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WARM UP # 1/31
Unscramble the words from this chapter
• Bonus – 1st 3 people who show me get EC slips!
1. D M E N L E
2. L A L E L
3. M E H C O S R O O
4. C R S E S V I E E
5. G Y E T Z O
6. A R T T I
Ch 11 NOTES #41/31
Types of genetic combinations
Types of genetics:
1. Complete (AKA: Mendelian traits)- 1 trait dominant over the other
EX: monohybrid – 1 trait – eye color, etc.
dihybrid – 2 traits
2. Codominant - both traits show up if heterozygous
EX: blood types, spotted, brown and
white mix ,etc.
3. Polygenic - more than one gene + environment effects a trait
EX: height, weight, skin color, cancer, diabetes, etc.
4. Incomplete Dominance - mixture of two traits
EX: red and white = pink
tall and short = medium
5. Sex-linked - traits on the X chromo. only
EX: hemophilia, colorblindness, sickle cell
46 chromosomes
23 pairs
Last set is called the sex chromosomes – determines the sex of the person
MALE: X Y
FEMALE : X X
Who determines the sex of the baby?
A. The mom does
B. The dad does
C. Both the mom and dad
FEMALE: X X
MALE: X Y
Males determine the sex of the baby
WHY? because they have the X and they Y. Females only have X and X.
X Y
X X
All the female’s eggs will be X’s. If the sperm with the X fertilizes the egg, it
will be a girl. If the sperm with the Y fertilizes the egg, it
will be a boy.
DO YOU HAVE A SEX-LINKED TRAIT?
COLORBLINDNESS TEST
Sex-linked traits are carried on the X, if a male gets 1 recessive it will show – because he only has one X
In the female it will only show if she gets 2 recessives – because she has 2 x’s
EX:
XHY XhY will show
XHXH XHXh XhXh
CARRIER - you have the recessive gene and can pass it on to your child
• Must use X and Y’s when doing punnett square for sex-linked!
PRACTICE SEX-LINKEDEX: C = not colorblind c = colorblind
Mom is a carrier for cb
Dad is colorblind
Children?
2. CODOMINANT
PHENOTYPE GENOTYPE
Blood type A : A A or A O
type B : B B or B O
type AB : A B
type O : O O
PRACTICE CODOMINANT
Cross a person that has blood type B homozygous with a person that has blood type A heterozygous.
3. INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
PHENOTYPE GENOTYPE
White flower FW FW
Red flower FR FR
Pink flower FR FW
PRACTICE INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE
Cross a pink flowering plant with a heterozygous red flowering plant.
4. SEX- LINKED
Humans – 46 chromo. = 23 pairs
Autosomes – 22 pairsSex Chromo. - 1 pair
Females X XMales X Y *Does the mother or the father determine what sex
the baby is?
Karyotype
Pictures of the chromosomes
Girl X X Boy X Y