w3 Theories of Language Learning

7/28/2019 w3 Theories of Language Learning

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Theories of Language

COGNITIVISM

GROUP 2


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Cognitivism

Cognitivism focuses onan unobservable change

in mental knowledge.

Exampthe mental proces

recognize, rec

analyze, reflect, apcreate, understandevaluate


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Theorists of cognitivism.


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Born9 August 1 896Neuchtel , Sw

Died 16 Sept ember 1Geneva , Switze

Fields Developme ntaPsychology ,Ep

Known for Constructivis mepistemology ,cognitive de vepermanence ,E

Jean William Frit
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2telhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genevahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_epistemologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_cognitive_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_cognitive_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_cognitive_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_permanencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egocentrismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egocentrismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object_permanencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_cognitive_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_epistemologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructivism_(learning_theory)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epistemologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genevahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switzerlandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuch%C3%A2tel


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Piagets theory

First is schema : acquireknowledge by using our basicbehavior model and reacting

with environment.

Second is assimilationaccommodation a

equilibration.- equilibration happens whenpeople get well with

assimilation and accommoda- if people dont get well witthem, then disequilibriumhappens.


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Born Nove m ber 17, 1896Orsha , Russian Empire , nowinBelarus

Died June 11, 1934 (aged 37)Moscow , USSR

Nationality Russian

Fields Psychology

Notablestudents Alexander Luria

Known forCultural-historical psych ology ,Zoneof proximal development

Lev Vygotsky
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orshahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USSRhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_of_proximal_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_of_proximal_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_of_proximal_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zone_of_proximal_developmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural-historical_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural-historical_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural-historical_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural-historical_psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Luriahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USSRhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orsha


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Vygotskys theory

people start toreact with society

when they wereborn

Vygotskys cognitive

development isfrom outside to

inside

egocentric speech isvery important, because

it's the way they canrelieve emotion buthelp them thinking

he thought teachershould give children

proper help thatchildren can achieve

best performance.


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Born

Nationality

Fields

Known for

Jerome Seymou


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Bruner's Three Modes ofRepresentation

Enactiverepresentation(action-based)

Iconicrepresentation(image-based)

Symbolicrepresentation

(language-based)


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Enactive

0-1 years

It involves encoding action based information and storing it inmemory.

For example, in the form of movement as a muscle memory, aremember the action of shaking a rattle.

Iconic

1 - 6 years

This is where information is stored visually in the form For example, when we are learning a new subject, it is

helpful to have diagrams or illustrations to accompany information.

Symbolic

(7 years onwards)

Information is stored in the form of a code or symbol, slanguage.

This is the most adaptable form of representation, for aimages have a fixed relation to that which they represen


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The cognitivism revolution

Cognitivism replaced

behaviourism (1960

)

Focus on black box/mind to show how

information isreceived, assimilated,

stored and recalled.

People are notprogrammed animals

that merely respond toenvironmental stimuli.

Cognitivismmetaphor o

as coinformation

is being prand leads to

out

Chomsky argued that languagecould not be acquired purely

through conditioning and mustbe at least partly explainedby the existence of internal

mental states.


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Cognitivists viewlearning as a

process ofrelating new

information topreviously learnedinformation.

Learning is mostlikely to occur

when an individualcan

associate newlearning with

previous knowledge

Errors are alsoaccepted as partof the learning

process.

The cognitivstperspective focus

more on thelearner as an

active participantin the

teaching-learningprocess.


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Cognitivistprinciples inteaching and

learning process.

Presentinformation inan organized

manner

Bring to mindrelevant prior

learning

Provide forreview andrepetition of

learning

Provideopportunities for

students toelaborate on new

information

Help studentsprocess

information inmeaningful

ways


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General Educational Implicationsof Cognitive Theories

Cognitive processes influence learning. As children grow, they become capable of

increasingly more sophisticated thought.

People organize the things they learn.

New information is most easily acquired when peoplecan associate it with things they have alreadylearned.

People control their own learning.


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Behaviourism

vs

cognitivism


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Focus Bahaviourist Cognitivist

View about themind

A blank slate. An active organizer.Varied, with mintelligences alearningstyles.

S-T Roles Teacher plans and setsgoals for learning.One best way of teaching.

Students particplanning and gsetting.Teacher teachevariety.

Motivation Reward is motivation. Learning is a motivator.

Curriculum Content Students are taughtwhat.

Students are tawhat and how

Assessment Teacher assess.Product is important.

Students are inpeerand self-assessProduct and pr

important


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w3 Theories of Language Learning