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WARM- UP DEC 2, 2013 23 DAYS UNTIL SANTA COMES
Why do we Classify organisms? What is cladogram? And describe what it shows
us? What is a common ancestor?
Describe 3 different ways scientists can prove common ancestry between a cat and a dog
BACTERIA AND VIRUSES Biology- Classification
Miss. Schwippert
BACTERIA
Eubacteria Largest Kingdom Live Everywhere Have cell wall made
of peptidoglycan Some have second
membrane Spores
Look similar and lack nuclei
Have cell wall but NO peptidoglygan and have a different lipid
DNA show relation to eukaryotes
Live in VERY harsh environments HOT, Salty, No
Oxygen
Eubacteria Archaebacteria
IDENTIFY BY SHAPE Bacilli= Rod Cocci= Spherical Spiralla= Spiral
CELL WALL Gram staining Gram Positive- has
peptidoglycan cell wall Will turn violet
Gram Negative- no peptioglycan cell wall Will be a lighter color (pink)
MOVEMENT Some don’t move Some have
Flagella Cilia or Pili
GROWTH AND REPRODUCTION Most reproduce very rapidly Some reproduce every 20 mins
In 48 hours there would be over 4000 times the amount of bacteria that we started with
Binary fission- Asexual Conjugation- transfer DNA Spore Formation- (endosprore) enclose DNA in
a thick protein coating- will protect DNA from the environment
IMPORTANCE TO HUMANS
Decomposers- will break down dead organisms Clean sewage Eat dead tissue
Nitrogen fixation Will take N2gas and make NH3 a compound plants
and animals can use Human use-
In stomach- help make vitamins (biotin and Vit K) Digest petroleum Clean water pollution
VIRUS- LATIN= “POISON”
Have nucleic acids, protein, and come have lipids
But they ARE NOT living Core = RNA or DNA that is surrounded by
protein coat Will bind to a receptor on the host
and infect their DNA into the host
VIRUSES- NOT LIVING
Reproduction- only with a host cell
Genetic code- DNA or RNA Growth/ development- NO Obtain and use energy- NO Response to environment-
NO Change overtime- Yes
Asexual or sexual
DNA Yes Yes Yes
Virus Living Cell
LYTIC CYCLE Make copies of itself and infect host
cell Cell cannot tell the difference between
virus’ DNA and its own Will transcribe and translate viral DNA Viral DNA and protein will eventually
chop and KILL the host cell Only after hundred of copies of the virus
was made
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3DP-MAhr0YY
LYSOGENIC Will integrate itself into the host DNA Will remain dormant for some time It will eventually replicate itself along with the
host DNA
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P91nIGt1axs
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68I7JlVhuhY
How a virus works
WARM UP
What type of life cycle is the flu? What type of life cycle is HIV?
VACCINES
Resembles disease causing agent Made from weakened or dead microbe Stimulates immune system and creates
memory cells
ACTIVE IMMUNITY
Production if antibodies by and organism after an encounter Natural- Due to infection Artificial- Vaccination
PASSIVE IMMUNITY Acquisition if
antibodies from another organism Natural- pass from
mother to child during placenta or breast milk
Artificial- Immune serum or antivenom