WARM UP #1 2/28WARM UP #1 2/28

Ch 12 NOTES #1Ch 12 NOTES #12/182/18

DNA introDNA intro

DNA found in DNA found in chromosomes in chromosomes in the nucleus of the nucleus of EVERY CELL cell EVERY CELL cell

(except red (except red blood cells)blood cells)

Contains all the info Contains all the info to make youto make you

Every cell in your Every cell in your body has the same body has the same DNADNA

DNA – DNA –

Deoxyribonucleic acidDeoxyribonucleic acid

Each section of DNA is a geneEach section of DNA is a gene

WATSON AND CRICKWATSON AND CRICK

Discovered the shape 1950’sDiscovered the shape 1950’s

DOUBLE HELIX - twisted ladderDOUBLE HELIX - twisted ladder

NUCLEOTIDESNUCLEOTIDES

Pieces that make Pieces that make DNADNA

Sugar and phosphate Sugar and phosphate (sides) (sides)

Bases (middles)Bases (middles)

BASESBASES

Adenine A pair togetherAdenine A pair together

Thymine TThymine T

Cytosine C pair togetherCytosine C pair together

Guanine GGuanine G

WHAT MAKES EVERYONE WHAT MAKES EVERYONE DIFFERENT OR DIFFERENT DIFFERENT OR DIFFERENT GENES?GENES?

Order of bases makes each Order of bases makes each DNA different DNA different

The order will make a The order will make a proteinprotein

Protein makes the traitProtein makes the trait

HUMANS = 46 chromo.HUMANS = 46 chromo.

3 billion base pairs in 3 billion base pairs in every chromosome!every chromosome!

WHY STUDY DNA?WHY STUDY DNA?

1. Can learn about diseases passed on1. Can learn about diseases passed on

2. Can id people2. Can id people

3. Can help solve crimes3. Can help solve crimes

4. Can show relatives4. Can show relatives

5. Can create new better species5. Can create new better species

Related individualsRelated individuals DNA has markers that can DNA has markers that can

show relationships.show relationships. For instance, S2 (the For instance, S2 (the

adopted and non-adopted and non-biological son of MOM and biological son of MOM and DAD) has different bands DAD) has different bands than biological kidsthan biological kids

While D1, D2, S1 are all While D1, D2, S1 are all biological daughters and biological daughters and sons of MOM and DAD sons of MOM and DAD (thou’ they have different (thou’ they have different mothers or different mothers or different fathers), their DNA show fathers), their DNA show similar patterns as MOM similar patterns as MOM or DAD do.or DAD do.

Parentage testsParentage tests

The child (C) will share The child (C) will share one band with the one band with the biological mother (M) biological mother (M) and one band with and one band with biological father.biological father.

Who is the father of Who is the father of the child?the child?

DNA sample from hair Suspect 1 Suspect 2 Suspect 3Victim

Identify the suspect responsible for the crime out of above evidence