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Warm-Up Out of Many, One: Rhetoric in The Gettysburg Address and “O Captain! My Captain!”

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Lesson Goals

Read the Gettysburg Address by Abraham Lincoln and“O Captain! My Captain!” by Walt Whitman.

Consider the rhetoricale�ect of word choiceand phrasing in a

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Analyze apoem’s extended

Compare the

appeals in a speechand a poem.

Words to Know

Write the letter of the definition next to the matching word as you work through the lesson. You may use the glossary to help you.

brevity

rhetoric

extended metaphor

impact

connotation

A. effective speaking and writing

B. the feeling or shade of meaning associated with a word

C. an impression

D. characterized by being short

E. a direct comparison of two things that is developed throughout a work

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Lesson Question

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InstructionPart 1

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Out of Many, One: Rhetoric in The Gettysburg Address and “O Captain! My Captain!”

A Short History of the Civil War

1860 1865

The CivilWar begins.

1863Confederate General Robert E.

Lee attempts to

the North in Gettysburg,Pennsylvania, but loses.

The CivilWar

o�ciallyends.

1862Both sides –North and South – have

wins and losses.

Word Connotation

Connotation is the feeling or shade of meaning associated with a word.

• Words with similar meanings can have , negative, or

connotations.

Neutral

hovel house home

PositiveNegative

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Out of Many, One: Rhetoric in The Gettysburg Address and “O Captain! My Captain!”

Brevity

Brevity is used to describe writing or speaking that is short, , and to the point.

with brevity: Not written with brevity:

• “We are met on a great battle-field of that war.”

• This battlefield is one of the many places where the civil war is being fought.

Brevity’s Rhetorical Effect

Rhetoric is effective speaking and writing that persuades.

• Brevity helps the speaker make an

on the audience by:

• keeping the audience focused.

• avoiding extra details.

• making the speaker’s points clear.

• helping make the speech dramatic and emotional.

Now we are engaged in a great civil war,

testing whether that nation, or any nation

so conceived and so dedicated, can long

endure.

–The Gettysburg Address, Abraham Lincoln

Underline the elements of rhetoric in the passage.

4Slide

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Out of Many, One: Rhetoric in The Gettysburg Address and “O Captain! My Captain!”

6Slide

Abraham Lincoln (1809–1865)

• Was born in in 1809

• Worked as a farmer and educated himself

• Was a member of the Illinois legislature

• Became of the United States in 1860

• the Gettysburg Address in 1863

• Was assassinated in 1865

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InstructionPart 2

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Out of Many, One: Rhetoric in The Gettysburg Address and “O Captain! My Captain!”

Extended Metaphor

A metaphor is a kind of language that directly compares two unlike things.

• A metaphor is called an extended metaphor when it is throughout a poem or other literary work.

Example:

“O Captain! My Captain!” by Walt Whitman

Identifying Extended Metaphor

Underline the extended metaphor in the passage.

Metaphor:

• The “Captain” is Abraham Lincoln.

• A captain is in charge of a ship.

• The “ship” is the United States and the Union army.

O Captain! my Captain! our fearful trip is done;

The ship has weather’d every rack, the prize

we sought is won;

The port is near, the bells I hear, the people

all exulting.

–“O Captain! My Captain!” Walt Whitman

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Out of Many, One: Rhetoric in The Gettysburg Address and “O Captain! My Captain!”

4Slide

Walt Whitman (1819–1892)

• Was born on Long Island, NY, in 1819

• Worked as a laborer, teacher, and before becoming a poet

• Is known for his collection of poems called Leaves of Grass

• Was deeply by the horror of the Civil War

• Wrote “O Captain! My Captain!” after Lincoln’s

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Out of Many, One: Rhetoric in The Gettysburg Address and “O Captain! My Captain!”

InstructionPart 3

Using Rhetorical Appeals for Effect

Rhetorical appeals are ways writers use language to affect an audience.

There are three types of appeals.

• : the use

of logic to convince the audience

• : the

use of emotional appeals to affect the audience’s feelings

• : the use of authority to

persuade the audience to act the right way

Pathos Ethos

Connecting Appeals to Purpose

Purpose in the Gettysburg Address: Purpose in “O Captain! My Captain!”:

• to honor soldiers and stress the importance of liberty

• to honor and celebrate Lincoln’s role in winning the Civil War

Now we are engaged in a great civil

war, testing whether that nation, or any

nation so conceived and so dedicated,

can long endure.

–The Gettysburg Address, Abraham Lincoln

Underline the text which highlights the ethos in the passage.

The ship has weather’d every rack, the

prize we sought is won;

The port is near, the bells I hear, the

people all exulting.

–“O Captain! My Captain!” Walt Whitman

Underline the text which highlights the pathos in the passage.

2Slide

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Summary Out of Many, One: Rhetoric in The Gettysburg Address and “O Captain! My Captain!”

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Answer

Use this space to write any questions or thoughts about this lesson.

Lesson Question How do a poem and a speech use language to achieve their goals?