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2. Which excerpt from the Constitution expresses the principle of federalism?

A “All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States. . . .”

B “The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate. . . .”

C “The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behavior. . . .”

D “The powers not delegated to the United States . . . are reserved to the States respectively. . . .”

Your Highnesses . . . resolved to send me . . . to the said parts of India to see the said princes, and the cities and lands, and their disposition, with a view that they might __________; and ordered that I should not go by land to the eastward, as had been customary, but that I should go by way of the west, whither up to this day, we do not know for certain that any one has gone.

-Christopher Columbus

1. Which of the following completes the excerpt?

A teach us how to craft their goods

B be converted to our holy faith

C be brought to our country as slaves

D teach us about the stars and planets

Read the following statements, in Read the following statements, in your notebook explain how you your notebook explain how you

would feel in that situation and why:would feel in that situation and why:1.1. You are called a “chicken” because you don’t want You are called a “chicken” because you don’t want

to fight.to fight.2.2. You give in when you are threatened. (meaning You give in when you are threatened. (meaning

you just do what your told, you don’t stand up for you just do what your told, you don’t stand up for yourself)yourself)

3.3. You are called too weak to win a fight or argument.You are called too weak to win a fight or argument.4.4. You are threatened if you don’t give someone your You are threatened if you don’t give someone your

moneymoney5.5. You are labeled a bully because you threaten to You are labeled a bully because you threaten to

fight.fight.

The United States has been in all of those The United States has been in all of those situations over time, from being a “chicken” situations over time, from being a “chicken” to being a “bully” when it comes to foreign to being a “bully” when it comes to foreign policy.policy.

Shifting U.S. Foreign Policy

How do we change over time?

1. Article V, excerpted above, is included in the U.S. Constitution to allow for the —

A adaptation of laws to reflect changes in society

B revision of laws by the executive branch

C resolution of conflicts through the judicial system

D validation of elections by a national authority

2. These remarks best reflect a confirmation of which U.S. president’s foreign-policy goals?

A George WashingtonB James Madison C James Monroe D John Quincy Adams

“The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof”. . . . —Article V of the U.S. Constitution

“Of the complicated European systems of national polity we have heretofore been independent. From their wars, their tumults, and anxieties we have been, happily, almost entirely exempt. Whilst these are confined to the nations which gave them existence, . . . they can not affect us except as they appeal to our sympathies in the cause of human freedom and universal advancement.” —President Franklin Pierce, inaugural address, 1853

Shifting US Foreign PolicyShifting US Foreign Policy

Shifting U.S. Foreign Policy

Aggressive

20121796

NEUTRALWashington’s Farewell Address

stay out of other countries business so we can grow as a country to be

strong and independent

Causes and Effects of the War of 1812

Britain and France go to war in 1803. They attack American ships because neither side wants the other to be helped by American trade. “IMPRESSMENT”

Britain and France keep violating American neutrality.

Congress passes the Embargo Act of 1807, which prohibits trade with ANY foreign country. The Act does not hurt Britain or France; just New England merchants

.

March 4, March 4, 18091809

James MadisonJames Madison inaugurated as inaugurated as PresidentPresident

Also a Also a Democratic – Democratic – Republican, like Republican, like JeffersonJefferson

•Congress repeals the Embargo Act of 1809 and passes a new law, which promises that the U.S. will trade with the first country to stop violating American neutrality. France stops, America begins trade, England gets mad.

•“War Hawks”, Henry Clay from the West and John C. Calhoun from the South, argue for war with Britain. •U.S. settlers move into western lands and are attacked by Native Americans using British-supplied weapons.

•Congress, led by the War Hawks and President Madison, declares War.

Shifting US Foreign PolicyShifting US Foreign Policy

Shifting U.S. Foreign Policy

1803

Louisiana Purchase

1807

Embargo Act

1812

DEFENSIVE

August 24, 1814 – British burn August 24, 1814 – British burn WashingtonWashington

The Capitol and the White House were The Capitol and the White House were burned, but the rest of Washington was burned, but the rest of Washington was saved by a strong rain storm.saved by a strong rain storm.

Dolly Madison refused to abandon Washington’s portrait as she fled from the British; she wrote to her sister on the day of the fire:

"Our kind friend, Mr. Carroll, has come to hasten my departure, and is in a very bad humor with me because I insist on waiting until the large picture of Gen. Washington is secured, and it requires to be unscrewed from the wall. This process was found to be too tedious for these perilous moments; I have ordered the frame to be broken, and the canvas taken out; it is done--and the precious portrait placed in the hands of two gentlemen of New York, for safe keeping."

September 13-14, 1814September 13-14, 1814 Watching the Battle of Baltimore, Watching the Battle of Baltimore, Francis Scott Francis Scott

KeyKey wrote wrote The Star Spangled BannerThe Star Spangled Banner

*Ft. McHenry

Fort McHenryFort McHenry

December 24, 1814December 24, 1814

American& British American& British diplomats signed the diplomats signed the Treaty of Treaty of GhentGhent ending the war.ending the war.

No boundaries were No boundaries were changed. changed.

There was no clear There was no clear winner.winner.

Treaty of GhentTreaty of Ghent

January 8, 1815January 8, 1815

Americans won the battle despite Americans won the battle despite being severely outnumbered.being severely outnumbered.

Battle of New Orleans

Andrew Jackson became a war hero.

Casualties at the Casualties at the Battle of New OrleansBattle of New Orleans

700 Dead700 Dead 1400 Wounded1400 Wounded 8 Dead8 Dead

13 Wounded13 Wounded

Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson Became a Became a

very famous very famous war hero after war hero after leading the leading the American American victory at New victory at New Orleans ;0)Orleans ;0)

Effects of the War of 1812Effects of the War of 1812

Nothing was gained

Nothing was lost

Respect was earnedEFFECTS OF WAR OF 1812 – American settlers on the frontier were safer from Indian attack; American industry grew as Americans were forced to make goods once acquired from England; trade increased, bringing profit to New England merchants; and America proved it was able to protect itself.

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1. In the early 1800s, manufacturing in the United States converted from cottage industry to factory production because of —

A a lack of skilled workersB a decreased demand for

finished goodsC difficulty in transporting

goodsD the ability to produce

goods more efficiently

2. This political cartoon illustrates an issue discussed during the Constitutional Convention of 1787. The issue was over —A state boundariesB immigrationC branches of governmentD representation in Congress

Shifting US Foreign PolicyShifting US Foreign Policy

Shifting U.S. Foreign Policy

1823

PROTECTIVE:

The Monroe Doctrine:

“Stay out of the

WESTERN

HEMISPHERE OR WE

WILL FIGHT YOU!”

Commemorative TombstonesCommemorative Tombstones

John Adams was so proud of avoiding war John Adams was so proud of avoiding war with France that he wanted it engraved on with France that he wanted it engraved on his tombstone. his tombstone.

You will create a Presidential You will create a Presidential Commemorative Cemetery for the first 5 Commemorative Cemetery for the first 5 Presidents.Presidents.

Each tombstone will have an inscription that Each tombstone will have an inscription that explains what that President does in regards explains what that President does in regards to Foreign Affairs to Foreign Affairs

John AdamsB: 1735D:1826

He avoided war with France!Domestic policies:

•XYZ Affair•Alien and Sedition Acts

Washington: 1732-1799Washington: 1732-1799 Adams: 1735-1826Adams: 1735-1826 Jefferson: 1743-1826Jefferson: 1743-1826 Madison: 1751-1836Madison: 1751-1836 Monroe:1758-1831Monroe:1758-1831

1. What made New Orleans a significant port to people living in the Ohio Valley?

A The taxes collected in New Orleans

supported towns in the Ohio Valley.B New Orleans was a fortified city

thatprotected the Missouri River againstinvasion.C Many of the goods needed by the

people of the Ohio Valley were manufactured in New Orleans.

D New Orleans was an important trade

center near the mouth of the Mississippi River

2. In addition to declaring that the United States would remain neutral in European wars, the Monroe Doctrine —

F invited the European powers to begin

to develop new colonies in Africa and

AsiaG maintained that the United

States had a duty to combat injustice in Asia

H ended the War of 1812 between Great Britain and the United States

J demanded that the European powers not establish colonies in the Western Hemisphere

2. Alexander Hamilton favored a strong federal government because he believed it would benefit the economy. As a result of this belief, he also supported —A the abolishment of all tariffsB the establishment of a national bankC increasing agricultural activityD imposing high taxes on factories

1.

1. The Era of Good Feelings, which followed the War of 1812, was characterized by —

F increased cooperation between the United

States and Native AmericansG the rise of the Federalist

Party as a major political force

H increased nationalism and patriotism in the United States

J an increase in the number of political parties

2. Under the terms of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, new states admitted to the Union —

A could not take part in presidentialelectionsB were considered equal to existing

statesC were required to defend Native

American landsD were required to allow slavery

2. In Marbury v. Madison (1803), the U.S. Supreme Court established the —

A legality of slaveryB principle of judicial reviewC right of the accused to remain silentD requirement of providing legal aid to the poor

Court Case/year

Paragraph Summarizing of the details of the case

Decision reached by the Supreme Court

Significance…how does this impact the United States?

Marbury vs. Madison      

Gibbons vs. Ogden      

McCulloch v. Maryland      

Landmark Supreme Court Cases (value 50 pts.)