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Wael Abdullah Ahmad,
mmWave Design Scientist with IHP
Agenda
➢ mmWave Antennas Overview
➢ Differential Patch Antenna Design
➢ Corporate-Fed vs. Series-Fed Array
○ 2x2 Patch Antenna Array
○ 4x1 Differential Patch Antenna Array
➢ Vivaldi Antenna Design
➢ CoB Bond Wire Connectivity & Compensation
➢ CoB ADS Simulation with Antennas
➢ Summary
3
Agenda
➢ mmWave Antennas Overview
➢ Differential Patch Antenna Design
➢ Corporate-Fed vs. Series-Fed Array
○ 2x2 Patch Antenna Array
○ 4x1 Differential Patch Antenna Array
➢ Vivaldi Antenna Design
➢ CoB Bond Wire Connectivity & Compensation
➢ CoB ADS Simulation with Antennas
➢ Summary
4
Planar mmWave Antennas Technologies
PCB
IC
On-Board On-Chip
In-Package
PCB
IC
PCB
IC
PCB
IC
Bond wires connectivity
Flip-chip connectivity
5
Planar mmWave Antennas Considerations
➢ Compatibility with PCB, IC or packaging processes
➢ Differential excitation is preferred
○ Integration with RFIC/MMIC circuits
○ Elimination the need to baluns
➢ Up to 60-80 GHz on-board antennas are feasible
➢ On-chip antennas with air cavity in Si are efficient
➢ On-board arrays are compact for multi-channel systems
➢ Constant beamwidth, direction and gain over a wide range of frequencies are challenges
6
Agenda
➢ mmWave Antennas Overview
➢ Differential Patch Antenna Design
➢ Corporate-Fed vs. Series-Fed Array
○ 2x2 Patch Antenna Array
○ 4x1 Differential Patch Antenna Array
➢ Vivaldi Antenna Design
➢ CoB Bond Wire Connectivity & Compensation
➢ CoB ADS Simulation with Antennas
➢ Summary
7
Differential Microstrip Patch Antenna Design
➢ Single-ended Microstrip patch
○ Half wavelength (with fringing)
○
➢ The microstrip patch can be excited differentially at the non-radiating edge through coupled lines
➢ Matching through tuning the feeding position
○ Coupled lines spacing Sf controls the differential patch impedance
8
80 GHz Differential Microstrip Patch Antenna - Design
➢ RO3003 127 μm thick substrate
➢ Half wavelength at 80 GHz
➢ Differential excitation
○ At the non-radiating edge
○ 100Ω differential
○ Coupled lines feeding
➢ Parasitic patch
○ Broadens the bandwidth
➢ Matching tith λ/4 transformer
Z. Tong and A. Stelzer, "A millimeter-wave transition from microstrip to waveguide using a Differential Microstrip Antenna," The 40th European Microwave Conference, Paris, 2010, pp. 660-663. 9
80 GHz Differential Microstrip Patch Antenna - Parameters
10
80 GHz Differential Microstrip Patch Antenna - Radiation
➢ Broadside
➢ Wide beam
➢ Beamwidth is not fixed over frequency
➢ Momentum
11
Agenda
➢ mmWave Antennas Overview
➢ Differential Patch Antenna Design
➢ Corporate-Fed vs. Series-Fed Array
○ 2x2 Patch Antenna Array
○ 4x1 Differential Patch Antenna Array
➢ Vivaldi Antenna Design
➢ CoB Bond Wire Connectivity & Compensation
➢ CoB ADS Simulation with Antennas
➢ Summary
12
60 GHz 2x2 Differential Patch Antenna Array - Design
➢ 4 single-ended patches
○ Inset-fed
○ ~ λ/2-spaced
➢ 4 pairs of parasitic dipoles
○ Increase the directivity
○ Broaden the bandwidth
➢ Corporate feed network
○ Differential interface
➢ Composite (thick) substrate
○ Broadens the bandwidth
R. Wang, Y. Sun, C. Wipf and J. C. Scheytt, "An on-board differential patch array antenna and interconnects design for 60 GHz applications," Microwaves, COMCAS, 2011 IEEE International Conference on, Tel Aviv, 2011, pp. 1-5. 13
60 GHz 2x2 Differential Patch Antenna Array - Parameters
14
60 GHz 2x2 Differential Patch Antenna Array - Radiation
➢ Broadside
➢ No squinting
➢ Low SLL
➢ Beamwidth is
not fixed over
frequency
➢ Momentum
15
Agenda
➢ mmWave Antennas Overview
➢ Differential Patch Antenna Design
➢ Corporate-Fed vs. Series-Fed Array
○ 2x2 Patch Antenna Array
○ 4x1 Differential Patch Antenna Array
➢ Vivaldi Antenna Design
➢ CoB Bond Wire Connectivity & Compensation
➢ CoB ADS Simulation with Antennas
➢ Summary
16
60 GHz 4x1 Differential Patch Antenna Array - Design
➢ 4 differential patches
○ ~ λ/2-spaced
➢ Asymmetric patches
○ Broaden the bandwidth
➢ Matching
○ λ/4 transformer
○ Inset in the first patch
➢ Series feed network
○ Beam squinting
17
60 GHz 4x1 Differential Patch Antenna Array - Parameters
18
60 GHz 4x1 Differential Patch Antenna Array - Radiation
➢ Nearly broadside
➢ Narrower beam
➢ Beam squinting
➢ High SLL
➢ Momentum
19
Corporate-Fed vs. Series-Fed Array
20
Agenda
➢ mmWave Antennas Overview
➢ Differential Patch Antenna Design
➢ Corporate-Fed vs. Series-Fed Array
○ 2x2 Patch Antenna Array
○ 4x1 Differential Patch Antenna Array
➢ Vivaldi Antenna Design
➢ CoB Bond Wire Connectivity & Compensation
➢ CoB ADS Simulation with Antennas
➢ Summary
21
Vivaldi Antenna - Design
Ruoyu Wang, Yaoming Sun and J. C. Scheytt, An on-board differential Bunny - Ear Antenna design for 60 GHz applications, German Microwave Conference Digest of Papers, Berlin, 2010, pp. 9-12.
➢ Tapered slot antenna
○ Antenna parts radiate at different frequencies
○ Theoretical infinite bandwidth
➢ Infinite slot widths WL & WH define the bandwidth with efficient radiation
➢ The gain is proportional to the antenna length L
➢ Planar-to-Slot line transition
○ Limits the antenna bandwidth
○ Exp. tapered microstrip-to-slot transition
○ Exp. tapered microstrip GND
○ Wideband impedance matching
Tapered Transition
Radiating Slot
WL
WH
L
22
Vivaldi Antenna - Parameters
23
Vivaldi Antenna - Radiation
➢ Endfire
➢ Low SLL
➢ Beamwidth is
constant over
frequency
➢ FEM
24
Agenda
➢ mmWave Antennas Overview
➢ Differential Patch Antenna Design
➢ Corporate-Fed vs. Series-Fed Array
○ 2x2 Patch Antenna Array
○ 4x1 Differential Patch Antenna Array
➢ Vivaldi Antenna Design
➢ CoB Bond Wire Connectivity & Compensation
➢ CoB ADS Simulation with Antennas
➢ Summary
25
Chip-On-Board with Integrated mmWave On-Board Antennas
PCB
IC
PCB
IC
Bond wires connectivity Flip-chip connectivity
26
CoB Bond Wires Connectivity
27
CoB Bond Wires Considerations
➢ Cavity in PCB
○ Shorter wires
○ Lower inductance
➢ GND ring
○ Multiple GND connections
○ Chip GND & board GND
➢ Bond Wire Compensation
○ Single bond wire
○ Double bond wires
○ 2 x bond wires
28
Bond Wire Compensation - Single Bond Wire
➢ Single bond wire
➢ Single CL-section on board
➢ 100-Ω differential at 30 GHz29
Bond Wire Compensation - 2 x Bond Wires
➢ 2 x bond wires reduce the inductance
➢ Single CL-section on board
➢ 100-Ω differential up to 80 GHz
➢ On-chip bond pad size & bond wire diameter30
Bond Wire Compensation - Double Bond Wires
➢ double bond wires synthesize an LCL matching circuit
➢ 100-Ω differential at 60 GHz
➢ Compact on-chip bond pad sizeRuoyu Wang, Yaoming Sun and J. C. Scheytt, An on-board differential Bunny - Ear Antenna design for 60 GHz applications, German Microwave Conference Digest of Papers, Berlin, 2010, pp. 9-12. 31
Bond Wire Compensation - Double Bond Wires
Capacitance pad: 0.24mm x 0.2mm 0.28mm x 0.2 mm32
Agenda
➢ mmWave Antennas Overview
➢ Differential Patch Antenna Design
➢ Corporate-Fed vs. Series-Fed Array
○ 2x2 Patch Antenna Array
○ 4x1 Differential Patch Antenna Array
➢ Vivaldi Antenna Design
➢ CoB Bond Wire Connectivity & Compensation
➢ CoB ADS Simulation with Antennas
➢ Summary
33
CoB EM Simulation Flow in ADS using FEM
File → Customize PCell
Options → Technology → Nested Technology
1. PCell for Nested Tech. 2. Nested Technology
34
mmWave Antenna Integration with Chip-on-Board
35
Integrated On-Board 60 GHz Differential Patch Array
36
Integrated On-Board 60 GHz Differential Vivaldi Antenna
37
Agenda
➢ mmWave Antennas Overview
➢ Differential Patch Antenna Design
➢ Corporate-Fed vs. Series-Fed Array
○ 2x2 Patch Antenna Array
○ 4x1 Differential Patch Antenna Array
➢ Vivaldi Antenna Design
➢ CoB Bond Wire Connectivity & Compensation
➢ CoB ADS Simulation with Antennas
➢ Summary
38
Summary
➢ Planar antennas are suitable for mmWave applications
➢ Differential antennas connect seamlessly to RFIC/MMIC
➢ Series-fed arrays are compact and have narrow beams but with squinting
➢ Corporate-fed arrays have fixed beam direction over frequency
➢ Extending arrays bandwidth by parasitic’s, composite substrate & asymetry
➢ Vivaldi antenna is inherently wideband with fixed beamwidth over frequency
➢ Connectivity at mmWave frequencies is a challenge
➢ Different on-board bond wire compensation mmWave frequencies
➢ Predicting CoB connectivity behavior using FEM simulation in ADS39
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