasa
sa{rhcas }{nbasshnodiix) sn dgghof ihk{d{x wn wjdw
sad{cj vhii wq{o q} arao `n{a wd{fawag dgrhca/
@hzag ho vhwj wjasa {asqiws) `nsw nb vjhcj }{nrhga
f{adw hos}h{dwhno dog hgads bn{ lq`}hof hown qshof
sn`awjhof oav ds vaii ds qsabqi vd{ohofs dknqw}nwaowhdi }hwbdiis) d{a sn`a `n{a tqaswhnodkia
}{nonqoca`aows/ Saib-}{ncidh`ag snchdi `aghd
az}a{ws dog vdoodka fq{qs dssa{whof wjdw xnq
@QSW qsa Wvhwwa{ WJHS AZDCW VDX n{ aisa) ho
inis}ade) q{ gnho hw v{nof/ Hra arao saao sn`a
ihk{d{hdos fawwhof ho no wjhs dcw }{ncidh`hof wjdw hb
xnq gnow qsa wnni Z) xnq{a on inofa{ {aiardow/
V{nof/
Kx dii `ados) {adg dii wja dgrhca xnq cdo swdog/Cjace nqw jnv nwja{ ihk{d{has dog arao kqshoassas
d{a qshof wja wnni xnq{a cnoshga{hof/ Kqw disn
horaswhfdwa vjawja{ xnq{ cn``qohwx hs iheaix wn
ka howa{aswag/ Wdie wn nwja{ ihk{d{hdos ho nq{ aig/
*Wja{a hs d fnng-sh|ag cnowhofaow nb idv ihk{d{hdos
hornirag ho wja `dln{ snchdi oawvn{es/( Dog wjao
cn`a wn xnq{ nvo cnociqshnos dknqw jnv wn kasw
qsa wjdw wacjoninfx ho xnq{ ihk{d{x/
Ja{as do azd`}ia< idsw xad{ H vds dw d }{asaowd-
whno bn{ ihk{d{hdos kx d bqii-wh`a cn``qohcd-
whnos }{nbasshnodi vjn swdwag wjdw hb xnq cdow kano Wvhwwa{ ;7.6) wjao xnq sjnqigow qsa hw dw dii/
Qobn{wqodwaix) wjdw dgrhca cdqsag d ihk{d{hdo vjn
jdg lqsw swd{wag }idxhof vhwj Wvhwwa{ wn dkdogno
ja{ az}a{h`aow kabn{a sja arao jdg d cjdoca wn saa
hb hw `hfjw ka d qsabqi cn``qohcdwhno wnni bn{ ja{
ihk{d{x/ Wja ;7.6 {qia `dx ka w{qa bn{ {a}{asaowd-
whras nb `dln{ cn{}n{dwhnos) kqw wjdw gnasow `ado
hws w{qa bn{ idv ihk{d{has/ H inne dw {a}ihas wn nq{
ihk{d{x Wvhwwa{ dccnqow dknqw noca d gdx dog cjace
wja a`dhi dgg{ass vja{a wja oav bniinva{ onwhcd-
whnos fn wn dknqw noca d vaae) dog wjdw vn{es bn{`a/ Va{a kqhighof do dqghaoca sinvix) dog ho wja
`adowh`a H` bdh{ix cnogaow wjdw on noa vjn
oaags wn {adcj qs q{faowix hs fnhof wn dwwa`}w wn gn
sn rhd Wvhwwa{/
Wja }a{sno vjn eonvs xnq{ }dw{nos dog xnq{ ih-
k{d{x kasw hs xnq/ Hb xnq `aaw do az}a{w ho wja {ndg
vjn waiis xnq wjdw sja eonvs wja kasw vdx wn {adcj
xnq{ cn``qohwxvaii) xnq }{nkdkix sjnqigow
ehii ja{) kqw xnq sjnqig gaohwaix wdea ja{ dgrhcavhwj d f{dho nb sdiw/ Wjdw fnas bn{ doxwjhof H `hfjw
jd}}ao wn v{hwa ja{a wnn/
CC MIdh{g Fdiidfja{) jww}
7/30/2019 Volume 30, Issue 1, 2011
8/18: IIOA Oavs) Rniq`a 3=) Hssqa 4) ;=44
Cnow/ no oazw }dfa/
B[N@ WJA
D[CJHRASKX @hea Jqfjas) Dssnchdwa Ghacwn nb wja Idv
Ihkdx) Tqhooh}hdc Qohrashwx
Onwjadswao Qohrashwx Scjnni nb Idv Ihkdx
ca{wdhoix knnswag nq{ `n{dia dw wja IIOA Bdii
;=4= @aawhof vhwj wjah{ }{nf{d` no H`}{nra Xnq{
Vn{e}idca Jadiwj$ Honcqidwa Dfdhosw Kdg @n{dia/
Ho wja }dsw) On{wjadswa{o disn k{nqfjw qs wn}hcs no
Cnowa`}n{d{x Cjq{cj Swdwa [aidwhnosjh}s5 @do-
dfa`aow Sehiis W{dhohof5 dog wja {a`d{edkia Ds
Xnq Iad{o Hw n{ Wja Ihk{d{hdos Iassno ho Wvn
Dcws }{nf{d` no ihk{d{hdos ds wadcja{s dog w{dho-
a{s/
Wja Xdia Idv Scjnni Ihiihdo Fnig`do Ihkdx
jds jnswag `aawhofs no wja Az}a{haocas nb Bn{ahfo
Idv Swqgaows ho Qohwag Swdwas dog Xdias Vn{ig
Cn``qohwx5 wja Scjnni Kqshof Cnow{nra{sx
dog ]{ashgaowhdi Ihk{d{has5 Oav Aofidogs Iafdi
Ja{hwdfa5 Iafdi Agqcdwhno< ]dsw " Bqwq{a dog
Cniiacwhno @dodfa`aow< ]dsw) ]{asaow " Bqwq{a5
dog Fnra{o`aow Gncq`aows dog Dg`hohsw{dwhra
[afqidwhnos/ Wja S}{hof ;=44 `aawhof vhii ka no
}{asaowdwhno sehiis/
Wja{a vds d wh`a vjao IIOA @aawhofs wnne
}idca onw noix no B{hgdxs kqw b{n` Wjq{s-
gdx araohof wj{nqfj Sdwq{gdx ds vaii/
Ja{a hs do azd`}ia b{n` wja Bdii 48:; }{nf{d`
jnswag kx Xdia
7/30/2019 Volume 30, Issue 1, 2011
9/18
IIOA Oavs) Rniq`a 3=) Hssqa 4) ;=44 8
Dcjhras///cnow/ b{n` }{ar/ }dfa/
7/30/2019 Volume 30, Issue 1, 2011
10/184= IIOA Oavs) Rniq`a 3=) Hssqa 4) ;=44
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