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Warm UP
• Get out your brochure from yesterday and continue working on it. You have 15 minutes. Anything that is left incomplete is HW due tomorrow.
Agenda
• Brochure (15 min)• 13 Colonies large map (10 min) • You need one colored pencil, crayon, or marker
• New England Notes (20 min)
The Four New England Colonies
The four original New England Colonies were
New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island.
Rhode IslandWho: Roger Williams/Anne
HutchinsonWhy: Religious freedom
Gov’t: Separation of Church and State
Plymouth/MassachusettsYear: 1620
Who: Pilgrims and PuritansWhy: Religious freedom
Gov’t: Mayflower Compact/Assemblies
ConnecticutWho: Thomas Hooker
Gov’t: Fundamental Orders = 1st constitution in the colonies“Consent of the governed”
VirginiaYear: 1607
Who: Virginia CompanyGov’t: HOB
Economy: AgrarianJamestown
MarylandWho: Refuge for
CatholicAct of Toleration gave Catholics freedom of
religion
PennsylvaniaWho: Quakers
Religious FreedomDiverse people
Representative Assembly
New YorkFounded by the Dutch,
New Amsterdam
GeorgiaWho: Debtors
Why: buffer to Spanish Florida
Discussion Question
•Why were the New England colonies founded?
Discussion Question Answer
• Pilgrims and Puritans sought religious freedom
“The New England Way”Due to the extreme faiths of the Puritans and Pilgrims, life in New England centered around the church. The Puritans and Pilgrims believed that the “New England Way” was to work 6 days a week and go to church on Sunday. Everyone in the colonies had to be educated so that they could read the bible.
The New England Way is to work
and go to church…
There is no time for play.
Geography and Climate• The climate of the New England Colonies was colder than the
other two colonial regions because they were the farthest north. The hard rocky soil and long-cold winters made farming difficult in New England.
I can’t farm in this hard, rocky soil !!
Winter in New England
Geographic Features
• Mountains/Hills• Forests• Coastlines
What type of farming did New England settlers rely on?
Plantation Farming
Mercantilism
Long Distance Agriculture
Subsistence Farming
Subsistence FarmingA farm that only produces enough to feed one’s family. Little is leftover for sale.
Subsistence Farming• Since large-scale farming was so difficult in the hard, rocky soil
of New England, most families in New England practiced what is called “subsistence farming”. This is where a farmer operates a small family farm and only grows enough produce to subside on (get by, or feed his family).
Subsistence farming means you only grow
enough for your family and a little to trade
Economy of the New England Colonies
• http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=457F9120-69AC-4A5F-BCAD-4B71998940DC
Discussion Question
•Why didn’t the New England colonists farm on a wide scale?
Discussion Question Answer• Too cold• Too many hills, mountains • Soil too poor, rocky
Discussion
• What is an industry?
• What kind of industries were successful in New England?
Industry•A field of business
Industry and Economy• Due to the long winters and hard, rocky soil, agriculture
(farming) was not a major industry (business) in New England. Instead, New England colonists looked to the area’s natural resources that could be found in the surrounding forest and sea to survive and make money.
Industry in New England• The natural resources of the New England Colonies included
fish, whales, trees and furs. Lumbering, trade, fishing, whaling, and shipbuilding became very important to the region’s economy.
Lumbering•Cutting down trees
What do you call someone who trades and sells goods for a living?
Merchant
Sales Guard
Sailor
Merchant•A person who buys and sells goods
Characteristics of New England Colonies
• Labor- consisted of indentured servants and voluntary apprentices• Population- Variations of Protestant and English• Most important cities-Boston, Plymouth
Massachusetts (Massachusetts Bay Colony)
• Founded by John Winthrop in 1630 and the Puritans for religious freedom
City Upon a Hill
John Winthrop was the governor of the Puritan colony in Massachusetts. John Winthrop told the world that he was making a “City Upon a Hill.” He wanted to use the Puritan’s Massachusetts colony as an example of a perfect city in the eyes of God.
We are making a perfect and
godly city upon a hill
The Church house where all governmental affairs are
conducted
Puritans were “Old School”, Old Testament Strict• You could be put to death for:• Worshipping any God, but the Lord God• Blaspheming the Lord • Stealing a man (for slavery purposes)• Bearing false witness against your fellow man • Children smiting or cursing their parents• Stubborn and rebellious children who don’t listen to their parents
Rhode Island • Roger Williams set up the colony of Rhode Island with
Anne Hutchinson in 1636 as a beacon for religious tolerance and safe refuge against religious persecution at the hands of the Puritans. • Rhode Island became a colony founded on ideals of
religious freedom and toleration.
Roger Williams
• Roger Williams was a pastor who had disputes in Massachusetts under strict Puritan rule. • Williams believed the Puritans unlawfully stole land from the Indians
and the Natives were not properly compensated.• He refused to take a residential loyalty oath in Massachusetts
believing any oath other than to God was idolatry. • He wanted separation of Church and state believing that the
Massachusetts leaders could not punish citizens for parts of the Ten Commandments. • Williams was banished in 1635 from Massachusetts and just barely
escaped deportation back to England with the help of his Native American friends.
Anne Hutchinson• Anne Hutchinson was a church leader in Massachusetts who
had conflict with the Puritan leaders over a difference in theological teachings. • Hutchinson believed that Christ’s salvation is based on faith
and not on good works and morality as the Puritans believed. • She caused division in the Puritan Church with Antinomian
theology, it is by God’s grace and your faith that Christians are saved not by obeying rules and having moral lives.
Connecticut
• Founded by Thomas Hooker in 1636 for religious freedom and differences over Puritan governance.
Thomas Hooker• Hooker disagreed with Puritans in
Massachusetts over their position that only church members who owned property could have the right to vote. He favored a more democratic view favoring voting for all men regardless of religious qualification. • Hooker received permission to leave
Massachusetts in 1636 with his congregation.
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
• First written constitution in the colonies• Set up ideas of representative government, separation of powers,
majority rules, and extended voting rights to all property owning, adult, white males.
New Hampshire• Founded in 1623 by John Mason. • Colonists were both Puritan and Puritan dissenters
under John Wheelwright, a supporter of Anne Hutchinson.
Discussion Question
•Why were Boston and Plymouth so important?
Discussion Question Answer
They are major centers of trade because of their location and great harbors.