VTCT Level 2 Award in Emergency First Aid at Work … of... · AG20483F_v4 VTCT Level 2 Award in Emergency First Aid at Work (QCF) Operational start date: 1 March 2013 Credit value:

AG20483F_v4

VTCT Level 2 Award in Emergency First Aid at Work (QCF)Operational start date: 1 March 2013Credit value: 1Guided learning hours (GLH): 8Qualification number: 600/8171/5

Statement of unit achievementBy signing this statement of unit achievement you are confirming that all learning outcomes, assessment criteria and range statements (if/where applicable) have been achieved under specified conditions, and that the evidence gathered is authentic.

This statement of unit achievement table must be completed prior to claiming certification.

Unit code Date achieved Learner signature

Assessor initials

IV signature (if sampled)

Mandatory units

UV21570

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The qualification

Introduction National Occupational Standards (NOS)

During the VTCT Level 2 Award in Emergency First Aid at Work (QCF), you will learn the roles and responsibilities expected of an emergency first aider. You will be able to assess, recognise and manage a casualty with a range of injuries and symptoms.

Upon successful completion of this qualification you will become an approved emergency first aider. The Emergency First Aid at Work (EFAW) certificate is valid for three years.

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Units in this qualification have been mapped to the relevant NOS (where applicable). This qualification is accredited on the Qualifications and Credit Framework (QCF).

This qualification is approved and supported by Skills for Health, the sector skills council for health and is accepted by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) for the purposes of compliance with regulation 3(2) of the Health and Safety (First Aid) Regulations 1981.

This qualification is also accepted by the Health and Safety Executive for Northern Ireland (HSENI).

Prerequisites

There are no formal prerequisite qualifications that you must have prior to undertaking this qualification.

Your centre will have ensured that you have the required knowledge, understanding and skills to enrol and successfully achieve this qualification.

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Progression

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On successful completion of this qualification it is expected that you will provide emergency first aid in a safe, prompt and effective manner.You may choose to undertake further study; qualifications you could progress to include:• VTCT Level 3 Award in First Aid at Work

You must adhere to Skills for Health’s Assessment Principles for First Aid Qualifications. This can be downloaded from the Qualifications section of the VTCT website http://www.vtct.org.uk.

If you are delivering this qualification in Northern Ireland you must also refer to Additional First Aid Guidance for Northern Ireland. This too can be downloaded from the Qualifcations section of the VTCT website.

Guidance for Assessors and Internal Quality Assurers

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Qualification structure

Mandatory units - 1 creditVTCT unit code

Ofqual unit reference Unit title Credit value GLH

UV21570 A/504/4517 Emergency first aid in the workplace 1 8

Total credits required - 1

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All mandatory units must be completed.

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Guidance on assessment

This book contains the mandatory units that make up this qualification. Optional units will be provided in additional booklets (if applicable). Where indicated, VTCT will provide assessment materials. Assessments may be internal or external. The method of assessment is indicated in each unit.

Internal assessment (any requirements will be shown in the unit)

Assessment is set, marked and internally verified by the centre to clearly demonstrate achievement of the learning outcomes. Assessment is sampled by VTCT external verifiers.

Assessment explained

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VTCT qualifications are assessed and verified by centre staff. Work will be set to improve your practical skills, knowledge and understanding. For practical elements, you will be observed by your assessor. All your work must be collected in a portfolio of evidence and cross-referenced to requirements listed in this record of assessment book.

Your centre will have an internal verifier whose role is to check that your assessment and evidence is valid and reliable and meets VTCT and regulatory requirements.

An external verifier, appointed by VTCT, will visit your centre to sample and quality-check assessments, the internal verification process and the evidence gathered. You may be asked to attend on a different day from usual if requested by the external verifier.

This record of assessment book is your property and must be in your possession when you are being assessed or verified. It must be kept safe. In some cases your centre will be required to keep it in a secure place. You and your course assessor will together complete this book to show achievement of all learning outcomes, assessment criteria and ranges.

External assessment (any requirements will be shown in the unit)

Externally assessed question papers completed electronically will be set and marked by VTCT.

Externally assessed hard-copy question papers will be set by VTCT, marked by centre staff and sampled by VTCT external verifiers.

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Creating a portfolio of evidence

As part of this qualification you are required to produce a portfolio of evidence. A portfolio will confirm the knowledge, understanding and skills that you have learnt. It may be in electronic or paper format.

Your assessor will provide guidance on how to prepare the portfolio of evidence and how to show practical achievement and understanding of the knowledge required to successfully complete this qualification. It is this booklet along with the portfolio of evidence that will serve as the prime source of evidence for this qualification.

Evidence in the portfolio may take the following forms:

• Observed work• Witness statements• Audio-visual media • Evidence of prior learning or attainment• Written questions• Oral questions• Assignments• Case studies

All evidence should be documented in the portfolio and cross-referenced to unit outcomes. Constructing the portfolio of evidence should not be left to the end of the course.

Many frequently asked questions and other useful information are detailed in the VTCT Candidate’s Handbook, which is available on the VTCT website at www.vtct.org.uk/students. Other questions should be addressed to the tutor, lecturer or assessor.

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Unit assessment methods

This section provides an overview of the assessment methods that make up each unit in this qualification. Detailed information on assessment is provided in each unit.

Mandatory units External Internal

VTCT unit code Unit title Question

paper(s) Observation(s) Portfolio of Evidence

UV21570 Emergency first aid in the workplace 0

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Unit glossary

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Description

VTCT product code

All units are allocated a unique VTCT product code for identification purposes. This code should be quoted in all queries and correspondence to VTCT.

Unit title The title clearly indicates the focus of the unit.

National Occupational Standards (NOS)

NOS describe the skills, knowledge and understanding needed to undertake a particular task or job to a nationally recognised level of competence.

Level

Level is an indication of the demand of the learning experience; the depth and/or complexity of achievement and independence in achieving the learning outcomes. There are 9 levels of achievement within the Qualifications and Credit Framework (QCF).

Credit valueThis is the number of credits awarded upon successful achievement of all unit outcomes. Credit is a numerical value that represents a means of recognising, measuring, valuing and comparing achievement.

Guided learning hours (GLH)

The number of hours of teacher-supervised or directed study time required to teach a qualification or unit of a qualification.

Observations This indicates the minimum number of competent observations, per outcome, required to achieve the unit.

Learning outcomes

The learning outcomes are the most important component of the unit; they set out what is expected in terms of knowing, understanding and practical ability as a result of the learning process. Learning outcomes are the results of learning.

Evidence requirements This section provides guidelines on how evidence must be gathered.

Observation outcome

An observation outcome details the tasks that must be practically demonstrated to achieve the unit.

Knowledge outcome

A knowledge outcome details the theoretical requirements of a unit that must be evidenced through oral questioning, a mandatory written question paper, a portfolio of evidence or other forms of evidence.

Assessment criteria

Assessment criteria set out what is required, in terms of achievement, to meet a learning outcome. The assessment criteria and learning outcomes are the components that inform the learning and assessment that should take place. Assessment criteria define the standard expected to meet learning outcomes.

Range The range indicates what must be covered. Ranges must be practically demonstrated in parallel with the unit’s observation outcomes.

UV21570Emergency first aid in the workplace

The aim of this unit is to develop the knowledge, understanding and practical skills required to carry out emergency first aid in the workplace, including scene surveys and primary surveys of casualties.

You will learn the roles and responsibilities of a first aider and be able to assess, recognise and manage a casualty with a range of injuries and symptoms. These will include casualties who are unresponsive and not breathing normally, unresponsive and breathing normally, choking, in shock, suffering from external bleeding and minor injuries.

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Observation(s)

GLH

Credit value

Level

External paper(s)

1

8

1

2

0

On completion of this unit you will:

Learning outcomes Evidence requirements

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1. Be able to assess an incident

2. Be able to manage an unresponsive casualty who is breathing normally

3. Be able to manage an unresponsive casualty who is not breathing normally

4. Be able to recognise and assist a casualty who is choking

5. Be able to manage a casualty with external bleeding

6. Be able to manage a casualty who is in shock

7. Be able to manage a casualty with a minor injury

8. Understand the role and responsibilities of a first aider

1. Environment Evidence for this unit may be gathered within the workplace or realistic working environment (RWE).

2. Simulation Simulation may be used in this unit.

3. Observation outcomes Competent performance of Observation outcomes must be demonstrated on at least one occasion. Assessor observations, witness testimonies and products of work are likely to be the most appropriate sources of performance evidence. Professional discussion may be used as supplementary evidence for those criteria that do not naturally occur.

4. Knowledge outcomes There must be evidence that you possess all the knowledge and understanding listed in the Knowledge section of this unit. In most cases this can be done by professional discussion and/or oral questioning. Other methods, such as projects, assignments and/or reflective accounts may also be used.

5. Tutor/Assessor guidance You will be guided by your tutor/assessor on how to achieve learning outcomes in this unit. All outcomes must be achieved.

6. External paper There is no external paper requirement for this unit.

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Emergency first aid in the workplace

Achieving observation outcomes

Achieving range

Achieving observations and range

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Your assessor will observe your performance of practical tasks. The minimum number of competent observations required is indicated in the Evidence requirements section of this unit.

Criteria may not always naturally occur during a practical observation. In such instances you will be asked questions to demonstrate your competence in this area. Your assessor will document the criteria that have been achieved through professional discussion and/or oral questioning. This evidence will be recorded by your assessor in written form or by other appropriate means.

Your assessor will sign off a learning outcome when all criteria have been competently achieved.

There is no range section that applies to this unit.

You must adhere to Skills for Health’s Assessment Principles for First Aid Qualifications. This can be downloaded from the Qualifications section of the VTCT website http://www.vtct.org.uk.

When delivering this unit in Northern Ireland you must also refer to Additional First Aid Guidance for Northern Ireland. This too can be downloaded from the Qualifcations section of the VTCT website.

Guidance for Assessors and Internal Quality Assurers

Learning outcome 1

Observations

You can:

Observation 1 Optional OptionalCriteria questioned orally

Date achieved

Portfolio reference

Learner signature

Assessor initials

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*May be assessed by supplementary evidence.

Be able to assess an incident

a. Conduct a scene survey

b. Conduct a primary survey of a casualty

Learning outcome 2

You can:


Date achieved

Portfolio reference

Learner signature

Assessor initials

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a. Assess a casualty’s level of consciousness

b. Open a casualty’s airway and check breathing

c. Place an unresponsive casualty in the recovery position

d. Manage a casualty who is in seizure*

Be able to manage an unresponsive casualty who is breathing normally


Learning outcome 3

You can:


Date achieved

Portfolio reference

Learner signature

Assessor initials

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a. Recognise the need to commence Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)

b. Demonstrate Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation using a manikin

Be able to manage an unresponsive casualty who is not breathing normally


Learning outcome 4

You can:


Date achieved

Portfolio reference

Learner signature

Assessor initials

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a. Administer first aid to a casualty who is

choking*

Be able to recognise and assist a casualty who is choking


Learning outcome 5

You can:


Date achieved

Portfolio reference

Learner signature

Assessor initials

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a. Control external bleeding

Be able to manage a casualty with external bleeding


Learning outcome 6

You can:


Date achieved

Portfolio reference

Learner signature

Assessor initials

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a. Recognise shock*b. Administer first aid to a casualty who is in

shock*

Be able to manage a casualty who is in shock


Learning outcome 7

You can:


Date achieved

Portfolio reference

Learner signature

Assessor initials

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a. Administer first aid to a casualty with small cuts, grazes and bruises

b. Administer first aid to a casualty with minor burns and scalds

c. Administer first aid to a casualty with small splinters

Be able to manage a casualty with a minor injury


Achieving knowledge outcomes

Developing knowledge

You will be guided by your tutor and assessor on the evidence that needs to be produced. Your knowledge and understanding will be assessed using the assessment methods listed below*:

• Projects• Observed work• Witness statements• Audio-visual media • Evidence of prior learning or attainment• Written questions• Oral questions• Assignments• Case studies• Professional discussion

Where applicable your assessor will integrate knowledge outcomes into practical observations through professional discussion and/or oral questioning.

When a criterion has been orally questioned and achieved, your assessor will record this evidence in written form or by other appropriate means. There is no need for you to produce additional evidence as this criterion has already been achieved.

Some knowledge and understanding outcomes may require you to show that you know and understand how to do something. If you have practical evidence from your own work that meets knowledge criteria, then there is no requirement for you to be questioned again on the same topic.

*This is not an exhaustive list.

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Knowledge

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Learning outcome 1

Be able to assess an incident

You can: Portfolio reference

c. Give examples of when to call for help

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Learning outcome 2

Be able to manage an unresponsive casualty who is breathing normally


e. Explain why it is important to place an unconscious casualty into the recovery position

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Learning outcome 4

Be able to recognise and assist a casualty who is choking


b. Describe how to identify a casualty with a • partially blocked airway • completely blocked airway

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Learning outcome 5

Be able to manage a casualty with external bleeding


b. Identify the types of external bleeding

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Learning outcome 8

Understand the role and responsibilities of a first aider


a. Identify the role and responsibilities of a first aider

b. Describe how to minimise the risk of infection to self and others

c. Identify the need for establishing consent to provide first aid

d. Complete an accident report form

e. Identify the first aid equipment that should be available in a workplace

f. Describe the safe use of first aid equipment

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Outcome 1: Be able to assess an incident

Unit content

This section provides guidance on the recommended knowledge and skills required to enable you to achieve each of the learning outcomes in this unit. Your tutor/assessor will ensure you have the opportunity to cover all of the unit content.

Conducting a scene survey: Assess for danger, make safe approach to assess casualties, wearing of protective equipment, assessment of scene (type of incident, factors involved in the incident, number of casualties, mechanism of injuries, ages of those involved, potential injuries, specialist help required).

Conduct primary survey of casualty: Primary survey (initial/rapid assessment of casualty), purpose (establish and treat conditions that are an immediate threat to life), check for response (unconscious casualties take priority), shout for help, check casualty’s airway is open and clear (if unconscious use the head tilt and chin lift method), check to see if casualty is breathing (look, listen and feel for up to 10 seconds), check for other life threatening conditions and treat (e.g. severe blood loss), if not breathing (call 999/112 and commence CPR).

Examples of when to call for help: Life-saving priorities, casualty not breathing, difficulty breathing, unconsciousness, unresponsive, severe burns or blood loss, anaphylaxis, heart attack, stroke, poisoning, fractured lower limbs, spinal injury, repeated seizures.

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Outcome 2: Be able to manage an unresponsive casualty who is breathing normally

Assessing level of consciousness: Observing the casualty on approach, calling out to casualty, use of AVPU scale (Alert, response to Voice, response to Pain, Unresponsive).

Opening a casualty’s airway/breathing check: Head tilt, chin lift, look for chest movement, listen for sounds of breathing, feel for breaths on your cheek.

Placing unconscious casualty into recovery position: Carry out following secondary survey, kneel on floor to one side of casualty, remove spectacles, remove bulky objects in pockets, place casualty’s arm nearest you at right angles to their body (bent at elbow with hand pointing upwards), take their other hand with your palm against theirs (palm to palm), place back of their hand onto their opposite cheek (keep your hand there to guide and support head as you roll them), use your other arm to reach across to the casualty’s knee (furthest away from you), pull up on knee so that leg is bent, foot flat onto floor, gently pull knee towards you (so that they roll over onto side facing you, keep spine in line (pubic bone, sternum, chin)), move bent top leg in front of their body (resting on floor), head positioned to maintain open airway, check breathing, monitor vital signs.

Manage casualty in seizure: Try to ease fall, protect casualty (make area around them safe, make space, protect the head (surround with soft padding)), loosen tight clothing, do not restrain, ask bystanders to move away, note the time seizure started and duration.

When seizures have ceased – open casualty’s airway, check breathing,

recovery position if breathing, monitor vital signs.

Call 999/112 – if casualty’s first seizure, if seizure lasts more than 5 minutes, repeated seizures, if casualty remains unconscious for more than 10 minutes, if they are injured.

Importance of placing unconscious casualty into recovery position: Maintaining an open airway, prevent choking (blood, vomit or saliva), prevent swallowing tongue.

Outcome 3: Be able to manage an unresponsive casualty who is not breathing normally

Recognise need to commence CPR: If not breathing (send helper to call 999/112, ask helper to bring AED if available), commence CPR, if alone call 999/112 as soon as you know that the casualty is not breathing and before commencing CPR.

Administering CPR:

Chest compressions – kneel beside casualty, ensure firm flat surface, apply correct hand position/technique (heel of one hand in the centre of casualty’s chest, place heel of other hand on top (interlock fingers)), lean directly over casualty’s chest, with arms straight, press down vertically 5-6cm on breastbone, release pressure without removing hands, administer 30 compressions (rate of 100-120 per minute).

Rescue breaths – open airway using head tilt and chin lift method, pinch soft part of nose with finger and thumb (seal nostrils), seal your mouth around casualty’s and administer a breath, maintain a good seal, blow steadily (about one second) into casualty’s mouth until chest rises, remove your mouth keeping the airway open, look to see casualty’s chest fall, provide second rescue breath, return hands to chest, repeat 30 chest compressions (without delay), followed by two rescue breaths.

Unable or unwilling to carry out rescue breaths – unable (due to blood loss, injury disfigurement, unable to create seal, or suspected chemical ingestion), unwilling (chest compressions only may be given).

CPR and drowning – start CPR with 5 rescue breaths and then 30 compressions for 1 minute before going for help.

Continue cycle until – emergency help

arrives and takes over, casualty starts to breathe normally, or you become too exhausted to carry on.

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Outcome 4: Be able to recognise and assist a casualty who is choking

Administer first aid to choking casualty:

If breathing – encourage to continue coughing, remove obvious obstructions from the mouth.

Back blows – commence back blows (if casualty cannot speak, stops coughing or breathing), technique (upper body supported and casualty leaning forward), apply up to five sharp blows between shoulder blades with heel of hand, stop if obstruction clears and check mouth.

Abdominal thrusts – commence abdominal thrusts (if back blows fail to clear obstruction), technique (standing behind casualty, both arms around upper part of abdomen, casualty bending well forwards, clench fist and place between casualty’s navel and bottom of breastbone, grasp fist firmly with other hand, pull sharply inwards and upwards (up to five times), check mouth).

If obstruction does not clear – repeat back blows and abdominal thrusts up to three times, check mouth after each step, if not cleared call 999/112, continue until help arrives or casualty becomes unconscious.

Identifying partially blocked airway: Casualty able to speak, cough, breathe, may be pointing to throat/grasping neck.

Identifying completely blocked airway: Casualty unable to speak, cough, breathe, may be pointing to throat/grasping neck, eventual loss of consciousness.

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Outcome 6: Be able to manage a casualty who is in shock

Recognise shock: Initially (rapid pulse, pale, cold, clammy, sweating skin), as shock develops (rapid, shallow breathing, a weak ‘thready’ pulse (may disappear at the wrist if high volume blood loss), grey-blue skin or cyanosis, weakness and dizziness, thirst, nausea, possible vomiting, as brain’s oxygen supply weakens (restlessness, aggressiveness, yawning, gasping for air, unconsciousness), finally heart will stop).

Administer first aid to casualty in shock: Help casualty to lie down, reassure casualty, treat possible causes of shock (e.g. severe bleeding, serious burns), raise/support casualty’s legs above level of heart to improve blood supply to vital organs (if injuries permit), prevent unnecessary movement, loosen tight clothing (neck, chest, waist), call 999/112, keep warm using coats or blankets, do not overheat, monitor/record vital signs.

Outcome 5: Be able to manage a casualty with external bleeding

Control external bleeding: Sit or lie casualty down, remove/cut clothing to expose the wound, use gloves if available, apply direct pressure (if object embedded apply indirect pressure either side of embedded object), apply pressure with fingers using sterile dressing/clean, non-fluffy pad, if no dressing (get casualty to apply pressure themselves), raise and support injured limb, support injuried part in raised position above the level of casualty’s heart (reducing blood loss), treat for shock, if possible raise/support the legs above level of the heart, support injured part in raised position with sling/bandage, check circulation beyond bandage every ten minutes (if circulation impaired, loosen bandage and reapply), call 999/112 for emergency help, monitor/record vital signs, use acronym SEEP (Sit or lie casualty down, Examine/Expose the wound, Elevate above the level of the heart, Pressure applied).

Blood seeping through dressing – apply second dressing on top of first, if blood

seeps through this (remove both dressings, apply fresh dressing ensuring pressure applied at point of bleeding).

Identify types of external bleeding: Bleeding classified by type of blood vessel damaged.

Arteries – carry oxygenated blood (bright red colour), under pressure, bleed profusely if damaged, blood spurts with heartbeat.

Veins – carry de-oxygenated blood (dark red colour), under less pressure, vein walls can widen causing blood to pool (e.g. varicose vein), if large vein/varicose vein is damaged blood will gush out profusely.

Capillary – capillaries damaged with any wound, blood loss usually slight, bruising (result of ruptured capillaries under the skin, causing bleeding into tissues).

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Outcome 7: Be able to manage a casualty with a minor injury

Administer first aid (small cuts, grazes and bruises):

Small cuts, grazes – if area dirty (clean by rinsing under running water/use alcohol-free wipes), wipe away from wound (using clean swab/wipe for each stroke), pat wound dry with gauze swab, cover with sterile gauze, raise/support injured part above level of heart, avoid touching wound, remove wound covering and apply a sterile dressing, if risk of infection advise casualty to seek medical advice.

Bruises – raise/support injured body part in comfortable position, apply firm pressure to the bruise using a cold compress for at least 10 minutes.

Administer first aid (minor burns and scalds): Flood injured body part with cold water (for at least 10 minutes, 20 minutes for chemical burns, or until pain is relieved), remove jewellery, watches, belts or constricting clothing from injured area, cover burn (kitchen film, a clean plastic bag (cover foot or hand), sterile dressing or non-fluffy pad), bandage loosely, seek medical advice (if casualty is a child, the burn appears to be full thickness, or if in any doubt about casualty’s condition), do not apply fats or ointments, burst blisters or apply adhesive dressings.

Administer first aid (small splinters): Gently clean area around splinter with soap and warm water, grasp splinter with tweezers as close to skin as possible, draw splinter out in straight line (same angle it entered), take care splinter does not break, carefully squeeze wound to encourage a little bleeding (flush out remaining dirt), clean/dry wound and cover.

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Outcome 8: Understand the role and responsibilities of a first aider

Roles and responsibilities: Assess situation (quickly, calmly), assess casualty, comfort/reassure casualty, protect yourself/casualties from danger, prevent cross-infection, provide early treatment, preserve life, prevent worsening, promote recovery, treat casualties with most serious conditions first, arrange for appropriate help, call 999/112, completion of accident reports/incident book, restocking first aid kit.

Minimising risk of infection: Use barriers (e.g. pocket mask), wash hands, wear latex free disposable gloves, covering cuts and grazes (waterproof dressings), wear plastic apron (if dealing with large quantities of body fluids), wear plastic glasses (protect eyes), safe disposal of waste, avoid touching wound with bare hands, avoid breathing, coughing or sneezing over wound.

Establishing consent to provide first aid: Identify who you are (I am a first aider), ask permission to treat casualty (casualties have right to refuse treatment), inform injured party of your actions (while performing them), provide a dialogue of your actions if casualty unresponsive (implied consent).

Complete accident report form: Forms (standard format, workplace specific), applicable information (full name of casualty, date/time of incident, what occurred (if known), nature of injury, treatment given, name of any witnesses, what medical help was sought (if any), name and signature of person dealing with accident/incident).

First aid equipment that should be available in a workplace: Follow current guidelines, sterile dressings, bandages

(triangular, conforming), safety pins, dressings (finger, burn relief), eye pads (with bandage), eye wash, assorted washproof plasters, moist cleansing wipes, microporous tapes, nitrile gloves, universal shears, foil blanket, mouth to mouth resuscitation device, equipment/contents amended according to risk (e.g. blue plasters in catering, workplace specific equipment).

Safe use of first aid equipment: First aiders should be familiar with contents of first aid kit, should be able to use equipment competently and safely, regular training recommended.

Automated external defibrillator (AED) – training recommended, anyone can use in event of emergency (turn on AED and follow voice prompts).

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Documents

VTCT Level 2 Award in Emergency First Aid at Work … of... · AG20483F_v4 VTCT Level 2 Award in Emergency First Aid at Work (QCF) Operational start date: 1 March 2013 Credit value: