Warm-up1. The phrase Manifest Destiny was coined by John O'Sullivan in 1845

2. White Americans believed they had a God-given right to occupy the entire North American continent.

3. Manifest Destiny was an entirely new concept.

4. Manifest Destiny was used to encourage people to move further East.

5. Advertising, newspaper stories and pictures encouraged people to move onto the Plains.

6. Gold was found in Kansas in 1848.

7. The Homestead Act offered people 160 acres of land.

8. Under the terms of the Homestead Act people had to build a house on the Plains and live there for 5 years.

9. Stories of failure were widely circulated.

10. Paintings encouraged people to fulfill Manifest Destiny.

Chapter 11: Expanding West

Section 1: Trails to the West

LG 8.61: Analyze the reasons, outcome, and legacy of groups moving west including the mountain men/trail blazers, Mormons, missionaries, settlers, and the impact of the Oregon Trail and John C. Fremont.

Moving West

During the early 1800s, Americans moved west of the Rocky Mountains to settle and trade.

At first they were looking for beaver fur because they had killed off the beaver population in the east supplying French, British & American hat making companies

MountainmenFur traders & trappers who traveled to the west trapping animals to sell to companies like the American Fur Company, owned by John Jacob Astor.

Rendezvous

• A yearly meeting of trappers

• Created to increase profits

• Included celebrations & storytelling

Astoria, Columbia River

• 1811 Trading post

• One of the first American settlements in Oregon Country

Oregon CountryPacific Northwest

U.S. Robert Gray; merchant captain discovers Columbia River 1792

U.S. makes treaties for the land with Spain & Russia

Treaty with Britain to share the land – both can occupy it.

1840s fur trade begins to decline

Settlers from the east come lured by rich resources and mild climate

Russia

Britain

Spain

United States

Trails West• Read about trails west pages

346 – 349.

• When you finish reading, create a bubble map about the three trails west. Include the name of the trail and the purpose of the trail (Where did it go? Who traveled on it?)

• Which trail would you have wanted to travel? Why?

Trails West Bubble Map

Trails

West

Oregon Trail/California Trail

Santa Fe/Old

Spanish Trail

Mormon Trail

Directions: Record the name and purpose of the three trails west in a similar bubble map.

Major Western Trails

The 2,000-mile Oregon Trail stretched from Independence, Missouri, to the rich farming lands of the Willamette Valley in Oregon. It was used by Native Americans, Lewis and Clark, fur traders and mountain men, and finally migrants.

Santa Fe Trail

The first major western trail was the Santa Fe Trail, which stretched 800 miles from Independence, Missouri, to the town of Santa Fe, the capital of Spanish New Mexico. It began as a trade route.

Oregon Trail

Between 1847 and 1853, some 16,000 Mormons migrated west following the 1,300-mile route that became known as the Mormon Trail. It ran from Nauvoo, Illinois, to Salt Lake City in present-day Utah.

Mormon Trail

The Results??Wagons West – trains of 10 to 100 wagons moved settlers the 2000 miles from Missouri to Oregon or California

260,000 Americans

made the trip

Trip took 5 months

Donner Party (cannibalism)

showed the danger

Those that made it

got better farms

Western Trails Map

Use page 347 to label the map. Use the legend in your box to do your map.

Find and label the Rocky Mountains

Label all the towns, cities, forts, oceans, etc

Wagon Train Crossing Prairie Lined With CliffsA wagon train crosses a prairie lined with cliffs on the Oregon Trail on a tour designed to simulate the pioneer experience on the Oregon Trail. Near Bayard, Nebraska.

Emigrants To The West IllustrationOriginal caption: American Westward Expansion:

"EMIGRANTS TO THE WEST" prepare a meal on the prairie.

Covered Wagon Parts at Crossing Site on the Green River Covered wagon parts sit on rocks above the edge

of the Green River Where wagons on the Oregon Trail crossed the river near LaBarge, Wyoming.

Pony Express Station on Oregon TrailA weathered building built in 1857 to serve Oregon-California

trade and which also served as a pony express station, still stands in Hanover, Kansas.

Excavating Oregon Trail Burial SiteA hand holding a whisk broom brushes dirt from

the skeleton of a young pioneer woman who died while crossing the country on the Oregon Trail

in the 19th century. Wyoming, USA.

Aerial View of Motorhomes and Covered Wagons Parked in a Circle

Covered wagons and motor homes stand in a circle in imitation

of the protective circles pioneers formed as they set up camp

while crossing the country in wagon trains along the Oregon Trail. Near Bayard, Nebraska.

Aerial View of "Y" in the Oregon TrailThe Sublette Cutoff, which leads South to Utah and Califonia,

veers off from the Oregon Trail near South Pass, Wyoming.

Assignment1)What were some challenges

that individuals encountered while traveling west?1)Make a chart similar to the

one on Question 3 Section Assessment page 349.

2)For each Trail list challenges

2)Which trail west would you have taken? Why?