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Lesson 1
4
Lesson 1 outline
Embedded system
MCU manufacturers
Microcontrollers ARM
NXP Kinetis KL25Z
Rapid prototyping
Experimental laboratory equipment
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Embedded control system
Embedded system It is purpose-specific system embedded in controlled device.
It is maximally optimized for particular application in term of performance, reliability, dimensions and cost.
Majority of electronic devices are embedded systems such as ATM, calculators, selling machines, cell phones etc.
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Executive units
Every embedded systems is a some kind of „computer“
System core is composed from one or more programmable chips.
MPU (microprocessor)
MCU (microcontroller)
FPGA (programmablegate array)
SoC (system on chip)
… and more
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Major MCU manufacturers
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NXP (also former Freescale products)
Renesas (NEC Electronics, MitshubishiElectric, Hitachi)
Microchip (also formerAtmel products)
ST Microelectronics
Texas Instument
… and others
Basic terms
MPU vs. MPU
Pipeline
ALU, FPU
RISC vs. CICS processor
Hadvard vs. Von Neumann
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ARM Cortex-M
Group of 32 bit processor core RISC type.
Manufacturet in the present: Cortex-M0 (ARMv6-M, 3 level pipeline)
Cortex-M0+ (ARMv6-M, 2 level pipeline, optimized instruction set)
Cortex-M1 (ARMv6-M, optimized core for FPGA)
Cortex-M3 (ARMv7-M)
Cortex-M4 (ARMv7-M, possibility of FPU)
Cortex-M7 (ARMv7-M, hi-power core, 6 level pipeline)
Cortex-M23 (ARMv8-M, security instructions, 2 level pipeline)
Cortex-M33 (ARMv8-M, security instructions, 3 level pipeline)
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ARM core summary
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ARM CoreCortex
M0CortexM0+
CortexM1
CortexM3
CortexM4
CortexM7
CortexM23
CortexM33
Thumb-1 instructions Most Most Most Entire Entire Entire Most Entire
Thumb-2 instructions Some Some Some Entire Entire Entire Some Entire
Multiply instructions 32-bit result32-bit result
32-bit result32-bit result64-bit result
32-bit result64-bit result
32-bit result64-bit result
32-bit result32-bit result64-bit result
Divide instructions No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Saturated instructions
No No No Some Yes Yes No Yes
DSP instructions No No No No Yes Yes No Optional
Floating-point instructions
No No No No Optional: SPOptional: SPor SP & DP
No Optional: SP
TrustZone instructions
No No No No No No Optional Optional
Instruction pipeline 3 stages 2 stages 3 stages 3 stages 3 stages 6 stages 2 stages 3 stages
Computerarchitecture
Von NeumanVon
NeumannVon
NeumannHarvard Harvard Harvard
Von Neumann
Harvard
ARM architecture ARMv6-M ARMv6-M ARMv6-M ARMv7-M[ ARMv7E-M ARMv7E-M ARMv8-M ARMv8-M
SysTick
Contains (every) ARM Cortex-M
Simple decrement 24 bit timer
Clocking by core frequency
Aimed for OS implementation
Possibility usage for general timing
Generation periodicly exception
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Programmer model
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AHB bus
Bus (not-only) ARM Cortex-M0/M1/M3/M4: so calledAHB (AMBA Hi-perf Bus)
AHB has crossbar topology -> it is possible simultaneous communication different master to slave ports
Not all master ports has to be connected to slave ports
Arbitrary is constructed on hardaware level -> control byfixed priority or round-robin
Arbitrary is transparent in the program implementaion
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AHB bus
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MCU NXP Kinetis
Product line 32 bit low-power MCU on base ARM Cortex-M
http://www.nxp.com/products/microcontrollers-and-processors/arm-processors/kinetis-cortex-m-mcus:KINETIS
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Kinetis K family
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Kinetis KL family
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MCU KL2x
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MCU KL25Z
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Rapid prototyping
NXP Tower system
NXP Freedom board
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FRDM KL25Z
NXP KL25Z Kinetis KL2 MCU (MKL25Z128VLK4) Highperformance ARM® Cortex™-M0+ Core
48MHz, 16KB RAM, 128KB FLASH
2xSPI, 2xI2C, 3xUART, 6xPWM, 6xADC, TouchSensor, GPIO
FRDM-KL25Z Onboard peripherals MMA8451Q -3-axis accelerometer
PWM ControlledRGB LED
Capacitive touchsensor
EvalutionForm factor 81mm x 53mm
5V USB or4.5-9V supply
Built-in USB drag'n' drop FLASH programmer
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EB308 – EDU Platform
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References
http://infocenter.arm.com/help/topic/com.arm.doc.dui0662b/DUI0662B_cortex_m0p_r0p1_dgug.pdf
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Thank you for your attention
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