Warm-Up 11/16/12

0Within the thylakoid membrane, chemiosmosis takes place converting _______energy into ______energy.

0Within the thylakoid membrane, chemiosmosis takes place converting light energy into chemical energy.

The Cell: Chloroplasts & Mitochondria

Mrs. Ferenc Biology

Overview0Mitochondria & chloroplasts are the organelles that

convert energy to useable forms for the cell0chloroplasts:

from sunlight to ATP & carbohydrates0ATP = active energy0carbohydrates = stored energy (think “carb

loading)

ATP

+ATP0Mitochondira:from glucose to ATP

Mitochondria & Chloroplasts0Important to see the similarities0transform energy0generate ATP

0double membranes = 2 membranes0internal ribosomes, DNA & enzymes

Chloroplasts0Type of plastid0Structure02 membranes

0outer membrane 0inner membrane

0internal fluid-filled space = stroma 0DNA, ribosomes & enzymes 0thylakoids = membranous sacs where ATP is

made0grana = stacks of thylakoids

Why internal sac membranes?

increase surface area for membrane-bound enzymes that synthesize ATP

Chloroplasts0Function0photosynthesis 0generate ATP & synthesize sugars0transform solar energy into chemical energy0produce sugars from CO2 & H2O

Mitochondria

0Almost all eukaryotic cells have mitochondria0there may be 1 very large mitochondrion or 100s to

1000s of individual mitochondria0number of mitochondria is correlated with aerobic

metabolic activity0more activity = more energy

needed = more mitochondria

Mitochondria

0Structure02 membranes0Cristae0Folds to increase surface area, allows

more energy to be obtained within cell0Fluid space between 2 membranes0internal fluid-filled space

0mitochondrial matrix0DNA, ribosomes & enzymes

Why 2 membranes?

increase surface area for membrane-bound enzymes that synthesize ATP

Mitochondria0Function0cellular respiration0generate ATP 0from breakdown of sugars, fats

& other fuels 0in the presence of oxygen0break down larger molecules into smaller to

generate energy 0generate energy in presence of O2 = aerobic

respiration

Any Questions??

Today’s Assignment: Chloroplast & Mitochondria

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