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Warm-up for 2-1
When Cortez reached the New World he burned his ships to motivate his men. Do you think that was a smart move by Cortez? Why or why not?
-Hernando Cortez- lead explorers known as conquistadors(conquerors) in 1519
- conquered Aztec empire in 1521 w/ mainly disease
- Aztec capital Tenochtitlan was rebuilt and called Mexico City
- colony called New Spain
Conquest
-Spanish settlers known as peninsulares (mostly men)
-Mestizo- marriages between peninsulares and natives
-Spanish dev. forced labor system of natives called encomienda (later abolished in favor of African slaves)
Further Conquests
Spanish move north looking for gold and resources to claim
Juan Ponce de Leon- 1st
European in Florida (1513)
Easter Sunday- Spanish call pascua florida (feast of flowers)- named La Florida
Legendary search for the Fountain of Youth
St. Augustine- Spanish outpost, oldest European founded city
Francisco Vasquez de Coronado- led expeditions into the SW U.S. in 1540
failed to find gold
New Mexico- name for Spain’s northern holdings Spanish attempted to instill religion and culture upon
natives
Pope`- Pueblo religious leader that in 1680 revolted and kicked Spanish out for short a time ( ~15 years)
America is named after Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci who made several voyages to the Americas and determined that they were not part of Asia.
In 1588 the Spanish Armada was defeated by the British, which dealt a crippling blow to the Spanish and opened the way for the rest of Europe to venture to the Americas.
English colonies funded by joint-stock companies- investors pooled $ together
Sir Walter Raleigh had claimed and named territory Virginia (Elizabeth I)
Jamestown - 1607
2nd settlement, named after King James I (1st-Roanoke)
settlers dealt w/ contaminated water, hunger, lazy colonists, & natives
John Smith- seized control “he that will not work shall not eat”
Powhatan- local tribe that fought w/ English
Jamestown Flourishes (2)
1. tobacco “brown gold” becomes highly profitable
2. headright system- could pay way to Virginia & receive 50 acres of land
indentured servants- limited term of servitude (4-7 yrs) in exchange for passage
decline in indentured servants population w/ increase in wealth spurred colonists to begin importing slaves in larger #’s
colonists desire for more lands leads to warfare
unlike Spanish, English law forbid intermarriage
one marriage- Pocahontas to John Rolfe brought temporary peace
turmoil forces James I to make Jamestown a Royal Colony- under direct rule of the king (1624)
Economic Differences Split Virginia (1660s & 1670s)
poor settlers of the western frontier resented being taxed &governed without their consent
House of Burgesses-1st representative body in colonial America (only male landowners could vote)
Tax $ went to wealthy plantation owners on the E shores
no $ spent on forts for protection of poor settlers (Governor refused aid during bloody battle between frontier settlers
and Indians)
Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)
Nathaniel Bacon- “planter” wealthy Englishmen
raised an army to fight Native Americans on the frontier
declared illegal, Bacon marched on Jamestown
rebels angry- lack of representation
*exposed the power of colony’s former indentured servants
Warm-up for 2-3
Video warm-up
If you were going to create an ideal community, what would it be like?
Puritan
church members who wanted to eliminate all traces of Roman Catholic ritual and traditions in the Church of England.
Pilgrims or separatists fled England
fled to escape persecution
signed Mayflower Compact
Plymouth Colony founded in 1620- 2nd
permanent English colony in NA
John Winthrop- English Puritan, 1st governor of Massachusetts
est. Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630)
port town of Boston became their capital
stockholders & male church members given right to vote
settlers usually came w/ families (lived extraordinarily long lives)
Dissent in the Community Roger Williams (2 controversial views)1. declared English settlers had no right to claim land unless they
purchased it from Native Americans 2. declared govt. officials (Puritans) had no right punishing settlers
for their religious beliefs
(opposed Quakerism, laws criminalized drunkenness, swearing, & idleness) Puritans are not religiously tolerant** fled Mass. and set up new colony (Providence)
Ann Hutchinson
believed worshipers needed neither the church nor its ministers to interpret the Bible
banished, moved to New Netherland (New York)
mother of 15, she & her family were massacred by NA’s
Disputes w/ the Natives (for every acre a colonial farmer needed to support life, a Native American needed twenty
for hunting, fishing, agriculture)
1. 1st conflict- Pequot War- 1637-colonists set fire to camp and massacred almost (~600) everyone that tried to escape
2. 2nd conflict- King Philip’s War- 1675 named after Wampanoag chief Metacom- English called King Phillip tribes united, but defeated (Metacom’s head was displayed in Plymouth for 20 years) (1/10 of the Colonial men of military age in NE were killed) Native American power in SE New England was gone forever
Warm-up for 2-4
Venn Diagram
Alternative: Have you ever known anyone who believed so strongly in something that he or she defied family or society to pursue his or her beliefs? What might be some pros and cons of such defiance?
New Netherland
(1621) Dutch colony of present-day NY, NJ, & DE
capital New Amsterdam (New York City)
generally friendly relations w/ Indians, traded fur
became a wedge between England’s N & S colonies
English took over w/o a shot fired (1664)
Duke of York became the new proprietor- owner of NYC
(gave portion of land to friends who named it New Jersey)
Quakers Protestant sect w/
radical beliefs held services w/o
ministers anyone could speak at
“meetings” dressed plainly opposed war &
refused service in military
often harassed by Anglicans & Puritans
William Penn (1644- 1718)
was given a charter for Pennsylvania (1681)
sought equality, cooperation, & religious freedom (*fundamental values of a new American nation)
(every adult male given 50 acres & had the right to vote)
helped plan Philadelphia & termed “City of Brotherly Love”
William Penn- letter to Lenni Lenape“Now I would have you well observe, that I am very sensible of the unkindness and injustice that hath been too much exercised towards you by the people of these parts of the world, who sought to make great advantages by you, … sometimes to the shedding of blood, … but I am not such a man, as is well known in my own country; I have great love and regard towards you, and I desire to win and gain your love and friendship, by a kind, just, and peaceable life.” (50 years of peace followed w/o any major conflicts) known for accepting & living peacefully w/ Indians Penn recruited immigrants from W Europe to est. colony never profited as a proprietor and died in poverty