Upload
nguyenhanh
View
213
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Warm-up for 3-1
What financial responsibilities exist between a parent and a child? Could a similar relationship exist between a parent nation and its colonies? Explain
purpose of the colonies was to enrich Britain
theory of mercantilism-economic system designed to increase wealth and power by obtaining gold and silver and est. a favorable balance of trade
colonial merchants sought $ and traded goods to other European nations
England viewed this as a threat
Navigation Acts (1651)- series of laws restricting colonial trade
-all goods must be passed through England
-goods must be shipped on colonial or British ships
passed by Parliament- England’s legislative body
*colonial merchants resented restrictions and smuggled goods
Tensions Emerge Dominion of New England(1686)
-est. of one colony, under one ruler by James II, to make the colonial govt. more obedient
Sir Edmund Andros- chosen to rule New England
Glorious Revolution (1688)-transfer of the British monarchy from RC James II to Protestants William and Mary
Parliament restored original status of the colonies in 1691-required more religious toleration between Puritans/Anglicans
England Loosens the Reins
Turns attention away to pursue control of Europe
Salutary neglect- new policy of relaxing the enforcement of regulations in its colonies in return for continued economic loyalty
-affects politics as well as economics
-colonialists dev. a taste for self-governing
STUARTS James I 1603-1625 Charles I 1625-1649
COMMONWEALTHOliver Cromwell 1649-1658 Richard Cromwell 1658-1659
STUARTS (restored)Charles II 1660-1685 James II 1685-1688 William III 1689-1702 Mary II 1689-1694 Anne 1702-1714
HOUSE OF HANOVER George I 1714-1727 George II 1727-1760 George III 1760-1820
Warm-up for 3-2
Do you think it is possible to live a life of leisure and wealth without relying on the hard work of other, poorer people? Explain
Plantations develop instead of towns (rural)
Plantation farmers specialize in raising a single cash crop- grown for sale, not use
-examples- tobacco, rice, indigo
deep river systems of the south allowed access for ocean-going vessels
Southern Society dominated by planters small farmers formed
majority of pop. women had few legal or
social rights (educated in social graces & domestic tasks)
indentured servants-harsh limited term of servitude, many decide to not to come & planters faced w/ a depleted labor force
Slavery-people who are considered the property of others increasingly difficult to enslave Native Americans Africans’ dark skin seen as a sign of inferiority slavery going on since late 1600’s in West Indies triangular trade
merchants bring goods (rum) to Africa to trade goods for slaves slaves brought to West Indies for sugar and molasses goods brought to NE to be distilled
middle passage- voyage that brought Africans to West Indies and later to NA (Up to 20% died from cruel treatment, disease, or suicide on their way to the
New World)
African Culture
kept alive culture and musical traditions retold stories of ancestors
dance- colonists tried, but failed to eradicate it
resisted slavery by faking illness, breaking tools, staging work slowdowns, & running away
Stono rebellion- occurred at the Stono River near Charlestown in 1739
-militia put down rebellion
-despite failure, showed courage and scared colonists
(the slave trade spanned ~400 years, from the 15th to the 19th century, and removed an estimated 25-30 million people from Africa)
Warm-up for 3-3
What do you like or dislike about city life? How do large cities near us influence our communities? How might the growth of commercial cities affect life in the colonies?
1650-1750, colonies economy grew 2x as fast as GB’s
farms produced several crops unlike the south
commercial economy-grinding wheat, fishing, lumber, & shipbuilding
major port cities-Boston, NYC, & Philadelphia
*Philly was the first large city since Ancient Roman times to be laid out in a grid
Immigrants bring diversity fleeing economic
distress or seeking religious freedom (Scots-Irish, Germans, Dutch, Scandinavians, & Jews)
Slavery in the North slavery existed in NE
and thrived in middle colonies
enjoyed greater legal standing Ex.- could sue and be sued
Women few rights, same as
south
Salem Witch Trials
girls accused a West Indian slave woman, Tituba, of witchcraft in 1692
hysteria gripped town as accusations grew
19 people were hung, 1 person crushed to death, & 4 or 5 “witches” died in jail
There was a marked west-east split between the accused and accusers. The villagers living in the hills to the west made accusations against the inhabitants of the more affluent east. Other possible theories about the cause of the Witch Trials, besides economic jealousy, include religious hysteria and ergot poisoning.
Enlightenment movement in the 1700’s that
emphasized the use of reason and the scientific method as a means of obtaining knowledge
Benjamin Franklin- believed humans could use their intelligence to improve their lives invented lightning rod &
bifocals known for being a ladies man
Only went to 2nd grade Invented the catheter Invented bifocals Printed 1st mail order catalog Est. the nations 1st insurance company Set up the 1st subscription library Invented the lightning rod Invented a heater, the Franklin stove Organized 1st volunteer fire dept. Helped setup Univ. of Penn. 1st demonstrated that acidic soils can be made fertile by adding lime Did much to develop the science of electricity and give it a
vocabulary Printed Poor Richard’s Almanac- known for weather Signer of the Declaration of Independence Campaigned unsuccessfully to have the turkey selected as the
symbol of America
Enlightenment cont.
Thomas Jefferson- used reason to conclude that
individuals have natural rights, which govt. must respect
drafted Declaration of Independence
3rd President of US
The Great Awakening revival of religious feeling
throughout the 1730’s and 1740’s
Jonathon Edwards- famous preacher Goal- revive intensity of
original Puritan vision increased interest in higher
education (Protestant schools founded-
Princeton, Brown, Columbia, & Dartmouth)
*Both movements caused people to question traditional authority and stressed importance of the individual*
Warm-up for 3-4 Video warm-up The Impact of the French and Indian
War
Alternative- Have you ever experienced a friendship with one person that caused a rift with another? Do you think a similar situation could occur between nations? Explain
dispute of fertile Ohio River Valley*
Robert Cavelier had claimed Mississippi Valley, naming it Louisiana in 1682
New France-French colony sparsely populated (70,000 by 1754)
French consisted of traders and priests
had developed friendly relations w/ Indians
The Spark
In 1754 the French built a fort in modern-day Pittsburgh, but the British had previously granted the land to a wealthy planter
Virginia governor sends militia led by George Washington (22 years old) to evict the French
Battle ensued and Washington was forced to surrender- this began the French and Indian War
French used guerilla style fighting to win battle after battle
William Pitt politician and military leader sent by
King George
turned the tide & aligned w/ powerful Iroquois Indians
Battle of Quebec-59’ surprise attack by British wins the war
Treaty of Paris- (1763) GB gains all of NA east of Mississippi including Florida
Spain gained French lands W of Mississippi including New Orleans
1st political cartoon in America
Benjamin Franklin created to encourage the colonies to unite against the French and Indian forces
*widely circulated during the American Revolution
Victory brings problems
Pontiac- Ottawa leader realizes French loss means Indian loss
captures 8 British forts in Ohio Valley
(British present small-pox infected blankets to two Delaware chiefs)
weakened by disease & war many negotiate peace by 1765
Proclamation of 1763-British govt. banned all settlement west of Appalachians
Tensions grow between Colonies and Britain
1. proclamation convinced colonists that the British did not care about their needs
2. writs of assistance-law allowing custom officials to search any ship or building for smuggling
3. British leave 10,000 men in territories to control Indians
4. George Grenville- prime minister who developed Sugar Act (3)
halved duty of foreign made molasses
placed duties on certain imports
allowed prosecutors to try smuggling cases in a vice-admiralty court as opposed to a colonial court