WARM-UP 4/9

How do you think steel has affected the growth of cities?

Also: If you were absent the Thursday before Spring Break, make sure you

turn in your post-test invention description TODAY

Review

Edison Westinghouse What were some other inventions?

The old way to make metal Iron puddling! Iron puddler was responsible for heating the iron to the proper

temperature to burn out impurities leaving wrought iron

He has control of the final product, not the owner of the factory

The Bessemer Process-1856

Henry Bessemer patented the process making the production of steel easier and cheaper.

This led to mass production in the steel industry.

The Bessemer Process

Process involves injecting air into molten iron to burn off excess carbon and other impurities.

The Bessemer Process led to……the building of the Brooklyn Bridge!!!

And also…

Skyscrapers!Strong steel means that America’s

teeming cities can now grow upwards!

But what other innovation can be found in skyscrapers?

Elevators! Otis Company

famous for building elevators in skyscrapers

Allows skyscrapers to be built taller

Let’s look a little further into how steel affected cities…

Because of SteelThe Railroad Industry

Expands!Railroads help revolutionize business and industry several

ways!

Railroads & Industry

1. Provided a faster and practical way to transport goods

2. Lowered the costs of producing goods

3. Created national markets for buying goods

4. Encouraged innovation in other industries

In 1883, the railroads adopted a national system of time zones to improve scheduling. a system we still use today.

Let’s now look at how industrialism led to Big

Business…

Closer

Now that you’ve learned more about the Bessemer Process and the effect of steel, what else can you add from your warm-up about how steel affected the growth

of cities?